高级口译翻译篇

语法部分 第二章 高级口译评分 1)​ Wording Accuracy 2)​ Phrase Accuracy 3)​ Paraphrasing Nativeness Swallowing small companies, the big media corporations will be able to control what Americans read and watch. 4)​ Sequence Coherency My father is a good teacher who is kind to his students.由于我父亲对学生好，他是一个好老师 5)​ Spelling, Punctuation and Tense 拼写：拼错一个单词扣一分，同样的错误不扣分 时态举例： 中国人民一直希望世界太平。The Chinese people are always loving world peace. 时态重点词would 1、would示意愿I would be only too glad to help you. 2、表示一种特人的行为That’s just what he would say. It would rain on the day we chose for a picnic. 3、so that… would表示目的、结果 so that + can will may （现在/过去时态）表示目的 She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them. 第三章 英译汉翻译技能 直译是指在译入语条件许可的前提下，在译文中既表达原文的思想内容，又保留原文的语言表达形式 直译：一针及时省九针 意译：事半功倍 意译是指译文能正确表达原文的思想内容，但不必拘泥于原文的语言表达形式。 原则：能够直译的不要意译 3.1加注(Annotation)通常是外来语 1、音译加注 1)​ pizza 2)​ Toyota 3)​ Sahara 4)​ Sauna 5)​ AIDS 6)​ Jazz 7)​ In my Walter Mitty dreams I am a prima ballerina. 8)​ He did it a Jordan. 9)​ It was Friday and soon they‘d go out and get drink. 10)​ He pretended to be a Thursday VIP and fit in with the local community quite well. 2、直译加注 Zero Ground Sesame Street Oval Office specified risk material 高风险物质 tabloid tree hugger极端环保主义者 rock石毒 But I am short-tempered, frazzled from all responsibilities. I am the “sandwich generation”, caught between kids and parents. 但我的脾气不好，都是这些事给烦的。我是个夹在孩子和父母之间的“三明治人”。　 He suggested that a truly-inclusive politically-correct pronoun would be “s/h/it”. 他建议，真正既全面又符合政治正确性的代词应是“她或他或它”。　 You told me the other day that you were going to write anything about him yourself. It would be rather like a dog in the manger to keep to yourself a whole lot of material that you have no intention of using. 前些日子，你告诉我你自己不打算写有关他的任何东西，可你却又占着大批资料自己不用，这岂不是狗占马槽（太自私了）了吗？ The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference that rarely leave hope at bottom. 政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子，（后患无穷），主要不同之处是：盒底很少留有希望。 People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss. 人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻，（居心险恶）。 A measure of privatization of adoption is called for, with a diminution in the powers of ideological apartheiders of the Nanny State. 随着“保姆国家”（福利国家的贬称）中那些思想上支持种族隔离的人的势力的减弱，人们要求在收养方面有一定程度的民间化。 We might look upon the glory of our Rust Belt states, where there are hundreds of vast steel mills that are at least 40 years out of date and also spew smoke that causes acid rain. 我们可以看一下我们的铁锈带（）昔日的“荣耀”，那里有几百家落伍至少四十年的大型钢铁厂，至今还喷吐着能够引起酸雨的浓烟。 3.2释义 (Paraphrase) 释义是指舍弃原文的具体表达形式和比喻形象，采取解释性的方法译出原文的意思。 1)​ Bill’s new girlfriend is certainly a knockout.　尤物 2)​ I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse.　内奸 3)​ The weather forecast seems to be accurate. No sooner had I fortunately come back home than rain poured cats and dogs.——touchwood.　老天保佑 4)​ Don’t you think it’s weird for a husband to appreciate his pinups with his wife?　　美女照 5)​ He was smooth and agreeable.　八面玲珑 6)​ What is known is that weight extremes in either direction are definitely unhealthy.　过度的肥胖或消瘦 7)​ He acts a lot older than his years.　少年老成 8)​ The kid went through fire and flood to save his mother.　　赴汤蹈火 9)​ Mary is now between the devil and the deep sea on dealing with her job.　进退维谷 10)​ That fellow is always an easy-going guy. He always throws her cares to the winds.　无忧无虑；把烦恼抛至九霄云外 11)​ The young girl thumbed her way to the passing cars. 搭车 3.3增词 (Amplification) 增词指翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加，使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格，又能符合译入语的表达习惯。 １、根据背景知识增补 1)​ 世纪伟人邓小平Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the great figures in the twentieth century 2)​ 班门弄斧show off one’s proficiency with axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter 3)​ 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses Zhuge Liang, the master mind. ２、根据逻辑关系需要增补汉语重义合、英语重形合。增加连词成分 ３、根据语法需要增补 １）增加量词 an elephant a martial music Soon the whole sky is azure and flaming.不一会儿，万里晴空已是一片火红。 ２）增加时、体和语气（重点） Yesterday evening I had seen her on her knees in front of the house.昨天夜晚我曾看见她跪在房子前面。 The research work is being done by a small group of dedicated and imaginative scientists who specialize in extracting from various sea animals substances that may improve the health of the human race.正在进行 The surgeons weren’t sure how long my new joints would last. But they’re holding up fine. 那些外科医生（当时）不能肯定我的新关节可以维持多久，但是它们（至今还是）运转良好。 It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time, as all did, since I had voluntarily come to church. 既然我来教堂出于自愿，仅仅为了礼貌起见，我（本应当）和大家一起下跪。 She would spend hours dressing herself in fine clothes, and brushing her black hair. Then she would stand by the mirror and admire herself. 她（总是）要花好几个小时为自己盛装打扮，梳理她乌黑的头发。之后她还（常常）照着镜子自我欣赏一番。 I have had the joy of two beautiful and wonderful wives, the happiness of parenthood and the love of eight children.我有幸（先后）获得两位美丽贤惠的妻子带来的幸福，体验过为人之父的乐趣和八个子女的爱。 ３）增加适当词语区别单复数 The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。 The slogan “Press on” has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race. “坚持下去”的口号已经解决并将继续解决人类的各种问题。 Now, years later, that evening’s loveliness——I so nearly missed——is one of my most cherished memories. 如今多少年过去了，那个我差点失之交臂的迷人傍晚，如今却成了我最珍贵的记忆。 She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea. 她热情地将客人们迎了进来，然后给他们各端上一杯茶。 ４）增补表达词 Fortune knocks at every man’s door once in a life, but in a good many cases, the man is in a neighboring saloon and does not hear her. 每一个人的一生中，幸运女神都只来敲一次门，可是许多情况下，那个受到眷顾的人竟在隔壁的酒馆里，听不见她敲门。 French managers are Napoleonic and their management style is imperial. 法国经理人是拿破仑式（内松外紧）的人物，有着帝王般的管理风格。 Long-stemmed models ankled through the lobby.身材修长的模特袅袅婷婷地从厅中走过。 具体译法 所谓具体译法，就是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象或比较抽象的单词、词组、成语或句子用具体或比较具体的单词、词组、成语或句子来进行翻译，从而消除或降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失，使译文产生与原文同样的效果。 A词缀法 -tion 作用；过程 We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water.我们决不能忽视水的蒸发作用。 erosion of steel　钢的腐蚀（作用） Many changes take place during the transformation.在转化过程中出现了许多变化。 During transportation, the driver should be careful.在驾驶过程中，司机要小心。 -ing 做法；行为 All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding.大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。 -ness 状态；气质；心情 We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.我们都被他那种崇高气质所深深打动。 humbleness　谦虚作风We all look down upon his humbleness.我们都看不起他这种贱相（卑微的态度）。 We have to do our utmost to ameliorate the backwardness of our nation. 我们必须全力以赴改变国家的落后面貌。 John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long.然而，约翰这种轻松愉悦的心情没有持续很久。 -ity 性；与-able和-tive相关 reasonability　合理性 sensibility　　合理性 sensitivity　　敏感性 creativity　　创造性 originality　　创造性 ingenuity　　创造性 readability　　可读性 flexibility　　柔韧性、可塑性、灵活性、延展性 B集合名词法 family 家庭 家庭成员 team, group, family, class, committee, community, city, country, world Our team is playing well.　今天我们对整体发挥的不错（隐含之意；对部分队员不满） Our team are playing well.　我们球队每个人都打疯了（隐含之意；对每个队员都非常满意） C比喻法 very timid 非常胆小 胆小如鼠 very strong 非常强壮 壮得像头牛 D成语法 a great and through-going change 巨大而彻底的变化 翻天覆地的变化 very anxious to return home 回家心切 归心似箭 ５）增补重复词（连词、承上启下的词、概括词） We have discussed our safety and sanitary regulations.我们已经讨论了安全规则和卫生规则。 We left so much in Vietnam——so much innocence, so many dreams, so many good men and women. 我们在越南失去的东西太多了——失去许许多多无辜的生命，失去许许多多美梦，失去许许多多善良的男男女女。 He had become a master of evasion: his main response to criticism is to threaten, filibuster and delay. 他已是个回避问题的老手：其回应批评的主要方法是一威胁、二阻挠、三拖延。 Mary was ready to go, but first she wanted her book to be in print. 玛丽准备走了，但先要目睹她那本书出版后才瞑目。 3.4减词 (Omission) 减词是指将原文中需要而译文中又不需要的词语省去。 ​ 从语法角度进行减省 冠词 连词 介词 代词 As a frequent moviegoer, I am keeping abreast of the latest development of Hollywood movies. 我是电影院里的常客，通晓好莱坞电影最新动态。 We can not discover any material in an element but itself. 在一个元素里，除元素本身外，不可能再发现其他物质。 I framed the words in my mind, “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?” 我心里在嘀咕：“对不起，我做了什么事冒犯了您？” As it is late, let us go to bed.不早了，睡吧 代词省略——抽象代词、泛指代词 1）​ 有些做宾语的代词 I am going to have it. 我想去吃 2）​ 泛指的英语人称代词做主语 3）​ 指代抽象名词的代词 Ford’s basic wage of $5 a day caused not only a wage explosion in the city, it also caused a population explosion. 4）​ 物主代词 5）​ 形式主语和形式宾语it ​ 从修饰角度进行减省 The hardest part of any big project is to begin.任何一个大项目最艰难的是起步。 There are plenty of opportunities to attend community events and volunteer your services. 参与社区活动以及提供志愿服务的机会多得很。 The problem of alternative fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach. 车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。 To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder.学习不容易，应用更不容易。 In mid-1977, world sea-going tonnage amounted to 338.5 million grt which reflects a rise of 5.8% in grt over mid-1976, compared with a corresponding increase of 9% from mid-1975 to mid-1976. 1977年年中，世界远洋船吨位共达 3.385 亿注册总吨，比 1976 年年中注册总吨增加了 5.8% ，而 1976 年年中比 1975 年年中注册总吨增加了 9% 。 3.5转换 (Shift of perspective) 大体可分为 7 种：①词类转换（转性）；②句子成分转换；③表达方式转换；④自然语序和倒装语序转换；⑤正面表达与反面表达转换；⑥主动语态与被动语态转换；⑦分句转换。 一、词类转换 1. 名词到动词 1）表示心理状态和观点表达的名词。 My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.我建议他立刻戒烟。 opinion thought objection refusal declaration declination proposal suggestion hope wish dream dread afraid worry 2)“七感”以及衍生名词 For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land. 数百万移民一踏上这块希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。 sight hearing touch smelling taste feeling hunch/intuition spectator audience Large numbers enjoy the spectator sports.许多人喜欢观看比赛。 3) 加er或or结尾的动词派生词，不表示身份或职业，而有较强的动作意味。 a fast runner跑得很快, a smart learner学得很快 a good liar你真会说谎 a bad kisser你吻技真差 You are such a loser! 你真逊！ 4) 四大基本趋势以及任何表示动态变化的名词 increase decrease stabilization fluctuation The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years. 在过去的 20 年当中，美国航空业迅猛发展。 extension concentration dilution growth boom prosperity 2. 介词到动词 1) off 脱离；离开；出去；走了 2）beyond 超过 The book is beyond my understanding.我根本读不懂这本书。 The classroom is beyond its maximum seating capacity.这个教室坐不下那么多人。 Beyond paradise 3) above / below超过/ 低于 It’s below the average level. 4) with /without 具有；拥有/缺乏；没有 5）from/to 包括；如 the developing countries from China to Brazil包括中国、巴西在内的发展中国家 from derive from 来源于 free from脱离 to gift to you赠与；给 6）over　战胜 The victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil.正义战胜了专断行为，理智战胜了堕落和盲目，民主战胜了帝国主义，善战胜了恶。 7) under 客观的具有；under the policy under the assumption 中国政府无义务承诺The Chinese government is under no obligation to 8）during 赶上 During the 10th anniversary of our corporation’s founding, I’d like to have 35% off the original price. 3. 形容词和副词互转 Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad. 我国政府十分关心海外侨胞。 4. 动词到名词 Our proposal was warmly welcomed by all the representatives.我们的提议得到了全体代表的热烈欢迎。 The girl impressed her relatives’ favorably with her vivacity and sense of humor. 这个女孩以她的活泼和幽默感给她亲戚们留下了极好的印象。 The visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday. 上周日，来访客和陪同人员一起参观了黄鹤楼。 二、句子成分转换 句子成分转换是指英语中的某一句子成分已成汉语时转换成另一种句子成分。 １、主语和宾语转换 有灵动词：有生命的主语接 无灵动词：无生命的主语接 American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson. 托马斯·杰斐逊对美国的教育事业做出巨大贡献。 Her presence of mind had not completely deserted her; but she could not have trusted herself to speak. 她虽没有完全失去镇静，可是却又找不出话可说。 Brussels fell to him on September 3 and Antwerp the next day. 他于 9 月 3 日攻克了布鲁塞尔，次日又拿下了安特卫普。 ２、定语和宾语转换 Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.自建国以来，每一代美国人都被要求宣誓效忠于祖国。 3、定语和状语转换 He will give an immediate reply.他会立即答复。 三、表达方式转换 score, dozen, decade, quarter Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.87年 She will be back in the last ten days of June.六月下旬 During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and storm.年轻时 His father is in his sixties.年逾花甲 She has been a widow only for six months.他丈夫死了不到半年。 Our men’s wear 25% discount.七五折 You are quite a stranger here.　这里的人不认识你 There used to be a river here two centuries back of this.　两个世纪以前 I’m low IQ, you know.　我很笨； low EQ(吃不开)；low AQ(沉不住气) There is always a place for you at your table.请你随时来吃便饭。 四、正面表达与反面表达转换——正反译法 有些从正面表达的东西在汉语中却习惯从反面来表达，而有些从反面表达的东西在汉语中却习惯从正面来表达。这就是我们通常所说的“正反译法”。 ​ 英语正面表达转换为汉语反面表达 frost-free refrigerator无霜冰箱 duty-free zone免税区 carefree无忧无虑的 Wet paint!油漆未干！ Stop talking nonsense!别胡扯了！ He yelled “Freeze!”他大喝一声：“不许动！” Keep off the lawn!请勿践踏草坪！ I failed to understand your meaning.我弄不懂你的意思。 The coffee is too sweet to bear.咖啡甜得让人受不了。 Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?你想知道她为什么不想见到你？ Her husband hates to see her stony face.她丈夫不愿意见到她那张面无表情的脸。 A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards.行为不检点的人，日后往往要后悔。 The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin. 这个调皮的男孩很不老实，他的借口一点也站不住脚。 You have roused my curiosity. And now you must gratify it. 你现在已经激起我的好奇心了，那现在你别在卖关子了。 Appearances are often deceptive.外表往往是靠不住的。 At the news of his father’s death, he remained quiet for several days. 一听到他父亲的死讯，他好几天一言不发。 ​ 英语反面表达转换为汉语正面表达 I adhered to all the courtesies I had been taught. This frustrated my son to no end. 我遵从所有我学过的礼貌和规矩，这使我儿子大为失望。　 You can’t be too careful.你越仔细越好。 We could not be more mistaken.我们大错特错。 The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it. 到目前为止，联合国辜负了世界人民寄予的希望。 For three weeks I held both jobs, working from eight in the morning until midnight. Never in my life have I been happier.三周来我身兼两职，每天从早上八点一直工作到午夜。我的一生中以那段时光最为快乐。 五、被动语态与主动语态转换（转态译法） 1、被动到主动 1）​ 多种被动词 “受……”、“遭……”、“由……”、“给……”、“为……所……”、“予以……”、“加以……” He was released immediately after Oct 7.一过十月七号，他获释了。 He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility.据说他为邓（小平）的灵活态度所感动 2）​ 省略被动词（同时可以作及物、不及物的词） The risk of global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced.全球核冲突的危险性已经大大减小了。 （注意：在此been可以删除，四大趋势的词都可同样使用） Over 700 of the world’s finest footballers were gathered in Japan and South Korea for the 17th World Cup tournament.700多名世界顶尖足球运动员聚集在日本和韩国参加第17届世界杯比赛。 3）​ 主被交换 a)​ 主语+谓语+状语 结构的被动句，结构调整为：状语+谓语+宾语（原主语）， Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI.一战前好莱坞首次制作了电影。 b)​ 主语（受动者）+谓语+（by）施动者 结构的被动句, 处理为施动者+谓语+受动者的主动结构 The mobile phone boom is driven by the young adults.年轻人推动了移动电话市场的繁荣。 4）​ 形式主语法 “据……” It is said that… 据说…… It is reported that… 据报道…… It is calculated that… 据统计…… 不定代词 “有人”、“大家”、“人们” It is believed that… 有人（我们、人们）相信（认为）…… It is generally considered that… 大家认为…… It is well-known… 众所周知…… It is rarely known… 鲜为人知…… 2、主动到被动 1)​ 马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树。The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees. 2)​ 我也佩服你的见解。I was also struck by your suggestions. 3)​ 全国人民所渴望的政治协商会议现在开幕了。 The Political Consultative Conference so eagerly awaited by the whole nation is herewith inaugurated. 4)​ 全国同胞们，中华人民共和国现已宣告成立。 Fellow-countrymen, the founding of the People’s Republic of China is proclaimed. 3.6归化 (Adaptation) 由于文化上的差异，英译汉时有时直译原文就会使译入语读者感到费解，甚至误解。这时，就有必要借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。 常用于翻译成语、典故、形象词等文化色彩较浓的表达方式 1)​ have a wolf by the ears 骑虎难下 2)​ to be cut at elbows 捉襟见肘 3)​ at sword’s points 强烈分歧 4)​ Give a dog an ill name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患无词 5)​ A little pot is soon hot 量小易怒 6)​ I don’t understand how he can think she is good-looking, but beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 我不知道他怎么会认为她好看呢，但是情人眼里出西施。 7)​ He may always possess merits which make up for everything; if he loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts.他也许总是保持着弥补一切的优点，失之东隅的，他可以收之桑榆。 8)​ It was a case of diamond cut diamond. They thought they were going to beat Barcelona. In fact they lost the game 0:3.强中自有强中手，他们以为可以痛宰巴塞罗那，事实上他们0：3惨败。 9)​ All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day they’ll come out on top. 你只有破釜沉舟跟他们拚，或许有朝一日会出头的。 10)​ The students must be enjoying the speech, because they’re laughing their heads off. 学生们笑得前仰后合，他们一定是很欣赏这个演讲。 3.7切分 (Division) 所谓切分就是指根据汉语的句法特点，把英语的句子分解成两个或两个以上的单位，以求译文在正确传达原文的思想内容的前提上明白晓畅。 ​ 单词分译 单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词分译成一个句子。 目的：1、句法上的需要 2、修辞上的需要 1)​ At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它安全，不招风险。 2)​ The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants. 每个帐篷内怎么布置，这就要看各个使用者的性格了。 3)​ Aunt Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said. 朱莉亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的人打听加布里埃尔刚才说了些什么，却没有问出个所以然来。 4)​ The American commander, Admiral Nimitz, was understandably reluctant to join the battle. 美军司令上将尼米兹怠于出战，这是可以理解的。 ​ 短语分译 短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。 1)​ The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable, and the transfer must take immediate and permanent effect. 直接赠与的意向必须明白无误，转让行为必须立即产生效力，且该效力应具有永久性。 2)​ Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old. 3)​ 这座桥是1192年修建的，至今已经有700多年的历史了。 4)​ Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants. 离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特街。那儿有十几家民族餐馆，热闹得如同第二个唐人街。 ​ 句子分译 句子分译可以分为简单句的分译，并列复合句的分译，主从复合句的分译以及长句的分译。 1)​ His wealth enables him to do everything.他有钱，什么事都能干。 2)​ His contemptuous attitude towards us is contemptible.他以藐视的态度对待我们，这种态度是可鄙的。 3.8合并 (Combination) 主要是中译英 First Enron was a company. Then it was a scandal. Now it is a transitive verb. “安然”起初是一家公司的名字，然后成了一桩丑闻的代名词，现在又用作一个及物动词。 第四章 汉译英翻译重点 英、汉当中语言的类型特点： 1、汉语：语意性语言，力求考究字与语意及其相关关系，注意内容的意会性，其句法特点是：主语可以由不同类别的词语担当，主语隐含、不显或无主语的情况时常可见，谓语成分比较复杂，且不受主语支配，没有人称、数、时态的变化，句与句之间多无明示逻辑关系的连接词，汉语句子看似松散，如流水般无定式可依。 2、英语：语法性语言，重点研究主谓、序列及其相关词类，句子结构受形式逻辑制约，注重形式严谨，其句法特征是：主语突出，易于识别，只能由名词或名词性的词语担当，谓语绝对受主语支配，在人称和数上面必须与主语保持一致，有时态、语态和语气的变化，句与句之间都与明示逻辑关系的连接词相连，英语依法构句，形式完整而严密。英语是主语显著语，英语构建在主谓轴上，确定主谓语是成功构句、保证译文与原文功能相似、语意相符的关键。 4.1主语的确定 ​ 原文主语作主语：场合有限 ​ 重新确定主语 （比较翻译） 1)​ 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 a)​ The turn of the century finds China most attractive on the diplomatic arena. b)​ At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. 中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China. China has witnessed tremendous changes. 2)​ 一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 a.​ China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. b.​ In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly. 3)​ 胎又瘪了。 a.​ We’ve got another flat tire. b.​ Our tire is flat again. 4)​ 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 a. It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. b. We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints. ​ 增补主语 1、​ 推敲语境 2、​ 考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要 沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。 Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence! 起大风了。It’s blowing hard. 用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。 You realize your ideals through labor and you guide your labor by ideals. 1)​ 中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪的驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。 a.​ The ship of China’s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization. b.​ China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization. 2)​ 我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。 a.​ The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers. b.​ Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers. 3)​ 他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快就赢得了大家的信任。 a.​ His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust. b.​ He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone, so he won their trust. 4)​ 中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。 a.​ A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries. b.​ The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries. 5)​ 轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。 a.​ The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve. b.​ Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and quality and richer variety. 6)​ 楼的质量不好。 a.​ The building is not well built. b.​ The quality of the building is poor. 天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。 Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight. 真是太荒谬了。It’s utterly absurd. 只有冷静才能成功。Success depends on calm minds. 端午节吃粽子。On the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat zongzi. 上海近几年发生的巨大变化赢得了全世界人民的赞叹。 That