【霡霂分享】西班牙旅游手册の绿色西班牙【英语EN】

G re en S pa in Sp ai n Galicia Asturias Cantabria The Basque Country G re en S pa in Sp ai n I EUROPEAN COMMUNITY European Regional Development Fund U S E F U L A D D R E S S E S U S E F U L A D D R E S S E S UNITED STATES OF AMERICA www.spain.info/us Los Angeles. Tourist Office of Spain 8383 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 960. Beverly Hills California 90211 % 1323 658 71 95 ) 1323 658 10 61 e-mail: losangeles@tourspain.es Chicago. Tourist Office Of Spain. Water Tower Place, Suite 915 East. 845 North Michigan Avenue. Chicago Ill 60 611 % 1312 642 19 92 ) 1312 642 98 17 e-mail: chicago@tourspain.es Miami. Tourist Office of Spain. 1395 Brickell Avenue. Miami Florida 33131 % 1305 358 19 92 ) 1305 358 82 23 e-mail: miami@tourspain.es Nueva York. Tourist Office of Spain 666 Fifth Avenue 35 th floor. New York NY 10103 % 1212 265 88 22 ) 1212 265 88 64 e-mail: nuevayork@tourspain.es Embassies in Madrid Canada. Núñez de Balboa, 35 - 3º % 914 233 250 ) 914 233 251 Japan. Serrano, 109 % 915 907 600 ) 915 901 321 Republic of Ireland. Claudio Coello, 73. % 915 763 500 ) 914 351 677 Russia. Velázquez, 155 % 915 622 264 ) 915 629 712 United Kingdom. Fernando el Santo, 16 % 913 190 200 ) 913 081 033 United States of America. Serrano, 75 % 915 872 200 ) 915 872 303 GALICIA Directorate General of Tourism Plaza de Mazarelos, 15. 15703 Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña) % 981 546 351 ) 981 546 356 Directorate General of Mountains % 981 546 809 Rural Tourism Central Reservation Service % 902 200 432 Paradors A Coruña. Parador de Ferrol % 981 356 720 Parador Hostal de los Reyes Católicos, Santiago de Compostela % 981 582 200 Lugo. Parador de Monforte de Lemos % 982 418 484 Parador de Ribadeo % 982 128 825 Villalba % 982 510 011 Ourense. Parador de Verín % 988 410 075 Parador de Santo Estevo % 988 010 110 Pontevedra. Parador de Baiona % 986 355 000 Parador de Cambados % 986 542 250 Parador de Pontevedra % 986 855 800 Parador de Tui % 986 600 309 ASTURIAS Directorate General of Tourism Eduardo Herrera “Herrerita”, s/n. 33006 OVIEDO. % 985 106 435 ) 985 166 445 www.asturias.es Directorate General of Natural Resources Coronel Aranda, 2ª planta% 985 279 100 Paradors Parador de Cangas de Onís % 985 849 402 Parador de Gijón % 985 370 511 CANTABRIA Directorate General of Tourism C/ Miguel Artigas, 4 39002 Santander % 942 208 308 ) 942 208 286 Directorate General of Mountains and Nature Conservation % 942 207 594 Lodging Reservation Center % 901 111 112 Rural Tourism % 942 217 000 Maritime Line % 942 360 611 Paradors. Parador de Fuente Dé % 942 736 651 Parador de Santillana Gil Blas% 942 028 028 Parador de Santillana del Mar % 942 818 000 Parador de Limpias % 942 628 900 THE BASQUE COUNTRY Department of Industry, Commerce and Tourism Donostia-San Sebastián, 1 01010 Vitoria/Gasteiz % 945 019 943 ) 945 019 931 Nature Reserve Information Álava-Araba. % 945 181 818 ) 945 181 754 Bizkaia. % 944 068 000 ) 946 083 756 Gipuzkoa. % 943 112 111 ) 943 429 291 Agroturismo (Rural Tourism) % 902 120 031 Maritime Line. Bilbao-Portsmouth % 944 234 477 Paradors. Parador de Argómaniz, Álava % 945 293 200 Parador de Hondarribia, Gipuzkoa % 943 645 500 TEXT: César Justel TRANSLATION: J. West DESIGN: Koldo Fuentes LAYOUT: Opción K, Comunicación Visual, S.L. PHOTOGRAPHS: TURESPAÑA Archives PUBLISHED BY: © TURESPAÑA Secretaría de Estado de Turismo Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio PRINTED BY: AGSM S.A. D. L.: AB-478-2009 NIPO: 704-09-409-2 Printed in Spain 6th Edition Cubierta Verde Ingles.qxp:Cubierta Verde Ingles.qxp 25/9/09 11:43 Página 1 Index Galicia 4 20 28 36 Cantabria Asturias The Basque Country Spain 1 Introduction 2 32 he northern coast of Spain is the consecration of the color green. From the meadows of the interior, right up to the borders of the cliffs, all things take on a shade of green. The price is a constant fine rain that nourishes the land, brings harmony to the landscape, and maintains the hydrographic balance. Craggy mountains loom over the Atlantic Ocean and the Cantabrian Sea, which have chiseled spectacular cliffs, producing small sheltered ports, beaches of fine sand, and secluded coves above which sea gulls soar. Its inhabitants –Celts, Asturians, Cantabrians, and Basques– protected by nature, have withstood the advances of Rome, the Arabs, as well as invaders that came by sea. In Galicia, Santiago emerged as a focal point for Christian pilgrimages. In Asturias, the Reconquest began; the struggle against the Arab invaders that lasted almost seven centuries. From Cantabria, the foramontanos departed in the 9th century to repopulate Castile, devastated by war. In the Basque country, the oldest language known in the western world has been preserved: Euskera. It was easier to reach these four communities of the northern coast by sea. The mountainous regions of the interior, covered with forests and with almost no roads, were crossed by few travellers –most of them trekking to Santiago de Compostela– and these isolated areas have preserved not only their landscapes but also their customs and traditions. Sea-faring and agricultural lands, a journey through «Green Spain» will please even the most demanding visitor. T Galicia Asturias Cantabria The Basque Country 4 n the northwest corner of the Iberian peninsula, embraced by a sea filling it with fjord-like rías (estuaries), beaches and islands, and surrounded by mountains that have isolated it throughout history –with the exception of the pilgrimage roads– we find this lush green land of almost 30,000 square kilometers (18,500 square miles) divided into four provinces: A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra. Of the four, Ourense is the only landlocked province but, as compensation, it boasts the highest mountains. The symbols of Galicia include the cruceiro, an elaborately carved stone cross on a tall column (for praying), and the hórreo (for storing grain), sheds made of stone or wood with narrow slits, raised on stilts; symbols which could be interpreted as the spirit and the substance. But in order to better understand Galicia, its small villages must be contemplated shrouded in a fine mist; a landscape which has remained unchanged for centuries. I G A L I C I A Castrelo de Miño 7 OURENSE Roman historians tell about the first legionary forces that came ashore here. Upon their arrival at the lagoon of Antela in the region of A Limia, the dense fog caused them to believe they had reached the Lethe, the river of forgetfulness in Hades according to Greek mythology, and they refused to continue. The Proconsul in command had to cross the river first by himself and call to the soldiers from the other side to prove it was only an ordinary river. Today the lagoon of Antela, once one of the largest wetlands in the peninsula, no longer exists, and a large part of the legends surrounding it have disappeared along with it. But the ecological importance of this region of Baixa Limia continues to be great, and it is one of the richest ecosystems in Galicia due to the abundance of species of birds that nest here, including the gray heron, the stork, and a large number of anatidae. Nearby, we find Monterrei castle, one of the best preserved in all Galicia. But the loveliest region in Ourense is Ribeira Sacra, so-named because of the numerous monasteries erected along the banks of the river Sil from the 6th to the 12th centuries. The most important ones are the Monasteries of San Estevo, San Pedro de Rocas, Santa Cristina de Ribas de Sil, Santa María de Xunqueira, and Santa María de Montederramo. Here we come upon Sil Canyon, the most spectacular one in Galicia, a unique and privileged setting that surely caused the monks to choose such charming spots for retreat. PONTEVEDRA Monte Aloia, near the fortress-city of Tui, was the first site in Galicia to be declared a nature park and is an excellent scenic lookout for contemplating the Ría de Vigo and the valley of the Louro river, which owes its name to the large gold nuggets once found on its riverbed. Further north, this river forms the Gándaras de Budiño lagoons and boasts one of the largest prehistoric finds in all Galicia, as well as an important bird observatory. The Louro flows into the Miño River providing a natural boundary with Portugal. Galicia is a land of a thousand rivers, and the Miño, flowing through three of its four provinces, is its principal artery. Along its banks, we encounter the remains of fortresses, Romanesque churches, hermitages, stone crosses, numerous vineyards (remember, this is wine country), and right at the mouth of the river, the Celtic hut of Santa Tegra. One of the prehistoric paintings here may possibly represent the oldest «map» in the Western world depicting the mouth of the Miño river and Santa Tegra mountain. This area of the Miño is an important haven for aquatic birds, and the vegetation primarily consists of pine trees. Overlooking the Atlantic Ocean and at the foot of Santa Tegra, we find A Guarda, famous for its lobsters. From here, skirting up the jagged coast, we reach the Cistercian monastery of Santa María de Oia, where monks once hid cannons in the bell tower to use against invaders. Further north, we come to Baiona, a busy tourist town; the impressive circuit of walls of Monterreal (three kilometers of walls), has now been converted to a Tourist Parador. Between Baiona and Vigo, Miño River in Ourense Ribeira Sacra along Sil River Pontevedra Ría Galicia 98 there are numerous beaches of fine white sand: Playa América, Panxón, Canido, Senil. In the interior, herds of wild horses graze, and at the beginning of summer, they are brought in to be branded and have their manes cut; this colorful rapa das bestas (wild horse roundup) usually ends with a romería (pilgrimage or celebration at a local shrine). The coast of Pontevedra is generally craggy, but here we can also find the Rías Baixas with lovely peaceful beaches. Legend says these estuaries are the sign left by the fingers of God when he cleansed after creating the earth. At the mouth of the Ría de Vigo, we encounter the Cíes Islands (National Park), discovered by the Phoenicians. They were a gathering place at one time for hippies, but now the several small isles form a National Park with beaches of white sand that can be reached by boat from Vigo. Proceeding towards the capital Pontevedra bordering the Morrazo peninsula, there are secluded places, including the coves of Aldán, Bueu and San Simón, the extraordinary stone cross of Hio, (the loveliest in all Galicia) and closing off the estuary, the Ons Islands, Onza and Onceta with interesting fauna, especially the cormorant. Combarro, a short distance from Pontevedra, has the best assembly of hórreos (granaries) in Galicia, along with stone crosses. Nearby, at the Monastery of Poio, Saint Trahamunda was laid to rest; legend says she is able to cure all types of deafness. Further north is the Monastery of A Armenteira, surrounded by legends of a monk who spent 300 years bewitched by a bird's song. Continuing along the coast, we come to the nature reserves of A Lanzada and O Grove, famous for their beaches and waters with healing properties. Afterwards, we find Vilanova, now connected by a bridge to Arousa Island. A CORUÑA The next place of interest is Padrón, a town which received its name from the mooring stone or pedrón where the boat anchored bearing the remains of the Apostle Saint James (Santiago in Spanish). This was the origin of the pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela, a city which is now the capital of the Galician autonomy. After skirting along the Coruña part of the estuary, we come to A Pobra do Caramiñal, the «balcony of the Arousa estuary». Along the way, we have passed Catoira, where an interesting Viking romería takes place the first Sunday in August, while beaches of golden sand and pine trees can be seen in the background. Nearby is another nature park, the Corrubedo Dunes, consisting of large expanses of sand called arenales where we find the highest dune in the northern part of the peninsula. One of the best scenic views can be enjoyed from the Pico Curotíña, another nature reserve. At the end of the estuary which bears its name, after passing through the charming town of Porto do Son, is Noia. Legends tell that it is one of the three cities founded in Spain by Tubal, grandson of Noah (the others are Noega in Asturias and Noja in Cantabria). Its cemetery with Medieval tombstones merits a visit. Scattered on a hill, we encounter the town of Muros, which preserves an impressive figure of Christ salvaged from a shipwreck. Galician Granaries in Combarro Milladoiro Cross in Noia Enclosed Glass Balconies in A Coruña Cathedral in Santiago de Compostela GaliciaGalicia 11 Next comes Monte O Pindo, at the beginning of the «Punta das Cabras», where the Xallas river spills forth in a magnificent waterfall, the most spectacular one in Galicia, only a short distance from the sea. An important archeological site, it is also considered to be magical. When gazing upon the enormous rocks, it is not hard to imagine the area pervaded by magic. In this area, the coast is rugged and the sea, tumultuous, causing numerous shipwrecks and earning it the name of the Costa da Morte (Coast of Death). At dusk, when the mist comes in, it is easy to understand why Cabo Fisterra (Land’s End) was considered the end of the world and was a religious mecca like San Andrés de Teixido was later, and Santiago de Compostela continues to be. Afterwards, we find Muxía (with its swinging stone), Camariñas (famous for its laces), Cabo Vilán (declared a nature park), Laxe and Malpica. Near the latter, off San Adrián cape, we encounter the Sisargas Islands with their legends of snakes and an important reserve for marine animals. Via Carballo, which boasts a health spa with healing sodium- sulphurous waters, we arrive at the capital, A Coruña, and its beaches, each one as lovely as the next; Riazor, Orzán, San Amaro and Santa Cristina. Nearby is the sea-faring town of Sada, and only 24 kilometers away, Betanzos, the Roman Brigantium, many say was founded by the legendary Celtic hero, Breogan. Nearby, we find the A Mariña marshes, another of the important nature reserves. From Betanzos, passing Pontedeume and its long beach of Cabanas, we arrive at Ferrol. High above, protecting the estuary, rises a famous shrine housing the miraculous Christ of Chamorro, protector of sailors. A short distance away, we find the lagoon and arenal of Valdoviño, a sandy expanse with dunes and aquatic birds. Here the Rías Altas (Upper Estuaries) begin with colder water than the Lower Estuaries but lovelier beaches. By a road half hidden in the mountain, we arrive at Cedeira, an important fishing port, as well as a summer vacation resort. About twelve kilometers away (only seven by the old dos romeiros road), we find San Andrés de Teixido, a place every Galician must visit at least once in a lifetime if he does not want to be a soul in Purgatory (an old saying alleges that to San Andrés go the dead who have not gone during their lifetime). It was the most important pilgrimage destination in Spain before Santiago de Compostela. It is still possible to see on both sides of the road, amilladoiros made with stones thrown by the pilgrims, stones that on Final Judgement day «will speak» to tell who has fulfilled their promise of going to San Andrés. Here the namoradoira plant grows which is said to solve problems of love. Here we find the Serra de Capelada and the nature reserves of Ortigueira beach and the cape of Estaca de Bares, where the Atlantic meets the Cantabrian Sea. Stone Cross and Beach at Fisterra Cabo Vilán Galicia 10 12 LUGO The Sor river separates the province of A Coruña from Lugo province, the largest in Galicia. We now enter a land of valleys separated by mountains with forests of oak, pine and eucalyptus trees. The first important place we come to is Viveiro, and next is Chavín, with the oldest eucalyptus tree in Spain and the tallest trees (the tallest is the 64 meter/210 feet El Abuelo meaning The Grandfather). Nearby, there are three nature reserves of great interest: the Coelleira and Ansarón Islands, and the Sor estuary. In Coelleira, there are 25 varieties of sea gulls and migratory birds that stop here on route from Greenland to Africa. Continuing our journey, we arrive at the beach of Covas with sand so fine that it is impossible to hold it in a closed fist. The best view of the coast can be enjoyed atop the Nain. Everywhere you look there are beaches: San Cibrao, Cangas, Nois, Forxan, Foz... and pine trees and meadows among the rocky places. Not too far away, we find Sargadelos, which started out manufacturing cannons and ended up making famous porcelain. Near Foz is the Monastery of San Martín de Mondoñedo and, higher up, a small Romanesque hermitage from where it is said Bishop San Gonzalo sank the Norman fleet using only Hail Marys in the 9th century; one boat for each Hail Mary. Finally, we arrive at the endmost beaches of Lugo, such as As Catedrais in Ribadeo and the nature reserve of the Ría del Eo, a river of salmon and dwelling place for aquatic birds, bordering on Asturias. You can follow two routes inland: one from the Monastery of Meira at the source of the Miño river to the Serra de O Courel, where centuries of isolation have allowed the preservation of a privileged landscape, passing through the Serra de Os Ancares and their pallozas (conical- shaped houses made of stone with thatched roofs); areas inhabited by capercaillie (large grouse), wolves and roe deer. The other route begins in Mondoñedo, cradle of spirituality of the Galician soul, Vilalba, a thriving economic center, and Monforte de Lemos, an important communications center. COSTA DA MORTE (COAST OF DEATH) This is the name given to the inhospitable stretch of coast in the province of A Coruña between Cabo Fisterra and the Sisargas Islands. It has acquired this name because of the number of ships that have smashed upon its reefs. The area is filled with reminders of old shipwrecks, such as the beach dos difuntos queimados near Camariñas, called this because they had to burn numerous corpses washed up by the sea; or the pedra do almirante, marking the spot where one of the ships from the Invincible Armada was destroyed. Other places that have suffered tragedies caused by the sea are Fisterra, Muxía, Camelle, Laxe and Corme. We must not forgot the legendary city of Duio, located near Fisterra, which actually existed. According to legend, it was entombed by the sea two thousand years ago on account of the sins of its citizens. All of this region was inhabited during ancient times, as evidenced by the numerous dolmens, such as Pedra Cuberta, Pedra da Arca, Freans or Dombate. RAPA DAS BESTAS Beginning the first Sunday in May and up until the second Sunday in July, the regions in Galicia with wild horses celebrate the traditional rapa das bestas (wild horse roundup). A Valga, Torroña, Mougás, Morgadáns, Amil and Sabucedo in Pontevedra. O Barbanza and A Capelada in A Coruña, and Candaoso in Lugo are the most well-known. The process is always the same. At dawn, the horses that roam free the rest of the year are gathered by horsemen and led to curros (stone enclosures). Here the colts are branded and manes and tales are cut. Then after the sale of a few of them, the rest are released until the next year. Traditional Celtic Houses at Serra dos Ancares, Piornedo Wild Horse Roundup Galicia 15 FESTIVALS IN GALICIA – Carnival: Entroido in Xinzo de Limia (Ourense) and Entroido de Laza, Verín (Ourense). – Holy Week: Viveiro (Lugo) and Ferrol (A Coruña), Romería del Santo Cristo in Fisterra (A Coruña) on Easter Sunday. – May: Ribeiro wine celebration in Ribadavia (Ourense). – Corpus Christi: flower carpets (in the