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语言分析促进交流

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语言分析促进交流 科技信息 人文社科 BetterCommunicationwiththeAnalysisoftheMain SocialFactorsWhichAffectOurWayofOurSpeech 浙江师范大学外语学院 金华职业技术学院国际商务学院 张 蕾 [Abstract]Thepaperanalyzesthemainsocialfactorswhichaffectthewayofourspeech,suchasregion,special class,age,sexandethnicity.Ikcauseofthes...
语言分析促进交流
科技信息 人文社科 BetterCommunicationwiththeAnalysisoftheMain SocialFactorsWhichAffectOurWayofOurSpeech 浙江师范大学外语学院 金华职业技术学院国际商务学院 张 蕾 [Abstract]Thepaperanalyzesthemainsocialfactorswhichaffectthewayofourspeech,suchasregion,special class,age,sexandethnicity.Ikcauseofthesefactors,peoplewiUadoptdifferentwaysofspeech,formalorinfor— mal.Thus,wecancommumcatewitheachotherbetter. 0|(eywords]F8ctorwayOfSpeechDifference 1.IⅡtrOductiOn Itisclearthatnoteveryonespeaksalike,weareallaware thatpresidentGeorge.W.BushFromKansasspeaksdifferently thanpresidentBillClintonfrom.Texas.Thewayofspeech whichisadoptedbyafive—year—oldchildisdifferentfrom thatbyatwenty—year—01dyoungman.Thewayofspeech variesfromamantoawoman.Usuallypeople8peakdifferent— ly,becauseoftheplace,theirsocialclass,age,sexandethnic.In ordertohavebettercommunication,wemustleamthesefactors whichaffectthewayof8peech. 2.F扯tOrs 2.10fregion5 Languagesvaryinmanyways.onewayofcharacterizingis ofregion.C宅rtainvariationistosayspeakersof8particularlan— guagesometime8speakdifferentdialectofthatlanguage.Ac— cordingtoarcheologicalfindings,populationstudies,written records,etc,languagedifferentiateinternaUyasspeakersdis— tancethemselvesfromoneanotherovertimeandspace;the changesresultinthecreationofdiaIectofthelanguages.So LatinbecameFrenchinFrance,SpanishinSpain,ItalianinI— taly,andsoon.Forexample,theBritishandAmericanvari— eties,ordiaIectsofEnglishareseparatedbypoliticalindepen— denceandbytheAtlantic0cean.Manydifferencesappearbe— tweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.Americanssay d蛆ce[d蕾ns],&ndinsouthernEnglandtheysay[da:ns].In Americatheypronouncenot[nat]}insouthernEnglandmey 8ay[not].American8talkabout”fall”whichwasused300years agobytheEn91ish,whiletheEnglishchangeitinto”autumn”. IIlmanycases,youcanknowwherethepersonisfrom,judging bythesentences”Shehasaninterestingbook.””Shehasgot aninterestingbook.” ItisthesamefortheChinese.Peopleindifferentplaces speakdifferentPutonghua.h1spiteofthesedifferences,peopIe almosthavenotdifficultyinunderstandingeachother. 2.20fclass wehavealreadynotedthatthewayyouspeakmaypro、ride clues,intermsofregionalaccentordialect,towhereyouspent mostofyourearlylife.However,yourspeechmayalsocontain anumberoffeatureswhichareunrelatedtoregionalvariation. TwopeoplegrowingupiIlthe8amegeographicalarea,atthe sametime,mayspeakdifferently,becauseofanumberofsocial factors:itisinlportantnottooverlookthissoci8laspectoflan— guage.EIecause,证manyways,speechisaformofsocialidentity andisu3ed,consciouslyorunconsciously,toindicatemember— shipofdifferentsocialgroupsordifferentspeechconlmunities. Peoplefromdifferentbackground.suchaseducation,occupa— tion,income,power,speakdifferentIy. Thesocialclassesaredividedintotwogroupsofmiddle— classpeople(middle—middleandlowermiddIe)andthree groupsofworking—cIasspeople(upper,middleandworking). Socialclasscanbecomputedinseveralways,basedonemploy— ment,amountofeducation,incomeorvariouscombinationsof these.Insomedialectsurveys,ithasbeenfoundthat,among thoseleavingtheeducationalsystematanearlyage,thereisa greatertendencytousewhicharerelativelyinfrequentinthe speechofthosewhogoontocoUege.Expressionssuchasthose containedin”Thembigboysbethrowingtheballand⋯”are muchmorecommoninthespeechoftheformergroupthanthe latter.StandardEngli8hisspokenbywell—educated,people throughouttheworld.TheuppercIassprefertheuseofsittiIlg —room,1avatory,bag,sofar,relations”to”lounge,toilet,hand— bag,settee,relatives”usedbylower—class.Inpronunciation[h] droppingoccursinlowersocialclassandunwell一educatedpeo— plewhileuppermiddlecIassspeakersinthatareatendedtopro— nouncefewer[r]soundsthanIowerworkingclassspeakers.” ing”forminlessformaIstyleismoreusedbyhighclassthan” in”forminlessfomalstyle. IfIamspeakingtomyboss,whoisworriedthat1willfail todoacertainjobwell,Imightsay”Iassureyou1willaccom— plishthistasksuccessfuUy.”IfIamspeakingtomyfriendun— derthe8amecircumstances,Imightsay”I’Ugetitdone,don’t sweatit.”Itisclearthatthew8yofspeechtoabossisdiffer— entfromtheonetoafriend.Theformerisformalandthelatter isinformal.Usually,weusemoreformallanguageinpublicfo. rums.(thebanksandschools)orwhenotherwiseseekingtoi— dentifywiththewidersocietyanditscenterofpowerandinnu— ence,waysofspeechdifferintermsoftheirprestigevaluein thecommunity,levelsofformality.orassociationwithvarious sociallydefinedgroups. 2.3Ofgender Therearedifferentwaysofspeechbetweenwomenand mentoo.WhatdifferencesthereareactuaIlydonotresultin twoseparateordifferentlanguages,butratheronelanguage withnoticeablesex—basedcharacteristics. Thedifferencesexistinphonology,morphology,Vocabu一 1ary.Womenoftenuse”mm”,”um,””huh”,”yes”,noddingto showtheyareinterestedinthetopic.Andtheyusemoretag que8tionsandquickerresponsetothequestion.They8eldomin— terruptthetalkandtryhereffortstoencouragethespeakerto continuethisspeech.Theirspeechisusuallymorevivid,more interestingandmoretrivial.Butmen’sspeechshow8theircon- fidence,directnessandpower. (下转第139页) 一137— 科技信总 人文社科 3.1。1男女生在外语认知风格上存在差异。 所谓认知风格,是指认知者对偏爱的信息加工方式。男女生 在生理、心理上不同的特征导致了他们在外语认知风格上的差 异。进行外语学习时,女生偏爱听学型学习,而男生偏爱运动感 知学习。女生多属于“场依存型”外语学习者,他们具体部分的逻 辑分析更精确。课堂回答问题时,男生多属于冲动型,他们反应 及时,发盲踊跃,不太注意语言表达的准确性.而女生多属于慎 思型,她们思考、等待的时候多,但给出的语言表达准确,正 确率高. 3.1.2男女生在学习策略的使用方面存在差异 语言学习策略是学习者为了使语言学习取得更好的效果而 采取的各种策略。一般认为女性使用学习策略比男性更频繁。 3.1.3男女生在外语学习能力方面存在差异 经研究发现,男女生在听力、语法、阅读和写作能力方面存 在明显的差异。男生的语法能力强于女生,其他方面女生明显超 过男生。 3.2基于性别差异的外语课堂教学 造成上述情况的原因,我已经在第二部分做过阐述,这里我 主要想在根据性别差异进行外语教学方面提自己的几点看法: 3.2.1重视性别差异,消除性别歧视,建立公平、积极的评 价机制. 作为教师,应了解不同性别学生的不同学习风格个策略,针 对差异组织教学活动,满足不同的发展,培养其自主学习能 力,以取得最佳的教学效果。 3.2.2开发女生的语言天赋,激发男生的成就动机。 女生的左脑优势决定了其语言优势.作为教师应倍加珍惜 女生的语言天赋,保持女生学习外语的兴趣。同时,教师也可利 用男生好胜心强的特点,激发其自我增强驱力,鼓励他们和女生 展开外语学习竞赛. 3.2.3利用优势互补,促进学习策略全面发展. 教师在充分了解男女生性别差异的基础上,应尽量多样化 的安排课堂活动,既要安排男生擅长的分析推理型活动,又要安 排女生擅长的综合概括活动。在课堂分组活动时,应注意男女搭 配,优势互补,发挥他们各自的优势,弥补自身的劣势,使他们得 到全面发展. 4结论 综上所述,随着社会语言学、语用学的发展,性别语言研究 越来越展现了他独特的魅力。性别差异因素渗透在语言学习的 各个方面,教师应从多方面、多角度观察学生,做到因“性”施教, 既要重视对其优点进行促进和强化,也要弥补各自的薄弱环节, 全方位地提高学生的学习效率。 参考文献 [1]Holmes,Janet.1995.women,Menandpoliteness[M]. LondonandNewYork:Longman. [2]JenniferCoate8(1993)Women,MenandLanguage, Longman. :3]Leech,G.1983.Principlesofpragmatics.London:Long— man. [4]白解红.性别语言文化与语用研究[M].长沙:湖南教育 出版社。2000.7. [5]程晓堂,郑敏.英语学习策略[M].北京外语教学与研究 出版社,2002. [6]类习英.性别差异,外语教学中不容忽视的因素[J].上 海师范大学学报,2006,(4). [7]黄崇岭.性别差异与大学外语教学[J].同济大学学报, 2004,(1). [8]许力生.话语风格上的性别差异研究[J].外国语,1997, (1). [9]张丽帆.性别差异与外语学习风格比较[J].长春师范学 院学报,2004,(1). [10]朱曼殊.心理语言学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社, 1990. (上接第137页) ThereisapatterndocumentedinAmeric蚍En91ishsoc砒 conte】【t8ofwomenco—operatiIlgand8eekingconnectionvia laIlgu89e,whereasmen盯emorecompetitiVeandcon∞med wi出power、,ialanguage.WomengeneraUydiscusstheirperson— aIfeeliIlgmoret舢mmen.Menappearprefernon—persomltop· ic3,suchas8portandnews. 2.4ofage Sometime5,thegrandparentscannotunderstandwhat theirgr姐dcllildren8ay.0nereasoni8thechoiceofvocabulary. Youngpeopleusemore8lar培,8w哺rwords,andmorenew word8.TheirsDeechismorevividandne】【ible.Theotherre鹳on istheirpronunciationpitch.Whengrandparent8may8tilltalk abouttheiceboxandwireless.He’5uIllikelytoknowwhat rules,what5uck8,orwht’8totanystoked. 2.50fethIlicity Inamoreseriousway,wecanob8ervethat,withiIIanyso— ciety,differencesiIIspeechmycomeaboutbecau5eofdifferent ethnicbackgrounds.hlveryobviouswaysothespeechofrecent imznigrants,如dofteno“heirchildren,wiucont8inidentify啦 features.1nsomeareas,wheretherei88tfongl啦guageloyalty totheoriginallanguageofthegroup,al盯genumberoffeattlres arecarriedoveriIltothenewlanguage. 3Concl惦ion A11ofthesocialf虬tor3,region,cl拍8,gender,ageandeth_ nicityarerelatedtov&riationaccordingtotheu8erofthelan- guage.Differentpeoplespeal【“ferently.Thu8weneedtoad— justthewayofour8peechirItimetomaketheco衄unication guccessflll- References [1]GeorgeY.2000TheStudyofLaIlguageCambridgeU一 面Ver8ityPre8s [2]GeeJ.P.1993AnIntroductiontoHumanL&nguage: fundamentalconcept8inlir蚋i8tic5NewJerseyPrenticeHaU, EnglewoodCliffs [3]Grady.0强dD0brovol8ky(E)Contempor盯yLinguis— ticAmlysisToronto:CbppClarkPitm8nLtd.’矿&rdhaugh.R. 1986AnIntroductiontoSociolinguistic8BlackweUPubUshers Ltd. [4]胡壮蘑,刘润清,李延福.1987‘语言学教程).北京大学 出版社 [5]贾玉新.1997‘垮文化交际学>.上海外语教育出版社 [6]高级中学教科书英语第一册第10课.人民教育出版社 一139— Better Communication with the Analysis of the Main Social Factors Which Affect Our Way of Our Speech 作者: 张蕾 作者单位: 浙江师范大学外语学院;金华职业技术学院国际商务学院 刊名: 科技信息(学术版) 英文刊名: SCIENCE 年,卷(期): 2008,""(12) 被引用次数: 0次 参考文献(7条) 1.George Y The Study of Language 2000 2.Gee J.P An Introduction to Human Language:fundamental concepts in linguistics 1993 3.Grady.O.Dobrovolsky E Contemporary Linguistic Analysis 4.Wardhaugh.R An Introduction to Sociolinguistics 1986 5.胡壮麟.刘润清.李延福 语言学教程 1987 6.贾玉新 跨文化交际学 1997 7.高级中学教科书英语 本文链接:http://d.g.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_kjxx-xsb200812076.aspx 授权使用:中南民族大学(znmzdx),授权号:b647adef-9e32-44a7-a534-9e0200d87d59 下载时间:2010年10月1日
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