增减重复法

null增减重复法增减重复法增词法（amplification） 增词法（amplification） 所谓增词法，就是在翻译时按意义上（或修辞上）和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达的思想。用增词法翻译技巧的目的是为了更加准确、通顺和完整的表达原文的内容。当然不能无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词。 一条金科玉律： 增词不增意，减词不删意。 一条金科玉律： 增词不增意，减词不删意。一、增加意义上或修辞上的需要上的部分一、增加意义上或修辞上的需要上的部分（一）增加名词 1．在动词后面增加名词 英语中有些动词有时用作及物动词，有时用作不及物动词，当它作不及物动词用时，宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的，译成汉语时往往需要把它表达出来。例如To wash before meal 是“饭前洗手”，如果不译出隐含的宾语“手”，译文“饭前洗一洗”的意思就不明确。同样， To wash after getting up 和To wash before going to bed也应分别译成“起床后洗脸”和“睡前洗脚”了。 null2．抽象名词具体化 某些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，解释具体，从而使译文更合乎规范。如： They wanted to ease the tension in the Middle East. 他们试图缓解中东的紧张局势。 to innovate革新——innovation革新 to evolve进化——evolution进化过程 to solve解决——solution解决方法 to derive推导——derivation推导过程 to persuade说服——persuasion说服工作 to prepare准备——preparation准备工作 backward落后——backwardness落后状态 tense紧张——tension紧张局势 arrogant自满——arrogance自满情绪 mad疯狂——madness疯狂行为 antagonistic敌对——antagonism敌对态度 redundant多余——redundancy多余信息 3．具体名词抽象化 He felt the patriot rise within his breast 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡 He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他让法官的战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。（二）增加表示名词复数的词（二）增加表示名词复数的词1．增加重迭词表示复数 Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。 Newsmen went flying off to Mexico. 记者纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。 There were rows of houses which he had never seen before. 一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。 2．增加数词或其他词表示复数 The lion is the king of animals. 狮是百兽之王。 We have to face different problems. 我们得面对各种不同的问题。 Mr. Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon. 直到昨天下午，霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟讨论了我的各项建议。（三）增加动词 （三）增加动词 根据上下文的具体意义，在翻译时经常需要在某些名词及动词之前或之后增加动词，才能使译文的意思明确完整，读起来也较通顺自然，符合汉语习惯。 He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致闭幕辞就宣布结束会议。 He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation. 他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。 After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 在观看篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。（四）增加表达时态的词（四）增加表达时态的词１．对某种时间概念作强调时，往往要加一些词。 Man, was, is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions. 人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条件。 I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。 The high-altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird. 该高空飞机过去是现在仍然是一种了不起的飞机。二、增补并列结构中省略的词语二、增补并列结构中省略的词语We don’t retreat, we never have and never will。 （we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat） 我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。 A fool and his s are soon parted; a man of genius and his money. （a man of genius and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted） 愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。null1．Asia’s strength of economic management, however, has not been its perfection, but its pragmatism and flexibility. 亚洲经济管理向来不以完美见长，而是以务实和弹性取胜。 2．She was more royal than the royals. 她比皇家成员更有皇家气质 3．You must come back before nine. Period! 你必须九点前回来。没什么可商量的余地。 减词（omission）减词（omission）减词就是把原文中一些词省略不用。这些词在译文中不一定要个个都要写出来，写了不能算错，但省略掉会使译文更简洁和更加具有可读性。一．译文更简洁一．译文更简洁1．英文里有不少代词、连接词在中文表达时省掉才能避免累赘，“他摇着他的头”中的“他的”就可以省略掉。 1）When the students finished all the books they had brought, they opened the lunch and ate it. 学生们看完了随身带的书，就打开饭盒吃起来。 2）she listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睁圆着眼睛听我说话 3）as the manager of the performance sits before the curtain on the boards, and looks into the Fair, a feeling of profound melancholy comes over him in his survey of the bustling place. 领班的坐在戏台上幔子前面，对着底下闹哄哄的市场，瞧了半晌，心里不觉悲惨起来。 4）what could marriage mean if we did not feel ourselves capable of love? 连爱都爱不起来，还谈什么婚姻！ 5）smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 仓库重地，禁止吸烟。null2．减词也许是因为该词的意思已经融和了其他词中，不必再用一个专门的词来表达了 1）small islands have played a disproportionately large role in the thinking of evolutionary biologists 岛屿虽小，但在影响进化论生物学家思维的过程中起到的作用却非常大。重复法（repetition）重复法（repetition）重复法是因为行文和修辞的要求。本来可以和两个字，却偏偏用四个字，本来可以用一个成语，却偏偏用两个成语。这一类的重复往往是为了“雅”。但有时并不是为了这个目的，而仅仅是为了满足译文行文表达的基本要求如 you need and deserve admiration可以译成你需要并也值得羡慕。但如果重复的话就会更通顺你需要让人羡慕，也值得让人羡慕。 1.These seemed to call into question the dominance not only of western power,but of western ideology. 这一切似乎不仅使人怀疑西方强权的垄断地位，而且也使西方意识形态一统天下的局面受到质疑 2.there had been too much publicity about their relationship 他们的关系已经闹得满城风雨，人人皆知了