初三英语上学期复习提纲

初三期末考试复习提纲 M1 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1. wonder. 本身既可以做名词又可以做动词，其形容词 wonderful。当作动词时接宾语从句的时候，一定要记住宾语从句用陈述句语序。如： I wonder if they will come on time. 2. suggest. 作动词，后接名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或宾语从句，但不能接动词不定式。后接宾语从句时，从句中应使用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，且should 可以省略。如： The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day. 3.“没有什么可看的”、“有……可……的”……动词不定式做定语 There was nothing to see. I have a lot of work to do. 4. look短语词义辨别 Look for 寻找；look out 小心；look after照顾；Look over 仔细思考；look about 考虑；Look of 想到，想起 5. too ……to 的用法（句型转换一定要会） Too …… to表示“太……而不能……”，其句型乐意装换成so… that 句型和not+形容词+enough +to do sth.的句型。如： The box is too big for me to carry. = The box is so big that I can’t carry it. =The box isn’t small enough for me to carry it. 6. afraid be afraid of sth.(doing sth.) 害怕…… be afraid to do sth. 害怕干…… 7. thousand 的用法 “基数词+thousand”表示几千，几百，一定要记住thousand 其后是单数。 “Thousands of”表示“成千上万的 ”，当与of 连用时，一定要记住用复数。 8. because和because of的区别 Because其后接句子，而because of其后接名词或动名词 Because he was ill, the boy did not go to school. =Because of his illness, the boy did not go to school. 二. 语法 1. “比较级+比较级”表示“越……越……”。例如： Faster and faster 越来越快 More and more 越来越多 拓展：（1） “the + 比较级，the +比较级”，表示“越……，就越……”。如： The more you study, the clever you are. 你学的越多，就越聪明。 （2）the+形容词，表示一类……的人，详单与复数，所以当其作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数。比如： The young 年轻人 the sick 病人们 2.复习六大时态 时态题主要考在单项选择和用动词的适当形式填空里面，在做题的时候注意以下步骤： （1）根据时间状语或情景判断时态 （2）回想各种时态的结构 （3）注意谓语动词与事态的一致性 另外，还要注意一些特殊用法： （1）有哪些词用现在进行时表将来（列出来） _______________________________________________ （2）由if, as soon as引导的条件状语从句用一般现在是表将来。（自己举例） _______________________________________________________________. 时态小测试 ( ) 1. Don’t make so much noise. We _______ to the music. A. listened B. listen C. are listening D. have listened ( ) 2. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _______ it for two weeks. A. keep B. borrowed C. have kept D. have lent ( ) 3. –When will you tell him the good news? --I will tell him about it as soon as he _______ back. A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming ( ) 4. –Dad, please open the door, it _______. –OK, dear. I’m coming. A. locks B. locked C. is locked D. was locked ( ) 5. –Did you go to Jim’s birthday party? --No, I _______. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite ( ) 6. A talk on Chinese history _______ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give ( ) 7. You may go fishing if your work _______. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done ( ) 8. –What do you think of the football match yesterday? --Well. It’s surprising. The strongest team of our school _______. A. was beaten B. won C. scored D. was failed ( ) 9. –Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday? --If I don’t go, _______. A. so does he B. so he will C. neither will he D. neither does he ( ) 10. The trees must _______ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters ( ) 11. –Did you see Tom at the party? -- No, he _______ by the time I got there. A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left ( ) 12. –Why not go to see the dolphin show with me? --Because I ______ it. A. saw B. will see C. see D. have seen ( ) 13. –Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? --No, I don’t, but my twin brother _______. He’s very fond of cooking. A. does B. do C. is D. are ( ) 14. Catherin _______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing ( ) 15. The old man is quite weak after the accident, so he _______. A. must take care of B. must be take care of C. must look after D. must be looked after M2 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1. what’s up ? 询问出了什么事？ = what’s wrong? =what’s the matter? 如果要问某人怎么了的时候，直接在其后加” with sb.”。 2. as far as 有“就……来说，据……所…… ”的意思。如： As far as I remember 据我做记得的 as far as I know 据我所知 3. not any more 意为“不再……” =no more =no longer =not any longe（这个短语主要考在句型转换）。如： He doesn’t go to school any more. = He goes to school no more. = He doesn’t go to school any longer. = He goes to school no longer. 4. 区分两个短语，并分别造一个句子 be known for… __________________________________________ be known as… ______________________________________________ 5. lively修饰人的时候，多指“精力充沛的；有生气的；活跃的”。修饰物的时候，多指“热闹的；有生气的”。这个用法一般会作为考题出现在选择题或用动词的适当形式填空里。如 There are so many people in the shop. The shop is ________ (live). 拓展：live当做形容词的时候，意为“现场直播，活得，有生命的”，如：The cat caught a live mouse. Living既可以致人，也可以指物，指没有死或消失，可用在名词前作定语，也可以作表语。 Alive为形容词，意为“活着的”，alive在句中只能用作表语或后置定语。（放在后面） 6. 比较形容词的用法： （1）interesting ----interested surprising----surprised 前者一般表示人或物本身具有的特性；而后者一般表示“……对……感兴趣”。如： An interesting old man is interested in the interesting book. 7.区分一下几个短语，并翻译： At the end of __________________ in the end _______________ by the end of ___________________ [注意]: in the end 后面不加of 8. prefer的用法（注意后面所跟动词的形式，经常考） prefer to do sth. 宁愿干某事 prefer doing to doing 宁愿……不愿…… prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做……而不愿做…… 9. 几个“花费”的用法区分：（举例加以区分） Take cost spend pay 10. 关于made的几个短语 （1） be made of 由……制成（能看出原） （2） be made from由……制成（不能看出原材料） （3） be made into 被制成…… （4） be made up of 由……组成 二 语法 被动语态 被动语态的做题步骤： （1）根据主语和谓语动词的关系判断语态 （2）再根据情境或时间状语判断时态 （3）联想该事态的被动语态的结构 （4）看主语和谓语动词的关系 【注意】做将主动语态变为被动语态的题目时，要注意不要改变时态！省to 不定式变为被动语态的时候要加to！ M3 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1. Stand for 表示“象征，代表”，不用于进行时。 Eg：--- the book is by T.C Smith? ----what does the “T.C stand for? 2. allow“允许” allow doing sth.“允许做某事”； allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。 sb. be allowed to do sth.某人被允许干某事 例如： Smoking _______ in the library. A.​ doesn’t B. isn’t allowed C. didn’t allow D. wasn’t allowed 3. “如此……以至于……”的用法：so … that , such….that的区别：例如 It’s so cold that we can’t go spring outing. = It’s such a cold that we can’t go spring outing. 4. “对某人生气” Be mad with sb.= be angry with sb. （注意同意句转换） 5. agreed的用法 （1）agree with sb./ what sb. saied agree with后接某人或某人所说的话 （2）agree to one’s idea/ plan agree to后接观点、意见、决定、看法等名词。 (3) agree on 后面跟具体的事情。如：agree on going fishing 6. win和beat的区别 Win和beat都有“赢某人，打败某人”的意思 但win后面跟“比赛”，比如：win the game/ match 而beat 后面跟“对手”，比如：beat sb. 意为“打败了某人” 7. so far的用法 So far 意为“迄今为止，到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时的标志性的时间还有 for+一段时间， since等。 M4 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1. the same as 的用法 the same as 表示“与……一样”，指的是两个相似或相同的物体或事情，通常用在一个名词或代词前。其反义短语为be different from 表示“与……不同”。两者应该都具有可比性，人与人相比，物与物相比，不能产生不一致的情况。 Eg：I bought the same MP3 as hers. 2. borrow 与 lend 的用法 borrow意为“借入”，其后不能跟双宾语，常用borrow sth. from sb. lend 意为“借出”，可以跟双宾语，即lend sb. sth., lend sth.to sb. eg: I borrowed an eraser from him. He lent me a book./ He lent a book to me. borrow和lend都是非延续性动词，若表示接某物保持一段时间，就不能用borrow和lend而应该用keep,表示“把某物接来后保存”，常与一段时间连用。如： --- how long may I keep this book? --- three weeks. 3. Can I ask a favour? （1）ask a favour 意为“请帮个忙”。 Can I ask a favour?是请求帮助的句式，同义句转换Can you help me ? 其回答语有：Sure./of course./certainly!等。 Eg：may I ask a favour of you? 我可以请你帮个忙吗？ 7. yet．already与现在完成时连用的用法 yet和already都是副词，通常和现在完成时连用。Yet一般用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的句末。在否定句中，意为“还．仍然”；在疑问句中，意为“已经”。Already多于现在完成时的肯定句中，意为“已经” 如： --Have you packed your school things yet? 你收拾好学习用品了吗? --Not yet．还没有。 8. 区分way 短语的用法 by the way __________ on one’s way to__________ in the way ________ In a way _________ 9．such as的用法 (1)such as意为‘例如，诸如；像…一那样的”，常用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，其后只能接名词或相当于名词的短浯其引导的成分一般是同位语，表示对前一名词作进一步的说明,如： He can speak several languages，such as English，French and Spanish． 他会说几种语言．比如英语、法语和西班牙语。 (2)for example和for instance也表示“例如，比如”，二者可以互换，作插入语，一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例，用逗号隔开，可放在句首或句中。其后也可接句子。如： There are many things to see in London——for instance, Big Ben．伦敦有许多东西可看，例如大本钟。 M5 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1. Don’t touch. 不许触摸 No entry.禁止入内 No shouting. 禁止喧哗 本课中出现了许多在公共场所起启示作用的提示语，他们在公共场所作为标志时，多采用大写形式。如：P表示“Parking(停车场)”其构成形式有以下几种： (1)名词或名词词组。如： ENTRANCE入口 EXIT出口 DANGER危险 BUSINESS HOURS营业时间OFFICE HOURS工作时间 INSTRUCTIONS说明(常见于说明书上) MENU菜单 (2)祈使句。如： PULL拉 PUSH推 PLAY播放 STOP停止PAUSE暂停 (3)形容词或其短语。如： OPEN营业中 CLOSED关门 FRAGILE易碎的 (4)NO+名词或名词词组。如： NO PHOTOS禁止拍照 (5)NO+动名词短语。如： NO SMOKING禁止吸烟 NO PARKING禁止停车 NO SWIMMING禁止游泳 NO FISHING禁止钓鱼 2. must 的用法 (1)mustn’t在本句中意为“不准，禁止”，用来劝告或告诫别人不要做某事。如： You mustn’t drive too fast．It’s dangerous．你千万不要开车太快。那样很危险。 (2)must意为“应该，必须”，表示现在或将来的义务和必要性。 如：When the traffic light is red．you must stop．当交通灯是红灯时，你必须停下来。 (3)当must表示推测的时候，为很肯定的判断“一定”，如： Her name is on the book，It must be hers．她的名字在书上。这本书一定是她的。 (4)在回答must 引导一般疑问句式，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to.不用mustn’t 如： 一Must I hand in my composition now?我必须现在交作文吗? 一No．you needn't／you don't have to．不．没必要。 一Yes．you must．是的．必须交。 3. pay attention 意为“注意，留心，集中注意力于”。 其中to 是介词，故可接名词，代词，或动名词。 如： You should pay more attention to your health． 你应多加注意你的健康。 Everyone should pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 课堂上的每个人都应该全神贯注地听讲。 4. kind of是固定短语，其后常跟形容词或副词，意思是“有点儿，有几分”，相当于a little.如： I felt kind of tired after the sports meeting．运动会后我觉得有点累。 5. familiar是形容词，意为“熟悉的；通晓的”．be familiar with表示“对…熟悉，有经验”。主语为人，说明人对物的熟悉：如： I am familiar with the subject．我熟悉这个题目。 Be familiar to主语应该是物，表示事物对人来说熟悉. 如： That face is familiar to me．那张面孔我很熟悉。 6. 形式主语：“it’s+be +形容词/名词+ to do sth.” 是一个固定句型。 其中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定时。动词不定式作主语时，谓语用单数，（注意同意句转换）。如： It’s not easy to master a language．= To master a language is not easy.要掌握一门语言不容易。 【注】形式主语中句型中经常出现+for sb.或+of sb. 的情况。要注意区分：当句中所出现的形容词对后面的动作进行评价的话用for sb.，当句中的形容词修饰其后的sb.，此时用of。例如： It’s easy for me to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help me. 7. fill的用法 fill with意为“用……装满”．be filled with…是其被动语态形式。【注:同意句转换】be filled with= be full of如： Will you please fill the bag with books for me. 请替我把书包装满书好吗? The room was filled with people.=The room was full of people．房间里挤满了人。 8. above all意为“最重要的，首先”它可置于句首，也可置于句子中间，置于句子中间时，该短语前后均应加逗号。如： Above all，don’t talk to anybody about it．最重要的是不要向任何人提起此事。 9. drop in 意为“顺便拜访，造访”。“drop in at+ 地点”意为“顺便拜访某地”；“drop in on sb.意为”顺便拜访某人”。 drop by 和 drop in的含义相同，但通常用drop by sb./ sp.表示顺便拜访某人或某地。如： I thought I'd drop in on you while I was passing．我曾想路过时顺便来看看你。 Drop by me sometime．有空来我这儿坐坐。 10. provide的用法：意为“供应；供给；提供”．常与介词连用构成provide sb．with sth.或provide sth．for sb．【注意同意句转换】，意为“供应某人某物”。如： We provided food for the hungry children。 (=We provided the hungry children with food．) 我们为饥饿的孩子提供食物。 二 语法 祈使句 M6 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1.be careful about/of /with表示“小心／谨慎地对待 ……”如： Be careful of the traffic.注意交通安全。 be careful to do sth.小心翼翼地做某；be careful not to do sth.留神别做某事 如： He was careful to keep out of sight．他小心翼翼地避开别人的视线。 【注意：同意句转换】Be careful!相当于Look out!或Take care! careful的反义词为careless；副词为carefully；动词为care. care about是动介短浯,相当于worry about，意为“关心，介意，在乎”后常接名词、代词或动名词。如： She cares deeply about environmental issues.她对环境问题深感担忧。 [例题3]Look out，David! A car is coming．(同义替换) A .Be careful B．Look outside C．Look around D Look back 2.强调句型it is /was … that …，.强调句型通常是将强调部分置于it is /was之后，可用来强调主语、宾语、状语等。如： It was my watch that you picked up on the ground just now．(强调宾语) 刚才你在地上拾起来的是我的手表。 It was team work that kept us alive．(强调主语) 是团结协作使我们保持活力。 [例题5] ___ was a parents’ meeting _____ I was invited to have just now. A．There；that B. That：that C．It；that D. This；which 3. hope和wish后都可跟to do sth.，wish还可跟sb. to do sth.，hope则不能。如用hope表示主语希望别人做某事时，要用从句。 二 语法 构词法（自己看一下书后面的语法介绍就行了） M7 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1. hand 的用法。 Would you like a hand… ?是向某人提供帮助的表达。hand在本句中作名词，意为“协助，帮忙；帮手”。如：Let me give you a hand with these bags．(=Let me help you to carry these bags) hand作名词，还可以表示“手；指针”．如： hand也可以作动词，意为“递；交给；传递”，如： Please hand me a book．=Please hand a book to me请把书递给我。【同意句转换】 2. at the moment 作“此刻，现在，目前”讲时，相当于now或at this time，表 示现在的时间；当它作“那时，正在那个时刻”讲时，相当于just then或at that time，表示过去的时间。它既是现在进行时，也是过去进行时的标志。如： At the moment he doesn't have any new books．现在他没有任何新书。 He was playing the piano at the moment．那个时刻他正在弹钢琴 3. similar作形容词，意为“大致相似”，常用于短语be similar to．【注意与to搭配】表示 “与……相似”，相当于llke。如： She is similar to her sister．= She is like her sister.她和她姐姐长得很像。 4. sheep作可数名词，意为“绵羊”，其复数形式和单数形式一样，都是sheep。如： There are some sheep on the hills．(形似单数实为复数)小山上有很多绵羊。 在英语中类似的名词还有：fish鱼；deer鹿；Chinese中国人：Japanese日本人 I was very excited when I saw so many______ on the farm. A．children B．sheep C．duck 5. ①some time一段时间 ②sometime某时；曾经 ③sometimes有时候，相当于at times ④some times几次 如：He sometimes watches TV.他有时候看看电视。 I will come to see you sometime next week．下个星期的某个时候我会来看你的。 He stayed here for some time他在这里待了一段时间。 ． I have been to Shanghai some times．我去过上海几次。 [例题4]Kate will be back_______ in February． A．sometime B．some time C．sometimes D some times 6. “any other+单数名词”表示前面已经提到过的人或事物以外的人和一个人活事物，多用于同一范围内比较。表示不同范围内的人（物）比较时，通常用“any +单数名词”。如： Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China．在中国，长江比任何一条别的河流都长。(同一范围比较) Changjiang River is longer than any river in India．(不同范围比较) 【注意】表示同一范围的此类句型可以转换成最高级，一定要注意同意句转换，如：第一个句子可以换成： Changjiang River is the longest river in China． 7．used to 的用法【一定要区分开三个短语】 (1)get used to习惯于be used to,其中to 为介词，其后跟名词，代词或动名词。如： I got/was used to eating with chopsticks and a spoon. 我习惯于用筷子和汤匙吃饭。 (2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。如： Knives are used to cut up apples．小刀用来切苹果。 (3) used to do sth.过去常常做某事。如：He used to walk to school.他过去常常步行去上学。 [例题3]While travelling to Canada, you should give yourself a day to _____ the time and know the way nearby． A．used to B．be used to C．use to 二 语法 定语从句定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的主谓结构。定语从句主要注意一下几点： 1. 找对连接词。连接词有who, whose, whom, which, that. 2.在下列情况下只用that，不用which ① 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代词时，something两者均可。 如：There is nothing (that) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. ② 先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much，few，one of 等词修饰时， 如：I have read all the books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books that you like. ③ 先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词最高级修饰时， 如：The first thing that we should do is to help him. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. ④先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是), the same, the last修饰时， 如：The white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. ⑤ 当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物,定语从句用that 引导 (that既可指人也可指物) 如：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 3. 在下列情况下只用who(m)，而不用that： ① 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who. 如：Do you know the man who spoke just now? The doctor who treated me was very experienced. ②当先行词是one, ones, any, few, all, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。 如：Is there anyone who can answer this question? All who heard the news were excited. 4. that 不能跟在介词后面。如： I like the children of whom should be taken care. 定语从句练习题 1. The car ran into a crowd of middle school students, ________ to hospital immediately. A. two of whom sent B. two of them sent C. two of whom are sent D. two of them sending 2. He reached London in 1996, _________, some time later, he became a famous actor. A. where B. when C. which D. that 3. —Is that the small town you often refer to ? —Right, just the one _______ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what 4. I have many friends, ________ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 5. Mr. Green will come to the party on Sunday, he promised to every one of us. A. when B. that C. where D. which 6. She heard a terrible noise, ________brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 7. Finally, the thief handed everything __________he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 8. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ___________family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 9. The film brought the hours back to me_______ I was taken good care of in that far away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 10. _______is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. Which D. What M8 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1. get on的用法 get on with sth.意为“进展，进步”某事的进展……。如： I’m not getting on very fast with this job. 我这个工作进展不太快。 get on/along well with sb.表示“与某人相处的好” 2. be in with a chance是英式英浯，它表示“有……的可能；有机会” be in with a chance to do sth. 相当于 be in with a chance of doing sth. 另外也可以直接说have a chance to do sth.或have a chance of doing sth.如： He is in with a chance of travelling in Hong Kong. = He has a chance of travelling in Hong Kong. 他有个去香港旅游的机会。 3. expect作动词，意为“预计，预料”， 后接名词、动词不定式或宾语从句。expect to do sth. 期待做某事； expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事．如： I expect to be back on Sunday. 我预计星期天回来。 4. pick sb. up 意为“(开车)接某人”或“让某人乘车；搭栽：营救”。pick…up为动副短语，代词作宾语必须放在中间．如： I will pick you up at five．我五点钟来接你。 pick up还有“捡起，拾起”的意思，也是动副短语。如: A pen is on the floor，please pick it up. 地上有一支钢笔，请把它捡起来。 5. show的用法 (1)作动词，意为“给…看，出示”。show sth.意为“出示某物 ”；show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb.意为“将某物给某人 ”，如：。 He showed the picture to me他将图片给我看。 (2)show还可以作“带领”讲。show…around带……参观。如： I will show you around．我会带你四处看看。 (3)show也可以作名词，表示“演出，表演；展览”。on show展出，展览。如： ’ I’ll go to a show tonight．今晚我要去看演出。 6. Congratulations to sb. (on sth.)表示“(因某事)向某人表示祝贺”congratulations通常要用复数形式。当别人向你祝贺时，应该表示感谢，如： Congratulations to you on winning the first prize．祝贺你获得了冠军。 M9 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1. laughing作形容词，意为“笑的：带笑意的”，如： be no laughing matter不是开玩笑的事 his laughing blue eyes他带有笑意的蓝眼睛 laughing faces笑脸 2. have a word with sb.是一个固定搭配，意为“和某人说句话” 表示to talk to someone for a short time.如： Have a word with Pat and see what she thinks． 跟帕特谈一谈，看她是怎么想的。 3.双宾语的一些短语 pass sb. sth．=pass sth. to sb． teach sb. sth.=teach sth. for sb． make sb. sth.=make sth. for sb． lend sb. sth=lend sth. to sb. show sb. sth．=show sth. to sb． buy sb. sth．=buy sth. for sb． 4. trouble作不可数名词，意为“麻烦的事；烦扰；困难;险境”等。in trouble处于困境中。如： I'm sorry to give you so much trouble. 很抱歉给你带来这么多麻烦。 The company ran into trouble. 公司陷入了困境。 trouble还可以作动词，意为“使忧虑，使烦恼” I'm sorry to trouble you．对不起，打扰你了。 5. favourite作名词，意为“最喜欢的人或物”，含义相当于like…best.【注意同意句转换】如： English is my favourite. =I like English best. 我最喜欢英语。 Blue is my favourite. =I like blue best. 我最喜欢蓝色。 6. translate作动词,意为“翻译”translate (sth.)(from sth.)into sth. 把… (由…)译成…。如： Can you translate them from Chinese into English? 你能把它们由汉语译成英语吗? translator是名词，意为“译者；笔译者”。 translation也是名词。意为“翻译”。如： His translation is wrong．他的翻译是错的。 7. be able to的用法【注意同意句转换】 (1) able做形容词，意为“有能力的”。只用于有生命的人或动物。如： He is an able leader. 他是为有能力的领导。 (2) be able to 意为“能够”，有人称和各种时态的变化，主要由be 来变化，其后接动词原形。如： He has been able to speak English since two years ago. 两年以前，他就会说英语了。（现在完成时） (3) be able to 相当于“can”,但 “can”没有人称的变化，且只有一般过去式could. [例题6]He could swim at the age of six. （改为同义句） He _____ _______ _______ swim at the age of six. 8. no one与none区分 (1)no one的同义词为nobody，只用于指没有人，其后不跟of短语，作主浯时．谓语用单数用单数。No one只能回答以who开头的问句。 (2)none是表示对三者或三者以上全部否定的不定代词，意为“没有什么人；没有什么东西”。作主语时，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数；none的反义词是all, none可以与of连用；可以用来回答how many或how much开头的问句。如： None of us are/is interested in the story.没有人对那个故事感兴趣。 一Who are you speaking to? 你在跟谁说话? 一No one．没跟谁说话。 一How many students are there in the room?房间里有多少学生? 一None.一个也没有。 9. 与learn相关的短语： (1)learn to do sth.意为“学做某事”。如： The child began to learn to swim when he was only six months old.这个孩子只有6个月大的时候就开始学游泳了。 (2)learn from sb.意为“向某人学习”。如： We should learn from Lei Feng．我们应该向雷锋学习。 (3)learn…by heart意为“熟记…；背诵……”。如： AⅡthe students learned the text by heart. 所有的学生都背过这篇课文了。 (4)learn one’s lesson from…意为“从……中吸取教训”。如： We learn our lesson from the thing.我们从这件事中吸取了教训。 [例题4]一who taught you English? --I taught myself．(同义替换) A．learnt myself B. learnt all by myself C. learnt by me D．learnt from myself M10 一.重点单词、短语、句子 1. ache作动词，意为“疼痛；隐痛”。多指局部的、轻微的、持续的身体疼痛。如：I’m aching all over.我周身疼痛。 ache for sb./sth.渴望见到某人/某物 如：I’m aching for home.我很想家。 ache to do sth.渴望做某事 如：The young man ached to see her．那个年轻人渴望见到她。 ache也可用作名词，常用于have/feel an ache in的结构表示身体某部位的疼痛时，ache前面前面常加不定冠词an, 如： Albert has an ache in the ear.艾伯特耳朵疼。 ache还可以与其他名词构成复合词：headache头痛backache背疼 stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 toothache牙疼 The car hit my leg just now. I feel _______ it. A. ache in B. an ache C. an ache in D. ache at 2. give up意为“放弃”。是副词短语，如果是代词作宾语，则必须放在中间。Give up相当于drop和stop. Give放弃做某事，相当于drop sth.或 stop doing sth. 如： Although maths is very difficult, don't give up.虽然数学很难，但是不要放弃。 3. be bad for sb./sth.意为“对某人（物）不好”。其反义的表达为：be good for对……有好处（益）。如： Reading in bed is bad for your eyes．躺在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。 4. ban做动词，意为“禁止”。ban sb./sth. from sth.禁止某人或某物去某处；ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事。【一定要注意同意句转换】如： We should ban the students from going out at night alone. = Students are not allowed to out at night alone.我们应该禁止学生晚上单独外出。 5.persuade作动词，意为“劝说，说服”。其后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或that从句。如： I persuaded my brother to accept the job. 我说服弟弟接受了这份工作。 persuad