高中英语考点精析精练：细节事实(阅读理解)

淘题 命题点1 细节事实 本类考题解答锦囊 细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。这种题属于中档层次题。在历年题中占大多数。 细节事实类题型多种多样，但有一些常见的方式： 1．Which of the following is true／false／mentioned? 2．What does the writer iter pay least attenti on to? 3．Choose the right order of the events given in the passage． 4．A1l the following statements are not true(true)except________ 5．Which of the following gmaps／diagrams gives the right position of．．．? 一篇文章有了它所涉及的中心思想，即话题，确定了要表达的中心思想，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或表达主题体现中心思想，因此细节是一篇文章的大部分篇幅，也是考生阅读过程中需要理解的主要内容，在阅读测试中，这类试题占大部分。 解题步骤： 1．通读全文，即以最快速度读完全文。目的让考生对文章内容结构有一个总体了解。 2．读题干，弄懂其含义。 3．带着题干问题重读文章。用查读法(scannin8)，快速扫描文章，查找与设问内容相关的词语或句子，借助于同义词或同义结构；当题目涉及到时间、距离，以及其他用数字表示的细节时，有时需要计算才能得出答案。 Ⅰ 高考最新热门题 1.(典型例题卷) Help Wanted Help Wanted PNINTER must have at least 3 years painting experience,Commercial ane new construction work.$10/hr.Immediate opening.Call43592典型例题 history. SECRETARY Part-time position available in friendly,busy office. Good typing and general office skills.Some weekends required.High pay .Various duties.Apply(申请)at East Help Wanted Help Wanted Side Management,500Park Drive,DeWitt,NY,13214. VETERINARIAN ASSIS TANT (兽医助理)Person needed for busy animal hospital. Some nights and weekends.Spply in person to Johnson-Marks Animal Hospital,4典型例题 Road, Syracuse,NY.13224.After4p.m. only please. NURSES’ASSISTANTS Full-time and part-time positions available for modernnuisring home.High pay. Call Mrs. Downes,R.N.at 5347618. COOK NEEDED immediately.Busy downtown restaurant.Must be good and dependable.Experience preferred.Weekends required. Call 324-9817. Help Wanted Help Wanted SALESPERSON Experienced.Must have some Knowledge of men’s clothing industry. Available to evenings and some Saturdays.Send resume (个人)to:Martin’s Apparel.237 Rockledge St.Syracuse,NY13224. TEACHER small private school needs English and math teachers.Must have BS degree and at least 4 years teaching experience.Send resume to:Wales Charter School 19 South 8 th St,NY 13214. HOTEL needs part-time FRONT DESK CLERK.No experi8ence necessary.Excellent people and phong skills a must. Some computer skills helpful. $13/hr. Call:Mr.Jones 357-2897. 1. lf you are interested in working in a hotel, call_______. A. 435 92典型例题 B. 534--7618 C. 324 9817 D. 357--2897 2. If you want to get a job as a math teacher, send your resume to_______. A. 237 Rockledge St. , Syracuse, NY. 13224 B. 4典型例题 Road, Syracuse, NY. 13224 C. 500 Park Drive, Dewitt, NY. 13214 D. 19 south 8th St. NY. 1321.1 3. If you dislike working on Sundays, being a_______should be your best choice. A. cook B. secretary C. salesperson D. veterinarian assistant 4. If you want to get a job at_______, you must have office skills. A. Martin's Apparel B. East Side Management C. Wales Charter School Johnson--Marks Animal Hosptal 命题目的与解题技巧：这是一则广告题。目的是考查生是否看懂招聘广告。解答这类题的技巧在于：首先看请题干，带着问题从原文搜索答案。属于细节题中的直接理解题，只要把问题与原文挂购即可较容易地得到答案。 【解 析】 本文属广告类题材，文字难度适中。但需注意的是，广告类文章尤其是招聘类广告，其语句经常缺少成分。不过问题比较简单，可以从文中直接找到答案。 【答案】1．D．细节题，最后一则广告是招聘旅馆前台接待员，电话是357—2897． 2．D. 细节题。第七则广告是一所私立学校招聘教师。据此可以选出答案。 3．C. 细节题。从选项中排除：招聘秘书、厨师和兽医助理的广告片要求在周末工作，只有销售人员要求晚上工作。 4．B. 细节题。在招聘秘书的广告中要求有办公技能，且投递申请要在East SldeManagement。故选答案B。 2.(典型例题卷) Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or' loses, and it doesn't seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. ~They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself. Grown-ups can hardly find children's games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to some- one of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in par- ticular games that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a b典型例题ually at someone, or to kiss some- one he has caught. It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their controk Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that everychild has a chance to win. 1. What is true about children when they play games? A. They can stop playing any time they like. B. They can test their personal abilities. C. They want to pick a better team. D. They don't need rules. 2. To become a leader in a game, the child has to _______. A. play well B. wait for his turn C. be confident in himself D. be popular among his playmates 3. What do we know about grown-ups? A. They are not interested in games. B. They find children's games too easy. C. They don't need a reason to play games. D. They don't understand children's games. 4. Why does a child like playing games? A. Because he can be someone other than himself. B. Because he can become popular among friends. C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games. D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game. 5. The writer believes that_______. A. children should make better rules for their games B. children should invite grown-ups to play with them C. children's games can do them a lot of good D. children play games without reasons 【解 析】 本文介绍了孩子们的不同于成人世界的游戏规则：简单而公平；而成人却对此迷惑不解。 【答 案】 1．A 这是一道细节题。第一段第三句说明在做游戏时，他们可以根据自己的愿望在任何时候停止游戏。 2．B这是一道细节题。从第二段倒数第二句可知，孩子们轮流担任游戏的领导者。 3．B这是一道细节题。第二段第一句说明大人们认为孩子们的游戏太简单了。 4．A 这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段第三句可以判断出孩子们喜好游戏的原因是他们在游戏中扮演了与自己完全不同的角色。 5．C 第二段第二句表明作者的态度，他认为做游戏对孩子们来说是很有好处的。 通过以上两个例题可以看出，细节实事题大多可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字或相关的部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句。 Passage1(典型例题 Tired ot Working Your Country ! With over 500 instructors and 20 years of experience , we are the leader in the field of teaching foreign languages. We now have positions open in Osaka starting September / October 20典型例题instructors of English, German, Spanish and French. Teach many different kinds of classes using the latest technology in small classes of up to 3 students. Accommodation (住宿) , and other necessary documents (文件) will be ready before you leave. Applicants will teach their first language only. Excellent teacher training programs. If you are young with a university degree and are willing to experience different cultures, apply (申请) now. Experience in teaching is an advantage but not specially required. Knowledge of the Japanese language is not necessary but good English skills and practical computer knowledge are basic requirements. Apply with C. V. and send letters to.. NOVA France, Mr. Sampy (IHT3 / 2 ) 34, BE). Haussmann, 75009 Paris, France Fax. 33148典型例题题isit our website:www, teachjp, com The manager expects to meet and talk with successful applicants in Paris in June and July. 1. What 15 the purpose of the text ? A. To introduce a language school in Japan. B. To hire language teachers to work in Japan C. To describe working conditions in Japan. D. To make clear the requirements for Japanese teachers 答案: B 指导：根据第一段"We　now　have　positions　in　OsakastartingSeptember／October 20典型例题nstructionOfEnglish，Getman，SpanishandFrench”．可判断出这是一个招聘广告，目的是招聘在日本工作的语言教师。 2. We know from the text that those who are going to Japan will_______. A. teach English only in Osaka B. receive a degree from a university C. have free accommodation D. get trained for the job 答案: D 指导：广告中的Excellent teacher training programs．告诉我们，到日本教学的教师将受到培训。 3. Before going to Japan, you need _______. A. to see the manager of NOVA France B. to take some computer courses C. to write a letter to Japan D. to find a place to live 答案: A 指导：从广告的最后一句话"The manager expects to meet and talk with successful applicants in Paris inJune and July"可知在去日本前，应聘者要与NOVA France的经理见面。 4. If you want to work in Japan you should_______. A. have some working experience B. know how to use computers C. present good teaching plans D. speak several languages Passage 答案: B 指导：根据广告中的“Knowledge Of the Japanese language is not necessary but good English skills and practical computer know ledge and basic requirements"．可判断出应聘者必须知道如何使用计算机。 Passage 2 (典型例题) How Long Can People Live? She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at age 114, and held a concert in the neighborhood on her 121st birthday. When it comes to long life. Jeanne Calment is the world's recordholder. She lived to the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span(寿命)? If scientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could we possibly make it to 150——or beyond? Researchers don't entirely agree on the answers. "Calment lived to 122, so it wouldn't surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135, "says Jerry Shay at the University of Texas. Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees. "People can live much longer than we think, "he says. "Experts used to say that humans couldn't live past 110. When Calment blewpast that age, they raised the number to 120. So why can't we go higher?" The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it's all just guessing. "Anyone can make up a number," says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan. "Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine." Won't new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centu ries? Any cure, says Miller, for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120. Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most. So, if the average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, "adding another 50 percent would get you to 120." So what can we conclude from this little disagreement a mong the researchers? That life span is flexible (有弹性的) but there is a limit, says George Martin of the University of says. "But a fly's never going to live 150 years. 'Of course, if you became a new species(物种) , one that ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he adds. Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve (进化) their way to longer life? "it's pretty cool to think about," he says with a smile. 1. What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us? A. People can live to 122. B. Old people are creative. C. Women are sporty at 85. D. Women live longer than men. 答案: A 指导：第二段中“She lived to the ripeoldage of l22．So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span?"告诉我们Jeanne Calment的经历证明人们可以活到122岁。 2. According to Steve Austad at the University of Texas,_________. A. the average human life span could be 110 B. scientists cannot find ways to slow aging C. few people can expect to live to over 150 D. researchers are not sure how long people can live 答案: D 指导：根据第四段Steve Austad的论述可判断出研究人员不能确定人们的寿命有多长。 3. Who would agree that a scientist will become famous if he makes the wildest guess at longevity? A. Jerry Shay. B. Steve Austad. C. Rich Miller. D. George Martin. 答案: C指导：第五段"Anyone can make up anumber，”says Rich Miller at the University Of Michigan。“Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gest his nalne in Time magazine．”说明RichMiller认为对人类的寿命估计最高的科学家会出名。 4. What can we infer from the last three paragraphs? A. Most of us could be good at sports even at 120. B. The average human life span cannot be doubled. C. Scientists believe mice are aging at a slower speed than before. D. New techniques could be used to change flies into a new species. Passage 答案: B 指导：根据后三段的内容可推断出人们的平均寿命不会加倍。 3(典型例题) If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech "Information Age" demands people who are {lexible(灵活) and who have good communication skills. There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of re- search studies found that social science majors bad achieved greater managerial success than those how had technical train- lng or pre-professional courses; Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading featured (特点) of the kind of high-speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in. Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communica- tion skills, noted as "very important" by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, of ten without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions. Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don't regret their choice of study. 1. By saying that" you may have had the last laugh" in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have______. A. shared the jokes with computer majors B. earned as much as computer majors C. found jobs more easily than computer majors D. stopped joking about computer majors 答案: C 指导：这是一道推断作者意图题。从第一段"Thereare many advantages for the social science major．．．”可知，灵活和好的交际技巧在“信息社会中”是十分重要的，所以学习社会科学的毕业生比学习计算机的毕业生可能更容易找到工作。 2. Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates______. A. are ready to change when situations change B. are better able to deal with difficulties C. are equally good at computer skills D. are likely to give others pressure 答案: A 指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段中“Studies show that social science maiors are．．”可判断出与其他专业的毕业生相比，社会科学的毕业生在形势改变时，他们更乐意改变。 3. The underlined word "land" in the last paragraph probably means______. A. keep for some time B. successfully get C. immediately start D. lose regretfully 答案: B 指导：这是一道猜义题。根据land后的宾语the first job 可判断出它的意思是“成功地获得”。 4. According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs? A. Willingness to take low-paid jobs. B. Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge. C. Skills in expressing themselves. D. Part-time work experience. Passage 答案: C 指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段中"Thestudy also showed that．．．”可得出结论，社会科学毕业生的善于表现自己的技巧使他们容易找到工作。 4(典型例题Ⅱ C) It's not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can't: nm on solar energy——energy from the sun's light and heat ! Joshua Bechtold, 14. and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked many months to get Helios ready for the 1999 American Tour de Sol("Sol" is the Latin word for "sun"). They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology(神话) . The 4-year-old Tour de SOl encourages the use of "green", or environmentally friendly, cars to help reduce pollution and save energy. It's not a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency (耗油量) rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the on- ly one built by middle school students. A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the road "That was my favor- ite part. "says Anna Browne, 15. "We explained how the car runs." Due in part to old, inefficient batteries (电池), Helios finished fourth out of four in its kind, the sun-powered class. "We were there for the fun of it. "Anna says. "We're proud of Helios, ' says Ariel Gleicher, 14. "It's a car that's good for the environment." 1. What is special about the car Helios in the text? A. It was built by middle school students. B. It has an attractive design. C. It was made in 1971. D. It won the fourth prize. 答案: A 指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段最后一句Heli—os was the only one built by middle school students．可以推断选A. 2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race? A. 1. B. 4. C. 23. D. 44. 答案: B 指导：这是一道细节推断题两太阳能赛车参赛。根据最后一段第一句——outoffour~可以推断一共有4辆太阳能赛车参赛。 3. What would be the best title for the text? A. The Making of Helios B. 1999 American Tour de sol C. Sun-powered Cars on the Road D. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut 答案: C 指导；这是一道主旨题。这篇文章主要讲几个中学生制造的太阳能赛车上路参加比赛的事，所以最好的题目是Sun powered Cars on the Road． 4. The students felt proud of Helios because______. A. it could run as far as 350 miles B. it was favored by many children C. it had high-quality batteries D. it was driven by clean energy Passage 答案: D指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据最后一句It's a car that's good for the environment，即是由绿色能源驱动的。 5(典型例题A) When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 18典型例题y met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers (探险者) began fight with the Indians or their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U. S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those a- greements and demanded more land. Other chiefs refused to go along with the government's plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley (present-day Oregon). "In order to have all people understand how much land we owned," he once explained, "my father planted poles around it and said.. ' Inside is the home of my people ... It circl ed aroundthe graves (坟墓) of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man. ' But in 1874, the U. S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a res- ervation(保留地). Seeing that resistance was useless. Chief Jo seph agreed to move. Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U. S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in. 1. Which historic site (on the map) lies in the south of today's Nez Perce Reservation? A. Buffalo Eddy. B. Dug Bar. C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. D. Chief Looking Glass Camp. 答案: D 指导：此题为识图题。首先要审清题目，注意题干中的关键词historic site，in the south，然后再观察地图及图例，很容易判断D项为正确答案。 2. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map? A. They were in the state of Oregon. B. They have become a historic site C. They have become much smaller. D. They were limited to the wallowa Valley. 答案: C 指导：根据地图中图例部分第一项、第二项，可以看出1855年Nez Perce lands的范围比当今Nez Perce Reservation的范围要大得多。由此可判断C项为正确答案。 3. From Paragraph 3, we know that the Indians wanted to______. A. show oft their land B. keep their land C. turn their place into a graveyard D. build their homes around the poles 答案: B 指导：本段引述了NezPerce人的某一头领Joseph的话，他说到，“为了让所有的人明白我们过去拥有多少土地，我父亲在领地周围种了些植物作为标志，并且说‘标志里就是我们的家园”’由此可以看出那些印第安人的目的就是要维护自己的土地。 Ⅱ题点经典类型题 (典型例题测试) Rules for the University Entrance Examination You must be at the examination ceter ten miutes before the examination starts. If you are more than ten miuntes late, you may not enter the examination center. The examination takes place at the same time in different states. You must have proof of your name and grade as well as official examination mumber. Show these when you come to the exami nation center. Depending on which examination you are taking, you may bring certain items into the examination center. Math-ematice examinations may allow you to use electronic calulators (计算器). Other subjects may allow you to use dictionaries and other reference material. Please read the notes sent with your timetable carefully. You must bring your own pencils. None will be provided for you. The following items are not al