医学考博英语历年真题及答案及词汇2004

2004 2004 patr II vocabulary(10%) 31.All the characters in the play are_____ A.imaginable adj.可想象的, 可能的 B.imaginary adj.假想的, 想象的, 虚构的 C.imaginative adj. 富于想象力的 D.imagining 32.The judge _____ all the charges against Smith A.dismissed dismiss a charge驳回指控 B.eliminated除去, 排除, 削减(人员)’不予考虑eliminate the false and retain the true去伪存真 C.refusedvt.拒绝, 谢绝n.废物, 垃圾 D.discardedinto the discard成为无用之物; 被遗忘throw sth. into the discard放弃某事 33.The actress _____ the terms of her contract and was prosecuted起诉 by the producer制片人. A.ignored(因证据不足而)驳回诉讼 B.ratified ratify an amendment to a constitution批准宪法修正案 C.drafted vt.起草 D.violated违犯,;扰乱;violate a law犯法violate sleep妨碍睡眠violate sb.'s privacy侵扰某人的安静; 闯入私室 34.At this time of the year,university admission offices are_____with inquires from anxious applicants. A.annoyed B.thrilledv.发抖 C.trampledn.踩踏, 蹂躏v.践踏, 踩坏, 轻视 D.reproached v.责备 35.When the former President_____her candidacy候选资格,she had a good chance of being elected. A.enforced强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强 B.endorsed v.在(票据)背面签名, 签注(文件), 认可, 签署 C.follow up v.穷追, 把...探究到底, 用继续行动来加强效果 D.put forward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出 36.The country’s highest medal was _____upon him for heroism. A.earned B.bestowed给与, 授, 赠, 赐(on, upon)I do not deserve all the praises bestowed upon me.我不配得到这些赞扬。 C.creditedcredit ...to...把...归功于credit sb. with认为某人[某事]具有...credit sth. with把...归因于某人[某事] D.granted 37.The local government leaders are making every effort to ___the problem of poverty. A.tackle B.taperv.逐渐变细, 逐渐减少The organization tapered off in about half a year.那个组织大约半年内就逐渐消失了 C.suppress D.tangle 38.At the party we found that the shy girl __her mother all the time A.harmonizing with v.协调 B.clinging to依附, 依靠, 坚持 C.depending on D.adjusting to适应, 调节. 39.We managed to reach the top of the mountain,and half an hour later we began to__ A.decline B.ascend ascend to升至; 追溯(到...时间) C.descend descend from从...下来是...的后裔, 源于descend upon/on突然拜访某人 D.plunge 40.Losing the job was bad,but even worse was the feeling that I had___my dear wife and child A.let alone停止, 中止, 放松 B.let down放下, 使失望, 辜负, 松劲, 减速下降 C.let off放出, 饶恕, 准许...暂停工作 D.let up停止, 中止, 放松 section B 41.The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as elevation increase. elevation n.上升,海拔, 提高, A.altitude n.(尤指海拔)高度, B.aptitude n.恰当, 智能, 聪明, 自然倾向 C.latitude n.纬度, 范围, (用复数)地区, 行动或言论的自由(范围) D.longitude n.经度, 经线 42.She was wo stubborn that she wouldn’t change her opinions. A.unwilling B.talented C.obstinate D.determined 43.On Christmas Eve ,she spent two hours decorating the room with flower chains. A.modifying B.ornamenting装饰, 修饰; C.disposing vt.①布置;~ furniture in its proper order将家具布置在适当的地方. ②使易患(某病);Getting your feet wet ~s you to catching cold.把脚弄湿使你容易伤风. D.packing包装, 捆扎, 塞满 Adorn vt.装饰；修饰; embellishment装饰,润色,修饰decorate装饰bedeck vt.[~ with]装饰;be ~ed with flowers (jewels, flags) 用花(珠宝，旗子)装饰. 44.Nobody can stand for long agony of a sever toothache. 极大的痛苦 A.sufferance 宽容；默许；容忍；忍受;It is beyond ~.这无法忍受. B.suppuration化脓 C.plague n.瘟疫, 麻烦, 灾祸; v.折磨, 使……苦恼 D.torment痛苦；苦痛; suffering痛苦,灾害,损害,痛苦的torture剧痛 45.When we recall a story of identical offspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we are outaged. A.enlighted授与……知识, 启发, 启蒙 B.calmed C.provoked激怒, 惹起, 驱使stir up/arouse D.moved②感动；鼓动 46.Only native-born citizens are eligible for the US.presidency. legible a.清晰的, 易读的 legal法律的, 合法的 eligible常与 for 连用①有被选资格的;be ~ for promotion(membership)in a society在协会里有资格提升(当会员). A.obliged B.intelligible C.competent①[指人]有能力的；能胜任的;be ~ in one's work能胜任工作.be ~ to do sth有能力做某事. D.qualified 47.Tomorrow’s match has been called off because of the foul weather坏天气 A.prevented B.delayed C.cancelled D.forbidden 48.Losing his job was a financial catastrophe for his family A.calamity B.accident事故,意外伤害,偶然事件 C.frustration挫折,失意 D.depression ,抑郁(症),阻抑,压低,抑郁, 49.Children were expected to be obedient and contribute to the well-being of the family.A.B.C.D. A.smart B.efficient效率高的;~ methods of teaching有效的教学方法. Proficient a.熟练的，精通的，有水平的;be ~ in driving (a car)开车熟练. C.painstaking辛苦的, 勤勉的, 小心的be ~ with one's work辛勤地工作，苦干. D.submissive服从的, 顺从的, 柔顺的 50.While many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family,others lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline lament v.哀悼, 悔恨, 悲叹 A.mourn B.delight C.prosecute v.进行, 实行, 起诉accuse charge with sue D.condemn判刑, 责备, 处刑, 谴责denounce rebuke convict [~ sb of sth]证明…有罪(错误)；~ sb of his errors证明某人有错误. ~ sb of theft宣告某人有盗窃罪.be ~ed of sin确信有罪. part IV passage one Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans,the interchange also takes place in many other ways.A person may relay his or her feelings,thoughts and reactions through body positioning,body contact,body odors,eye contatct,responsive actions,habits attitudes,interests,state of health ,dress and grooming修饰,choice if life-style,and use of talents—in fact,through everything the individual says or does. In turn,every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five sense and personal biorhythm生物节律 system. An individual screens,selects,regulates,and controls specific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices.Some of these choices are automatic;some are subconscious because of habit,block,or lack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awarness,priority of need,and control of this process. The person with a behavior disorder is shut off切断from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans.His or her mind is confused,and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts,need,and emotions,and that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand.Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems,he or she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others.The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others设想某人怀有和自己 一样的恐惧和幻想,so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay,the messages received are threatening ones. project sth. onto sb.以己之心度人之腹 The cause of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the person’s processing of information.Sometimes a block is physical,as in deafness,mental retardation智力迟钝,brain tumor ,or hardening of the cerebral arteries动脉硬化.However,the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person’s emotional system. Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings.They usually occur in childhood before good communicatives skills are learned,and they are connected to individual symbolism.Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening,it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual.Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways,he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate. 61.The concluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human communication A.is characterized by two features,form and meaning B.is mainly conducted through speech and writing C.is of two fuctions,stimulation and response D.takes two forms,verbal and nonerbal 62.In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with____ A.communicative ability B.external and internal messages C.information and mental processing D.conscious and subconscious awareness 63.Shut off from the communicative flow,the person with a behavior disorder___ A.is unable to focus attention on internal problems B.is isolated in internal problems C.relays threatening messages D.all of the above 64.Which of the following is universal according to the passage? A.Nerual blocks B.physical blocks C.cerebral blocks D.emotional blocks 65.The passage ends with____ A.the contributing factors to emotional and mental disorder B.the importance of acquiring good communicative skills C.the significance of eliminating early emotional blocks D.the warning of emotional blocks common in childhood passage 2 Despression is a state of low vitality and discontent with life in which the individual withdraws from normal life activities even to the point of considering death as an attractive alternative. Although everyone experiences “the blues” 忧郁, 沮丧or periods of low spirits when nothing in life seems to go well,when everything seems to be an effort,and when efforts lead to frustration,these periods are usually brief and are likely to occur when the person is tired,hungry,lonely,or sick.Rest,good food,talking with friends,some fun/or an end to the sickness are usually enough to cure the blues.But when the low spirits persist,or when there are large swings in mood from elation to desolation得意洋洋到悲哀,when nothing seems to catch the interest of the person,when relatives of friends cannot cheer the person and he or she continuous to withdraw,then the person is depressed. be in the blues; fall in the blues 情绪低落feel blue感到无精打采give sb. the blues使某人情绪低落have the blues郁郁不乐 look blue神色沮丧; 脸色发青, Even such depressions are normal under certain circumstances.Anyone who is faced with a serious and painful illness or the loss of a limb,is exhausted by repeated narrow escapes九死一生 from death(such as occurs in wartime),has been exposed to a dehumanizing 无人性的environment（such as occurred with the Jews in Nazi Germany）,has had an overwhelming无法抵抗的series of stressful setbacks挫折,or has experienced the death of several family members within a shor time is expected to be depressed. However,there are many depressed people who seem to the casual observer to have no reason to be depressed.Depression under these circumstances stems from severe behavior disturbance (身心等方面的)障碍, 失调 in which the person sees himself or herself as worthless.Such image典型 is usually the result of the psychosocical conditioning条件作用 of a childhood deprived of a parental role model of security, love,care,and attention essential for the development of trusting relationships.The depressed person needs to build a new image of himself or herself as a useful and needed person.Psychotherapy is often helpful in restoring恢复 natural inner内心的 confidence and capacity for meaningful and trusting relationships. The depressed person can find little beauty or fun in life.His or her talk is filled with gloomy negatives.Doom and anxiety fill his or her mind.Depression is often cyclical,and when the anxiety does lift the person may demonstrate an opposite extreme of carefree无忧无虑的irresponsibility. Although it often takes years of psychotherapy for the individual to work through the underlying suspicion and anger of his or her problems,acceptance by another will get through to 使......了解even the most deeply depressed person if the other is sincere.An attitude of matter-of-fact hopefulness on the part of those around the depressed person can reassure him or her of eventual recovery. The disturbed thoughts of the depressed person cannot be forgotten until they are replaced by other thoughts.Yet,in depression,the person does not see that he or she has choices about what thoughts occupy his or her mind.The person needs to explore alternatives for thoughts and actions and learn to care for himself or herself enough to modify his or her own behavior. 66.Unlike others,according to the passage,a depressed person___ A.is likely to recover in a short period of time B.does not reveal any underlying causing C.is characteristic of self-hatred D.tends to stay with“the blues” 67.From a serious and painful illness to the death of several family members,the author is trying to tell us that ___ A.depressions can potentially be detrimental to mental health B.the severity of depression varies with individuals C.depressions are overwhelming prevailing D.depressions are sometimes inescapable不可避免的 68.Those who present no reason to be depressed,according to the passage___ A.need protect their self-images B.need a parental role model at home C.can be helped psychologically to be usueful and need persons D.can be helped to restore their trusting relationships with their parents 69.The author implies that what the depressed person needs most is ___ A.sincerity B.acceptance C.reassurance D.all of above 70.Under psychotherapy,the depressed person is encouaged___ A.to free his or her mind of any thought B.to find substitutes for the disturbed thoughts C.to reassure himself or herself of early recovery D.to explore as many therapeutic approaches as possible. Passage 3 Seana lived in the inpatient hospice unit for more than a month,far longer than anyone would have predicted,sustained only on pain medications and Popsicles. Late March in Chicago is only technically spring.Most of the time it is still cold and overcast.However,this day was warm,60 degrees and sunny.It was a Saturday and we planned to go outside after I finished rounds.I found Seana back on the unit sitting in her wheelchair,IV pole and pumps in tow,her winter coat partially covering hospital gown.Her sister-in-law and Carla,her nurse’s aide,wer ready to go.Everyone was in a great mood. We went down the elevator,into the brightly sunlit outdoors,and onto the driveway by the women’s hospital.Though the initial idea was to just sit in the sun a bit,we were drawn toward the sidewalk.There were the usual smokers outside the hospital,and the smell of cigarette smoke was the first thing I noticed.It seemed horrible to come out here,to have that smell be the first thing to greet Seana.Simultaneous with that thought,though, she said,“What a wonderful smell!”I adked her what smell was so wonderful and she said that it smelled like McDonald’s.I was thinking,she really does appreciate everything.We went on to the sidewalk and watched a father pitching a ball to his 4-year-old son.The continuity between grnerations was moving,almost beyond words.As we got to the corner,an inspiration灵感came:we could make it to Lake Michigan,only a few blocks away.Did she want to try?Did everyone want to try?Of course we did!Carla said that it felt like we were cutting school.So off we went ,across Sheridan Road,the four of us quite a motley sight:Seana looking like death warmed over in her wheelchair,I wearing my gray hospital coat,the nurse’s aede in an outrageous green leather coat,her sister-in-law in an Ohio State sweatshirt.Cars slowed down;we waved.We walked up the road to the beach,cutting through rutted lawns,the wheelchair bumping in the spring mud.Seana didn’t say much,but she seemed translucent in the sun,beaming,lit from within.I imagined it as her farewell tour of the world.I can only fathom 看穿 the poignant可怜的 wealth of feelings that were stimulated.For me ,it evoked the sense of being a tourist,where everything seems special,a little strange,and very impermanent.I had experienced this same lakefront that way three years before.Then,I had just recovered from my own near death in the form of a myocardial infarction心肌梗塞 and cardiac arrest and was filled with joy and gratitude感恩；感谢[to sb,for sth]; that I was still here.The world looked new. I had been Seana’s age. She taught me that awareness of death and appreciation of life go together:to imagine that you are seeing things for the last tome has the same intensity as seeing them for the first. 71.Upon finishing rounds,the author___ A.joined Seana for an outing B.went to the inpatient hospice unit临终关怀病区 C.managed to get a wheelchair for Seana D.found the prrfect weather for a stroll with Seana 72.We can infer that the smell of smoke made the author feel that ___ A.it was a wrong idea to smoke outside of the hospital B.the sidewlk was a wuong place for smoking C.it had been the right plan to go out D.Seans was at a wrong place 73.Outside the hospital,Seana enjoyed everything including___ A.the fast food at McDonald’s B.the smell of smoke C.the generation gap D.all of the above 74.The author would say that Seana being wheeled in the sun___ A.was fascinated by the team’s motley sight B.imagined her farewell tour of the world C.was emotionally aroused from within D.was fond of appreciating nature 75.During the outing,the author perceived Seans’s appreciation of life___ A.in her hope of recvery B.in her awareness of death C.in seeing things for the first time D.in bing a tourist at the lakefront Passage 4 Two equally brilliant scientists apply for a prestigious research fellowship awarded by a top scientific prganization.One is white,the other black.Does the color of their skin matter? Most scientists will already be screaming a resounding响亮的 “no”. Those who progress in science do so because of their work,not their pigmentation染色.Sceince is meritocratic and objective. It must therefore be rigorously color-blind and shun避开 both racial discrimination and affirmative action. Well,lit’s think about this.If science really is so meritocratic,where are all the black Nobel prize winners and fellows of the Royal Society?The black chairs of government scientific panels?The black Richard Dawkinses and Susan Greenfidlds?When Newsweek magazine recently surveyed Europe’s largest 100 companies it was shocked to unearth发掘, only six board members of non-European racial origin.One shudders to think what a similar survey of the upper echelons of European science would reveal. Even the usually stick-in-the-mud保守的; 顽固的 British government now acknowledges there is a problem .Last month it promised new funding for projects desighed to combat institutional racism in science education in schools.As measures go it is little and late,but welcome nonetheless.Despite starting school as the top achievers,black British children have long underperformed in science. And there are positive changes afoot higher up the scientific career ladder too.At present,few scientific organizations ,funding bodies or labs in Europe bother even to track the racial backgrounds of those they hire or fund.As a result the full scale of the under-representation problem is hidden.Not for much longer.Britain’s newly amended Race Relations Act requires all government bodies,including funding councils,to track the effects of their activities on different ethnic groups and ensure that all benefit equally.And next year a European Union directive will push all EU employers this way too. But ethnic monitoring alone will not create the black role models European science so badly needs.Something else is needed.Funding agencies基金管理机 and influential有影响的organizations like the Royal Society must bite the bullet of affirmative action.That means ring-fencing fellowships and grants for applicants from particular racial backgrounds.And it means seeking out those who have broken through the barriers of race and giving them preference over their equally well-qualified white peers for positions of influence and places in the spotlight公众注意的中心. Tokenism表面文章主义 and fine sentiments will no longer do.With other professions having already leapt ahead in this area,the enduring whiteness持久的苍白 of science is more than an embarrassment阻碍, 困窘:it is a barrier to its very credibility. If a large segment of Europe’s schoolchildren never see a scientist who looks like them,they will continue to think science is not for them.And if scientists don’t reflect the multifarcial多种的 societies they live in,they’ll find it hard to win the public trust they crave. Does color matter?You bet it does. 76.Science is not so meritocratic because___ A.it is color-blind B.it is racially diaceiminative C.it awards wrong research workers D.it is practiced by the white exclusively 77.The embarrassing problem addressed in the passage___embarrassment阻碍, 困窘, 拮据 A.was proved by Newsweek magazine’s survey B.shocked government scientific panels C.was revealed by the Royal Society D.all of the above 78.One of the positive changes afoot is ___ A.funding research institutions of labs B.setting up a scientific career ladder C.hiding the racial discrimination D.belittle racial