布什回答清华大学学生提问

布什回答清华大学学生提问 布什回答清华大学学生提问 清华学生：总统先生，昨天您和江主席进行了谈话，并且开了联合发布会，您在这个会上没有清楚地回答一个问题，就是战区导弹防御系统是否会包含台湾在内，另外我还想问每当你谈到台湾问题的时候，你就用和平解决这个字，而不用和平统一这个字，这是为什么？ THE STUDENT: Mr. President, yesterday I watched the press conference made by you and President Jiang Zemin. At the conference, you didn't clearly answer a question, which is concerned by almost everybody. It's why the TMD system will cover Taiwan. And what's more, whenever you talk about the Taiwan issue, you always use a phrase just like, peaceful settlement. You never use the phrase, peaceful reunification. What's the difference and why? PRESIDENT BUSH: Thank you, very good question. 布什总统：谢谢，非常好的问题。 First of all, I want to compliment you on your English. Very good. 首先赞赏你的英文，非常好。 The first thing that is important on the Taiwan issue is that my government hopes there is a peaceful, as I said, dialogue, that there is a settlement to this issue. But it must be done in a peaceful way. That's why I keep emphasizing peaceful. And, by the way, "peaceful" is a word intended for both parties, that neither party should provoke that -- go ahead, I'm sorry. 讲到台湾问题很重要的一点就是美国的政府在讲到如何和平解决台湾问题的时候总是说到和平对话，我们讲到“和平”这个字，我们指的是双方都要以和平的方式来解决，任何一方都不可以进行任何挑衅的行为。（意识到口译员要进行翻译，讲话暂停） THE INTERPRETER: First of all -- sorry. （口译员此处本应该译成中文，但翻译重复了布什的英语原话，立即表达歉意。） PRESIDENT BUSH: She's correcting my English. 布什总统：她在纠正我的英语。 THE INTERPRETER: I'm sorry, Mr. President. 口译员：抱歉，总统先生。 (Continues in Chinese.) （开始用中文翻译） PRESIDENT BUSH: We've had many discussions with your leaders, and I've reiterated support for the one China policy. It's been my government's policy for a long period of time, and I haven't changed it. 布什总统：我和中国的领导人经过多次的谈话，每一次我都强调我们是支持“一个中国”的政策，而且这是我们长期一贯的政策，到目前为止，没有改变。 I also, in your question about missile defenses, have made it clear that our nation will develop defenses to help our friends, our allies, and others around the world protect ourselves from rogue nations that have the -- that are trying to develop weapons of mass destruction. To me, that is essential for peace in the world. We have yet to develop a system, and therefore, that's exactly what I said yesterday. And it's the truth. But we're in the process of seeing if we can't develop a system. And I think it will bring more stability to the world than less. 至于有关导弹防御系统我已经说得非常清楚，这是一个防御性的系统是要帮助我们的盟友和其它一些国家来保护他们免受无赖国家的攻击，而这些国家他们是希望能够发展大规模杀伤性武器，我想在这点制定这个系统对和平来说是有必要的，这也是我昨天非常清楚说明的，这是事实，目前我们正在发展导弹防御系统的过程中目前还不知道它可行不可行，但是我觉得对全世界的和平稳定会带来贡献。 And let me just say one general comment that's very important for you to know. And it's also important for the people of my country to know -- that my administration is committed to peacefully resolving issues around the world. We want the issues resolved in a peaceful manner. And we've got a lot of issues that we deal with. We're dealing in the Middle East. And if you follow the news, it's a very dangerous period of time there. We're working hard to bring peaceful resolution there. We're working hard to bring a peaceful resolution to Kashmir, which is important for China. And I recently went to Korea and I made it very clear that we want to resolve the issues on the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful way. Another question, please? 还有一点就是我觉得对中国人来说对美国人来说都是必要知道的，就是美国政府希望能够以和平的方式解决发生在全世界的许多问题，因为美国现在处理的问题非常多，如中东的问题，你们从新闻上可能都知道了，这是一个非常危险的时代，所以我们正在努力的致力于和平，我们也希望能够克什米尔的问题也能够解决，因为这次我也到了韩国，我也在那里明确的表明了，我们需要和平的方式来解决朝鲜半岛的问题。下一个问题。 清华学生：总统先生您好，我是清华大学传播系的学生，很遗憾，刚才您的回答还是没有给我们清晰的回答，为什么在台湾问题上你们只用和平解决，而没有用和平统一呢？ THE STUDENT: It's a pity you still haven't given us -- sorry -- give us a clear question about whether you always use the "peaceful settlement". You have never said "peaceful reunification." It's a pity. PRESIDENT BUSH: We're back on Taiwan again -- (laughter) -- go ahead. 布什总统：又回到台湾问题了。（笑）请继续。 THE STUDENT: This is a question our Chinese people are extremely concerned about. 清华学生：这是一个我们中国人非常关心的问题。 PRESIDENT BUSH: Yes, I know. 布什总统：是的，我清楚。 清华学生：三天前您在日本访问时，在议会发表演讲说，美国将牢记对台湾的承诺，我想问总统先生这样一个问题，美国是否还牢记他对十三亿中国人民的承诺呢？那就是遵守《中美三个联合公报》和“三不”政策。 THE STUDENT: Three days ago, during your speech in the Japanese Parliament, you said, the United States will still remember its commitment to Taiwan. But my question is, does the U.S. still remember its commitment to 1.3 billion Chinese people? Abiding by the three Joint Communiques and three notes. Thank you. PRESIDENT BUSH: Thank you very much. As I said, this seems to be a topic on people's mind, obviously. I can't say it any more clearly, that I am anxious that there be a peaceful resolution that's going to require both parties to come to a solution. And that's what I mean by peaceful dialogue. And I hope it happens in my lifetime and I hope it happens in yours. It will make a -- it will be an important milestone. 布什总统：非常感谢。我想就台湾的问题我想已经再明确不过了，我希望看到台湾问题的和平得到和解，这就是我为什么说到需要和平对话原因，我也希望这件事情能够在我有生之年，或者您有生之年能够成就，这将是一个重要的里程碑。 And, secondly, when my country makes an agreement, we stick with it. And there is called the Taiwan Relations Act, and I honor that act, which says we will help Taiwan defend herself if provoked. But we've also sent the same message that there should be no provocation by either party for a peaceful dialogue. 我想美国政府是这样的，我们一旦签署了什么，我们都会遵守这个协议，我们美国与台湾有关系法，我们承诺要保护台湾，但我们也传达这样一个信息，就是任何一方不能有挑衅的行为，而应进行和平对话。 清华学生：总统先生您好，我是清华大学经管学院的学生，欢迎您这次来访，感谢您刚才精采的演讲，我们可以预见到中美两国的学术文化交流活动前景是非常广阔的，刚才在您精采的演讲当中我也看得出来您对我们清华大学给予了很高的评价，现在我的问题就是如果将来您的两个宝贝女儿有机会继续深造的话，您愿意让您的女儿来我们清华大学吗？ THE STUDENT: Mr. President, I'm a student coming from the School of Economics and Management in Tsinghua University. As we can see, China and the United States have a bright future in scientific and cultural exchanges. Now -- just now, you have made warm remarks about our universities. So my question is, if possible, do you -- will you be happy to encourage your daughters to study in our university? Thank you. PRESIDENT BUSH: I'm afraid they don't listen to me anymore. 布什总统：我恐怕她们已经不再听我的话了。 If you know what I mean. Let me -- first of all, I hope they do come here. It is an amazing country. You know, as I said, I was here in 1975. It is hard for me to describe the difference. It is an amazing transformation. I first saw that in Shanghai, earlier this fall -- or last fall. They would benefit from coming here, as would a lot of other United States students. I think our student exchange program is very important. I think our nation must be welcoming to Chinese students who would like to go study in America. I think that would benefit the students, but, as importantly, it would benefit American students. 我想你知道我的意思吧，首先我希望她们能够来清华，因为这是一个非常奇妙的国家，我第一次来中国的时候是1975年，和现在相比我实在很难用言语来形容中国发生的翻天覆地的变化，我当上总统第一次来中国的上海，我想她们和很多美国的学生一样，她们都希望到中国来看一看，所以我觉得我们两国之间进行学生交流是非常重要的，而且我也觉得美国应该欢迎中国的学生到美国去学习，因为我觉得这样子对中国的留学生来说是有好处的，对美国的学生本身来说也是非常有好处的。 It's so important for people to realize in both our countries that we're dealing with human beings that have got desires and loves and frustrations. 我想很重要的一点就是我们必须了解我们两国的人必须了解就是我们都是人，我们都是有七情六欲的，我们都是有我们的烦恼的，都是有我们的快乐的。 Even old citizens like me and the Vice President -- (laughter.) 年纪比较大的公民，像我们的副总统也是一样——（笑声） THE INTERPRETER: I'm sorry, sir? （口译员表示没有听清） PRESIDENT BUSH: Even old citizens like me and the Vice President -- (laughter) -- can benefit by spending time getting to know each other. Obviously, there are some issues in our relationship that we don't see 100 percent -- don't have a 100 percent agreement on. But it is so much better to discuss these issues after you get to know a person, as a person. 布什总统：像我和副总统这样年纪比较大的公民。因为我们如果一起交流，我们一起有时间在一起的，我们能够双方更加的了解，这是对我们有利的。因为在我们双边的关系中，我们的的确确有一些问题是我们不能够100％的达成一致的意见。但是当你能够和一个人相互更多的理解，更多的了解的话，您可能就着这些分歧和问题你能够进行更好的讨论，毕竟我们是人，是有血有肉的人。 We're human beings, first and foremost. There are just some important characteristics that are real. And, you know, I talked about my families in my speech. Family is just such an important, integral part of any society. And China has got a grand history of honoring family that is an important tradition, an important part of your culture. And I hope my country, as well, has a -- is known for a strong tradition of family. That's a concept that is not owned by a particular country; it is universal. And when students get to know each other, they learn the universality of many values. And that's going to be important for peace in the world. 我觉得非常重要的就是一点，我们认识我们毕竟是血肉之躯，我们毕竟是人，所以有一些事情，像我在演讲中提到我的家人，我觉得因为家庭是在任何社会中不可分割，也是非常重要的一个组成部分，所以我知道中国在历史上文化上都有非常敬老尊贤的传统，所以我希望美国也有这样的传统，这个概念不只是给某个国家的，这是一个全球性的概念，所以我想当两国学生聚在一起学习的时候，我们能够更加理解对方的价值观，我想这样对世界和平非常重要。 清华学生: 总统先生您好，我是清华大学传播系的学生，在去年圣诞节前，您的弟弟尼尔.布什曾经访问过我们清华大学，当时他来的时候就讲，在美国有很多人特别是政界对我们中国有很多的误解，刚才我们的副主席胡锦涛还有您都有提到都想促进两国之间的关系健康的发展还有人员之间的交流，我的问题是，作为美国总统您打算采取哪些具体的措施促进两国人员之间在各个层面之间的交流？ THE STUDENT: Mr. President, I'm a student from Center for International Communication Studies. Younger Bush Neil Bush visited our university just before last Christmas, and he mentioned that there are many Americans, especially politicians, have a lot of misunderstandings about China. So just like -- just as our Vice President Hu Jintao and you mentioned, you all want to make efforts to promote the Sino-American relationship to go ahead smoothly. So my question is, being the President of the United States, what will it take -- some action to promote the contacts and exchanges between the two countries, between the peoples at all different levels? Thank you. PRESIDENT BUSH: Well, first of all, my trip here and my discussion here helps promote -- (applause) -- people in my country are paying attention to my visit here. And it should interest you that I was here in the fall and I'm back here again in the winter -- twice, in a very brief period of time. That should say something about the importance of our relationships. It's important for our political leaders to come to China. And I know many have, and more ought to come. It's important for the rhetoric, when we describe what we've seen to be accurate and real. And when I go back home, I describe a great nation, a nation that has not only got a great history, but an unbelievably exciting future. 布什总统：首先我想我来到中国访问，来到清华大学就是在促进交流。（掌声）因为美国人非常注意我访华的整个行程，我想你应该很有兴趣的知道就是我上回是先到上海，然后在很短的时间内我在冬天就来到了北京，在很短的时间里两次访华，我想这一点就可以说明我是如何看重我们的双边关系。我觉得很重要的就是让美国的政界的领导人能够来访问中国，我想很多都已经来过，但是还有许多还要来。我想能够来看一看，我们回去向他们形容中国的时候，会比较准确，像我回到美国之后，我会告诉他们中国是一个伟大的国家，有非常悠久和优秀的历史，但是不只如此，还有非常美好的未来。 Many people in my country are very interested in China, and many come, as you know. They come to not only see the beautiful countryside, but they come to learn more about the culture and the people. And we've got to continue to encourage travel between both our countries. But you know what's going to really make a significant difference in the world understanding of your great country is the Olympics. It's going to be a fantastic opportunity. It is. It's going to be a chance for people from all over the world, not only to come and　visit and to stay in hotels and to see the modernization that's　taken place, but everybody in the world is going to watch it on TV too. And it's going to be a great opportunity. And I think and that's one of the reasons why I think it made sense to give Beijing the Olympics in 2008. 很多美国人对中国非常感兴趣，不只是来看中国非常漂亮的风景，而且要对中国人和中国的文化更进一步的了解，我想我们两个国家都必须继续的鼓励双边的人民相互的访问。我想可以在很大的程度上改变全世界对中国的印象的一个机会就是当你们举办奥林匹克运动会，这将是一个太好的机会了。所以我觉得因为到时候全世界人都要来到中国，他们不只是来看运动会，而且可以看到中国现代化的发展，不只是来的人可以看到，全世界人通过直播都可以看到，所以我觉得让北京得到主办2008年的奥运会主办权我觉得是有道理的。 清华学生：总统先生，您1975年来过中国，到现在20多年过去了，您刚才也提到了中国发生了很多的变化，您有没有发现除了经济之外的中国社会的一些进步？ THE STUDENT: Mr. President, you have been to China in 1975 and you have　mentioned just now there are a lot of changes in the Chinese　society. And besides the progress in economy, have you noticed any other social progress in the Chinese society? Thank you. PRESIDENT BUSH: Well, I appreciate that. Let me tell you my most notable the thing I've noticed the most and it has to do with the economy, but it also has to do with a different attitude toward the people. In 1975, everybody wore the same clothes. Now people pick their own clothes. Just look here on the front row: Everybody's dressed differently because you thought this is what you wanted. You made the decision to wear a beautiful red sweater. And when you made that decision, somebody made it. In other words, the person, the individual, the demand for a product influences the production as opposed to the other way around. 布什总统：我想我来中国发现最凸现的一个现象当然是稍微和经济有关的，但是总的来说，就是整个人民这种态度的改变，因为在1975年的时候，我来的时候，每个人的服装都是一样的，现在你们高兴穿什么就穿什么，你看你们第一排的全都是不一样的服装，因为你觉得这是我喜欢的，我要这么穿，当你要套上这个漂亮的羊毛上衣的时候，你说这是我做的决定，当你主动的做出这样的决定的时候，别的人看了他们也要做出自己的决定，因此，对一个产品的需求就影响了整个的生产，而不是由生产来影响产品的需求。 Recognizing the desires of the individual in the marketplace is part of a free society. It is a part of the definition of freedom. And I see that as the most significant change that I can see besides the new buildings and all of the construction. But the most important thing is the human dimension of freeing people to decide for themselves. And with that freedom comes other freedoms. So you can understand why the transformation from my memory of 1975 to today is significant. I mean it is an amazing change. For the better, I might add. I'll answer one more question, then I got to go have lunch with your president. 如果你能够认识到在市场上每一个人的这种需要，那这个就是自由社会的一个现象之一，这就是我们解释自由的其中一个意义，所以我来到这里，我看见的不只是高楼大厦，我觉得最明显的就是每个人现在可以自由的做出自己的选择了，有了做个人选择的自由，你就可以有其它的自由，你可以自由的做其它的事情，所以您就知道为什么75年和今天相比我这么惊叹中国的变化这么大，但是我还要加上一句这个变化是朝更好的方向发展的。我只能再回答一个问题了，然后我跟你们的主席吃饭去了。 清华学生：谢谢您给我提最后这个问题的机会。我以前有幸读过您的一本自传，您提到美国社会存在的一些社会问题，校园犯罪，青年暴力，贫困儿童问题。据我所知，我们清华一位校友去年在美国就学期间被枪杀了，这种问题现在还在越演越烈。作为美国的总统，您对解决目前美国的人权状况有何打算呢？ THE STUDENT: Thank you, Mr. President, for giving me the last chance to ask you a question. I have read your autobiography, and in it you wrote about some social problem in the U.S. today, just like the violence in campus and juvenile delinquency, and such as the children in poverty. And we know -- a former schoolmate of our university, Tsinghua, and he studied in USA and was killed last year. And I feel so sad. And I know this kind of crime has become more and more serious in today U.S. As the President, do you have any good plan to improve the human rights today in the U.S.? Thank you. PRESIDENT BUSH: Sure. Well, first of all, I'm proud to report that violent crime actually is going down. But any crime is too much crime. I mean, anytime somebody is violent toward their neighbor, it's too much violence. And there's no question, we've got people living in poverty. But, as I mentioned, our government is very generous in the amounts of money we spend trying to help people help themselves. When we all campaigned for office, one of the big debates is how best to help people help themselves. 布什总统：首先要告诉你们的是，现在暴力犯罪率在美国已经开始下降了，但是只要有一起犯罪案就算太多了。只要一个人对他的邻居会施行暴力，那就是不能接受的。在美国的确有很多人还处在贫困当中，美国政府花了很多的金钱来帮助这些处在贫困的人,希望他们以后能够自力更生。当我们竞选的时候，我们最大的讨论或者是一个辩论的题目就是如何帮助别人自力更生。 Foreign policy is an important part of our campaigns, of course -- at least for President. But the American voter really is more focused on domestic politics, what's happening at home, as you can imagine. If the economy is soft, like ours is now, they want to know what's going to happen -- what are you doing about the economy? If the economy's good, then they don't talk much about the economy. 当然，对美国总统来说，在选举的时候，外交问题也是一个重要的课题，但是美国的选民他们更注意的是国内的政治局势，他们比较关注国内的问题，所以当一个经济出现疲软的时候，好像在美国目前的情形他们就要知道你要怎么样来拯救经济，如果经济情况好的话，他们根本不谈经济。 But always we talk about two key issues to address your problem. One is welfare; how do we structure a welfare system that helps people in need, and in my judgment, should not make them dependent upon their government. 我们常常在竞选的时候谈到两个主要的关键问题，第一个就是我们社会保障的结构问题，就是我们如何来帮助美国的需要社会福利的人，我们帮助他们有一个条件就是不能让他们过渡的或是长期的依赖政府。 And the other big issue is education. It's always not only an important part of campaigns, but it's an important part of being -- once you're in office. 另外一个主要的常常讨论的问题就是教育，这个问题有时候可能在竞选的时候不是那么重要，但是当你当选了以后就非常的重要了。 When I was the governor of Texas, I used to always say, an educated child is one less likely to commit a crime. 当我还是当德克萨斯州的州长的时候，我常常说一件事情，如果你能够给一个儿童非常好的教育，你就能够避免他以后出去犯罪。 As a governor, and now as President, I have spent a lot of time working with members of both political parties to develop an education plan that starts making sure children learn before they just get shuffled through the system. 当了总统以后，我和两党的议员们都希望能够制定一个，就是帮助学龄前的儿童能够有一个非常好的开始，还没有到学校他们就开始学习了。 One of the saddest facts about my country is that there are a significant number of fourth grade students who cannot read at grade level. 现在的美国一个比较令人悲伤的一个事实就是现在的美国有一些四的生他们没有办法达到他们那个年级的阅读能力。 Imagine a child who can't read in the fourth grade is a child that's not going to be able to read in the eighth grade. And if a child can't read in the eighth grade, it's likely that child's not going to be able to read sufficiently when they get out of high school, and therefore won't be able to go to college. It's a shame in America that that's the case. 如果你想想四年级还不能阅读的话，他到初二的时候就更不能阅读，他毕业了之后，就更没有办法以后再继续的上大学，如果这种情绪继续下去的话，对美国来说也是一个死路。 So as part of an education bill I managed to get through Congress last year, we've got a significant reading initiative, where we'll work with the states and the local jurisdictions to focus on an education program that emphasizes reading. This year I hope to work with my wife and others on a early childhood development program, so the youngsters get the building blocks to learn how to read. 所以，在去年的时候我就向国会呈上了一个议案，我们在国会中经过了很多的讨论，今年我也是希望和州一级和地方政府的立法机关我希望能够就这个问题继续推动这个创意，我想我们的重点是放在教他们在阅读方面，今年我和我的夫人继续推动一个计划就是学龄前的儿童能够得到教育。 I'm actually working my way to your question, I promise you. 我正在慢慢的回答你的问题。 Because education is the best anti-crime program. It's important to enforce law.  It's important to hold people accountable for their actions. It is important to have consistent policy that says, if you harm somebody, there will be a punishment for that harm. 因为我觉得教育就是反犯罪的一个最好的途径，执法是非常重要的，让人们因为自己的行为而受到惩罚或者是负起责任是很重要的，但是我们坚持我们的政策的一致也是非常重要的，就是说你如果犯罪了，你就必须受刑法。 But in the best interests for my country, the long-term solution is to make sure the education system works for everybody. And when that happens, there will be a more hopeful future for people, and there will be less poverty, less hopelessness, and less crime. Listen, thank you for letting me come. 所以最符合美国的利益的能够长期解决这个问题，就是让每人都有受教育的机会，我想这对我们的未来是非常好的，谢谢大家。