本科英语自学考试《口译和听力》（杨俊峰主编）课后习题答案

15    Tourism Exercises E-C     Put the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Tropical plants, sandy desert, waterfallls, craters and caves make the 780-square-kilometer Hawaiian National Park a tourist attraction. 热带植物、沙漠、瀑布、火山口、山洞使780平方公里的夏威夷国家公园成为一个旅游圣地。 2. In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice mass lie buried in the earth, which is permaneytly frozen to a depth of ninety or more meters. 阿拉斯加州位于北极圈，其北部地区现在仍然是冰山和北极熊盘踞之地，大冰块掩藏在下面，常年冰冻，其厚度达90余米。 3. Together with the Missouri, its chief western branch, the Mississippi flows some 6,400 kilomers from its northern sources in the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico, which makes it one of the world's longest waterways. 密西西比河与其主要分支密苏里河一起，从其主要发源地洛矶山脉起，流程约6，400公里，注入墨西哥湾，是世界上最长的水上航道之一。 4. In 1872, Yellowstone became the  world's first national park. It is a wonderful land which has intrigued the minds of men and moved them, inspired them. 1872年黄石成为世界上第一个国家公园。这里是一片神奇的土地，它激发了人们的情感，鼓舞着他们，鞭策着他们。 5. The Great Lakes are the largest group of lakes in the world, covering 95,170 square miles in surface, draining an area of 295,200 square miles and flowing to the sea at a rate of 240,000 cubic feet per second - more than the Seine, Thames and Danube combined. 北美洲五大湖是世界上最大的湖泊群，占地面积9.517万平方英里，流域面积29.52万平方英里，以每秒24万立方英尺的流速流入大海－比塞纳河、泰晤士河、多瑙河加起来的流速还要快。 6. Perhaps no scene can equal the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. There, for a million and a half years, the great river has been gouging through the mountain rocks. 也许没有任何风景要与科罗拉多大峡谷相媲美，150万年来，这条大河一直从那里穿岩而过。 7. Modern exploration of the upper part of the Nile began in about 1837 when Mohammed Ali, the Turkish ruler of Egypt, ordered a search to be made for the river's source. 对尼罗河上游的现代探险大约开始于1837年，当时在埃及的土耳其统治者穆罕默德阿里发布命令探索尼罗河的发源地。 8. A half million visitors go to Death Valley each year, to look at its magnificently varied scenery and to recapture the flavor of those days of privation and hardship which gave the valley its name. 死谷以当年人们在此遇到的艰难困苦而得名，现在每年有50万游客到死谷去领略那变幻无穷的风景，重新体验当时艰难困苦的滋味。 9. Yellowstone National Park was designated an International Biosphere Reserve in 1976 and a World Heritage Site in 1978 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). 黄石公园1976年被联合国教科文组织定为国际自然保护区，1978年又被列为世界文化遗产。 10. If your idea of a museum is dusty row of glass cases, or rooms full of poorly lit paintings, you'll be surprised when you visit some of the museums in the United States. 如果你认为博物馆只不过是一排落满灰尘的玻璃柜，或是一些光线暗淡的藏画室，那么当你参观美国的一些博物馆时，你会感到吃惊。 Exercises C-E 1. 西安的一日五游原来是为了方便游客游览古都的名胜古迹，但却引起了不少投诉，并因乱收费而败坏了名誉。 Visiting 5 places a day in Xi'an was originally intended to make it convenient for tourists to visit the scenic spots and historical sites of the anient capital. But it causes many complaints and is defamed because of unreasonable charge. 2. 黄浦江发源于嘉兴，流经上海市区在吴淞与长江汇合，全长八十公里，平均宽度为四百米。 The Huangpu River, rising in Jiaxing, flows through Shanghai City and joins Yangtze at Wusong. Its entire length is 80 km and the average width 400m. 3. 一九八九年在深圳建成了中国第一家主题公园锦绣中华，从而在全国范围内激起了开办主题公园的兴趣。 In 1989, the first theme park, Splendid China was established in Shenzhen, which aroused the nation-wide interest of setting up theme parks. 4. 中国五十六个民族的风俗和文化是中国的宝贵财富，也是中国最重要的旅游资源之一。 The various customs and cultures of 56 nationalities in China are valuable wealth of China and also one of the most important tourist resources. 5. 自对公众开放以来，大连森林动物园已吸引了众多海内外游客前来参观。如果您的时间只允许您游览城市的几个景点的话，它当然是您的最佳选择。 Dalian Forest Zoo has drawn lots of tourists home and abroad since it was open to the public. If your time only permits you to visit a few scenic spots of the city, of course it is the best place you'll choose. 6. 西双版纳是热带雨林气候，阳光充足、雨水充沛，因为美丽的亚热带风光和独特的民族风情而闻名。因为那里丰富的动植物资源，它还享有“动植物王国”的美誉。 Blessed with a tropical rain forest climate with abundant sunshine and rainfall, Xishuangbanna is noted for beautiful subtropical scenery and unique ethnic customs. It also enjoys a good reputation of "Kingdom of Plants and Animals" because of its plentiful plant and animal resources. 7. 中国国际旅行社创立于一九五八年六月一日，是全国闻名的A级旅行社。它有着丰富的接待经验和覆盖世界的网络，每年可接待海外游客二十八万人次。 Chinese International Travel Agency, founded on June 1 1958, is the first-rate notable travel agency throughout the country. It boasts a great deal of reception experience and world-wide internet, and can receive 280,000 overseas tourists each year. 8. 上海是东亚季风气候，东面环海，气候温暖湿润，四季分明。 Shanghai, enclosed on east side by the sea, has an eastern Asian monsoon climate which is warm and humid with four different seasons. 9. 在长江下游地区和太湖沿岸有一座拥有两千五百年历史的古城－苏州，它也是吴文化的摇篮。说到苏州，人们就会提起那句老话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭”。 Suzhou, located along the Taihu Lake and in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River,is an ancient city with a history of 2,500 years and also the cradle of Wu civilization. To speak of Suzhou, people are likely to mention the old saying:"Up above there is Paradise, down here there are Suzhou and Hangzhou." 10. 从汉代起，西安就已经是一座在中外国际交流中十分重要的城市。著名的丝绸之路始于此地。 Since Han Dynasty, Xi'an has been a very important city in the international exchange of China and foreign countries. The famous ancient Silk Road started here. 16    Economy 1. One industry which has done much to rejuvenate the economy of the South since the end of the Second World War is the very important oil industry. 二战以来，对重振南方经济做出重大贡献的是非常的石油工业。 2. In the five states of Arkasas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma and Texas, crude oil production almost doubled from 1,272,782,000 barrels in 1950 to 2,480,764,000 barrels in 1972. 在阿肯色州，路易斯安娜州，密西西比州，俄克拉荷马州，德克萨斯州五个州中，1972年的原油产量为2,480,764,000桶，几乎是1950年的1,272,782,000的两倍。 3. Never far from bearish minds is the 1987 crash, which saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunge 508 points on Black Monday. 人们心中挥之不去的是1987年股票市场的崩溃，在那个黑色星期一，道琼斯工业平均指数暴跌508点。 4. During the last half of the 1980s, Japanese companies based much of their expansion around the world on the wildly inflated values of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Japan's frenzied real estate market. 在80年代上半叶，日本公司基于东京股票交易所的疯狂升值和疯狂的地产市场在全世界扩张。 5. With intellectual property now accounting for more than 25% of U.S exports, protection against international piracy ranks high on the government's trade agenda. 在现代美国的对外出口中，智力财产已占有25%的份额。反国际盗版在美国政府贸易日程上被放在了重要位置。 6. Some economists hold that Asia has begun what will be a lengthy journey to stability and recovery, a process which will last for at least the next year. 有些经济学认为亚洲已经踏上通知稳定和复苏的漫长道路，这个过程将持续最少十年。 7. Now the official trading and business currency of eleven European countries, the euro won't be the official cash currency in these nations until January 1st, 2002. 现在，欧盟十一国中官方贸易贸易——欧元，在2002年1月1日前将不会在那些国家中成为官方货币。 8. Before I came here, I learned from a TV program that China's foreign trade has developed remarkably and the kinds of export goods have much increased. 在这之前，从一个电视节目中我了解到中国的外贸已有了飞速发展，各种出口物资大大增加。 9. Without sufficient evidence to support, your claim is untenable, and we can see no point in pursuing it further. 没有足够的证据支持，你的主张是站不住脚的，也没有必要进一步去坚持。 10. Although we are keen to meet your requirements, we regret that we are unable to  comply with your request to reduce the prices as our prices are closely calculated. 我方虽非常希望能满足贵方的要求，但遗憾的是我方不能接受贵方降低价格的要求，因为我方价格是精确计算出来的。 Exercises C-E 1、尽管我们对过去的贸易合作感到满意，但还有扩大双边贸易的可能。我此次来访的目的就是探讨发展双方的贸易前景，讨论过去所出现的一些问题 Although we are satisfied with the past trade cooperation, there is still possibility of expanding bilateral trade. The purpose of my visit this time is to inquire into the prospect of bilateral trade development and to discuss some problems appearing in the past. 2、我们相信本公司极具竞争力的价格、完美的设计及产品极高的品质，必将确保销售量的稳定上升。 We believe that the competitive price, perfect design and the supreme quality of the products will ensure the stable increase of sales volume. 3、世界银行的使命是建立一种机制，为恢复和发展经济提供长期所需的外汇。 The mission of the World Bank is to establish a kind of framework to provide long-term foreign exchange for economic recovery and development. 4、债券实际上是发行公司的一种长期债务，公司要隔一定的时间，比如说一年或半年，会利息给持有者。 Bond is actually a kind of long-term dabt of company of issue. The company will pay owners interest at certain intervals, for example, one year or a half. 5、从以往来看，中国开展对外贸易的目的在于为自己的工业化获得资本货物，克服国内生产的严重短缺和瓶颈以及促进其政策和外交目标的实现。 Seen from the past, the purpose of China's developing foreign trade lies in gaining capital goods for its own indutrialization and overcoming the serious shortage in domestic production and help to achieve the goal of its policy and diplomacy. 6、在今年的前三个月中，这个高科技开发区批准了总价值为一亿七千美元的十四个来自台湾的投资项目。 In the first three months this year, this high-tech development zone approved of the 14 investment items from Taiwan with the total value of 170,000,000 dollars. 7、我们坚持必须遵守我方条款，若无法做到这一点，十分抱歉，我们将不得不取消定单。 We insist on your complying with our terms. If you fail to do so, we are sorry that we will have to cancel the order. 8、近年来，中国政府制定了一系列法规，为外国投资者提供了更多的方便。 In recent years, Chinese government has made a series of laws and regulations for the covenience of foreign investors. 9、我们主张在一切国际经济事务方面，发展中国家都应有充分的发言权。 We maitain that the developing countries should have enough say in any aspect of international economic affairs. 10、我们两国在农业、渔业和地质等领域有着光明的合作前景。 Our two countries have bright prospects of cooperation in the fields of argriculture, fishery ,geology and so on. 17 Education Exercises E-C 1、 Further education includes all kinds of educational studies and activities, formal and informal, except full-time secondary education and university deucation, for persons of any age beyond compulsory school age. 继续教育包括对超过义务教育年龄的人所进行的各种接受教育的学习和活动，无论正式与否。全日制的中学教育和大学教育除外。 2、 US public primary and secondary schools have always been financed by local taxes levied by the city or town. 美国公立中小学一直都是由当地市镇的税收提供资金的。 3、 In university course selections, women are entering some professional programs in increasing numbers, but their participation remains low in fields traditionally choose by men: engineering, mathematics and sciences. 在大学课程的选修中，正在涉足某些职业项目的女性日益增加，但是在传统上由男性所选择的工程、数学和理科领域，她们的参与率仍然维持在低水平。 4、 Education is compulsory from ages five to sixteen and public education is free to all children in the elementary and sedondary grades. 五至十六岁接受教育是强制性的，公办教育对中小学的所有学生都是免费的。 5、 Public schools, which provide education for about 88% of American children, have brought the American ideals of universal education and equal opportunity for all closest to realization. 为大约88％的美国儿童提供教育的公立学校使美国人普及教育、机会均等的理想基本实现。 6、 American education on the college level is provided by more than 3,000 institutions. They range in size from very small schools serving only a few hundred to huge state universities with student bodies exceeding 40,000. 美国的大学教育是由3000多个机构提供的，其规模有只有数百名学生的小学校，也有学生总数超过40000名的国立大学。 7、 Universities are regarded as ivory towers and consequently enjoy total academic freedom. For instance, university authorities are in complete control of admission, the contents of the curriculum, teaching methods, awarding degrees and the appointment of staff. 大学被视为象牙塔，所以完全享有学术自主权。比如，学校方面完全控制着入学、教学、教学方法、学位的授予和员工的任命。 8、 English Language Teaching Contacts Scheme for China List is a British Countil China on-line discussion group for Chinese English language teaching professionals with an interest in developing themselves and sharing views on ELT. “中国英语教学研讨接触计划”是为志在发展自我、交流英语教学的中国英语教学职业人员而设立的英中在线研讨团体。 9、 Experts say that private consultants are gaining in popularity because more high school students want to go to college and feel they need a competitive edge to help them get in. 专家们说家庭教师越来越受欢迎，因为更多的中学生想上大学同时感到需要一把利刃帮助他们进入大学校门。 10、Oxford University attracts schools from many parts of the world to join its teaching and research staff, and also values important role of overseas graduate students in providing intellectual, stimulation and creating and maintaining academic links with colleges abroad. 牛津大学吸引着来自世界许多地方的学者加入它的教师教研队伍，并且重视海外研究生在增进知识和与国外大学建立并保持学术关系方面所起的重要作用。 17 Education Exercises C-E 1、落后的教育和人才的缺乏是妨碍中国成功实施西部大开发战略的最大障碍。 The backward education and the shortage of qualified personnel are big barriers to the successful fulfillment of China's intensive development strategy of the wetern regions. 2、中国即将加入世界贸易组织，中国的教育必须满足国际交流的需要。 Since China is on the verge of entering into the WTO, its education must satisfy the needs of international exchange. 3、教育部、财政部和国家发展计划委员会于近期联合颁布了一项公告，规定改变我国农村地区的学费。 A recent proclamation jointly issued by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Development and Planning Commission states that the tuition fees in the rural areas of our country will be changed. 4、在今年毕业的四百多名研究生中，已有约三分之一选择了到中国西部地区工作，为我国的西部大开发战略贡献力量。 Approximately one-third of the more than 400 graduate students who received their degrees this year have chosen to work in the western parts of China in order to contribute to our country's grant development strategy of the western regions. 5、这是一所国家重点大学，宽阔的校园坐落在南运河边。能否被录取要看学习成绩和个人表现而定。 It is a key national university whose broad campus is located near the bank of Nanyun River. Admission depends on the applicants' test scores and their personal qualifications. 6、十月十八日教育部的一位官员在福州说，到2005年中国的大学生将在今年的基础上增加两百余万，达到四百多万名。 An official from the Ministry of Education revealed in Fuzhou on October 18 that in 2005, the number of China's university students will increase by more than 2 million. This year's figure amounts to more than 4 million. 7、由中国教育国际交流协会主办的首届中国教育国际论坛于2000年11月10日在北京举行。此次教育论坛主题为“二十一世纪信息技术的发展对教育的挑战”。 The First China International Forum on Education sponsored by the China Education Association for International Exchange was held in Beijing on November 10 2,000. The main topic of the forum was "Challenges to the Education from the IT Development in the 21st Century". 8、教育部近日发布了《教师资格条件》实施办法。根据教师法的规定，只有具备教师资格的人员，方可在各类学校和其他教育机构中从事教学工作。 The Regulations for the Enforcement of Qualifications for Teachers' was issued recently by the Ministry of Education. According to the stipulations of the "Law for Teachers", only those who are qualified can be engaged in the teaching job at schools of all kinds and other educational institutions. 9、今年的研究生考试报名工作近日结束。据悉，今年研究生报名规模大幅度增长达12万人。其中硕士生为9.5万人。今年的录取工作将比以往更符合招生计划和考试结果的实际情况。 The work concerning this year's application for the graduate qualification test has been finished recently. It is said that the number of the applicants this year sharply increased to 120,000, 92,000 of which were for Master's degrees. The admission work this year will be even more suitable for the admission plan and the actual examination result. 10、全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会日前在北京宣布，计划筹资一千万元，用八年时间组织西部地区的一万名农村小学教师完成小学教育专业大学自学考试。 The Guiding Committee of the National Higher Education Examination Program for the Self-taught announced recently in Beijing that they would allocate ten million yuan for organizing ten thousand rural primary school teachers in the western regions to fulfill the junior-college-level self-taught examination for the specialty of primary education in a period of 8 years. 18 Environmental Protection Exercises E-C 1、 To save humans and other creatures on earth, to protect the natural environment for ourselves and our descendants, we must stop the foolish practice of discharging sewage into streams, rivers,lakes and seas. 为了拯救人类及其他地球生物，保护我们和子孙后代的自然环境，我们必须制止向江、河、湖、海倾倒垃圾的愚蠢行径。 2、 Mandatory measures must be reinforced by authorized departments and severe penalties must be imposed on those who defy regulations. 指定部门必有加强强制性措施，对违规者必须进行严厉处罚。 3、 People worry that due to heat accumulation in the atmosphere as a result of ever-increasing carbon dioxide and other pollutants released to the atmosphere, the ice field covering Antarctica and Greenland will ultimately dissolve, causing the sea level to rise by more than 200 feet and flood large tracts of land where human inhabit. 人们担心大气层由于二氧化碳激增招致的热能的积聚以及其它释放于大气层的污染物，覆盖于南极和格陵兰的冰川终将融化，由此导致海平面上升200多英尺，并淹没人类居留的广袤土地。 4、 A green product is one that has less impact on the environment. So that means that it might use less resources, it may create less wasate, and be more energy efficient. 绿色产品就是对环境影响较小的产品，这就意味着耗费较少的资源，会产生较少的废物，并且更充分地利用能源。 5、 In the international meeting held in Kyoto, Japan were reported to have temporarily agreed to cut down their carbon dioxide emissions by a few percent based on the 1990 amount. 据报道，美国、日本和一些欧盟发达国家最近在日本京都召开的一次国际会议上达成临时，在1990年定量基础上削弱其二氧化碳排放量的几个百分点。 6、 The past decade has been the warmest for 1,000 years, according to an analysis of ice cores drilled from a glacier in the Himalayas. The findings, which were published in Science, offer new evidence of global warming. 根据对自喜马拉雅冰川钻取的冰芯所做的分析，过去十年是千年以来最温暖的十年，发表于《科学》杂志上的这一发现为全球变暖提供了新的证据。 7、 Our goal is that when you walk into every grocery-store, every mass merchandiser all over the country, you have a choice between environmentally safe, recycled, non-toxic products, and regular products. 我们的目标是你走遍全国任何一家杂货铺和大众商店，都可在环保型、再生型、无毒型产品和常规型产品间做出选择。 8、 As the world's two biggest producers of toxic emissions which result in global warming, the US and China have a special responsibility to act together to reduce these threats to our environment. 作为世界上两个最大的导致全球变暖的毒气排放国，中国和美国有责任共同协作，以减少对环境的威胁。 9、 As the American economy grew into the world's largest, our environmental problems mounted until in 1963, we passed the Clean Air Act, and two years later the Water Pollution Control Act. 由于美国发展成为世界头号经济强国，其环境问题不断增加；到1963年，国家通过了空气净化法案，两年后又通过了水污染控制法。 10、In the past thirty years, we have developed many leading-edge technologies to clean up environmental damage and to prevent pollution before it damages our natural heritage. 过去三十年间，我们发展了多六尖端技术，以修复对环境的破坏，并且制止污染，以免毁损我们的自然遗产。 Exercises C-E 1、人口的增长导致对世界上固定的空气、水、土地的需求不断增长。与人口增长相伴的是越来越多的人渴望着更高的生活水平。 Polution expansion leads to the increasing demand for fixed air, water and land. It naturally follows that more and more people long for high living standard. 2、 我们的观点是环境保护必须与经济和社会发展协调进行。 Our idea is that environmental protection should well coordinate with the social and economical development. 3、多年以来中国政府在保持生态平衡、保护环境、消灭贫困、控制人口增长和改善人民的生活条件等方面作出了不遗余力的努力。 For many years the Chinese government has done its utmost in the aspects of maintaining ecological balance, protecting environment, getting rid of poverty, controlling population increase and improving people's living standard. 4、中国首都北京已拟定了一项雄心勃勃的计划，到2005年把城市绿地面积提高到百分之四十，到2010年绿地面积将达到百分之四十五。根据市政府的这项计划，五年后北京市居民人均绿地面积为十平方米，十年后达到十五平方米。 Beijing, the capital of China, has made an ambitious plan to raise the area of urban greenery patches to 40% and by the year 2010, it will reach 45%. According to this plan of the city government, in 5 years, each citizen of Beijing will possess an area of 10 square meters of greenery patches, and in ten years 15 square meters. 5、中国科学院的一位专家在周二指出在今后的几年中，中国将会经历更多的沙尘暴，其中一些会有很强的破坏性。 An expert of the Chinese Academy of Sciences pointed out on Tuesday that in the next few years, China will meet with more sand and dust storms, many of which will be very damaging. 6、华南的风景胜地桂林因其明澈的河水与壮美的山峰而闻名于世。最近桂林发起了一场募捐运动来保护它的主要河流：漓江。 Guilin, the scenic spot of southern China, is world famous for its clear river and magnificent mountains. Recently, it has launched a movement of solicit contribution to protect Lijiang, its main river. 7、朱镕基总理曾说过中国应动员全民参加植树造林运动，使祖国的山水更加美丽葱郁。 Premier Zhu Rongji once said China should call on the whole nation for a movement of afforestation to make our rivers and mountains more verdant and beautiful. 8、中国正在建造一个网络，通过使用遥感技术、全球定位系统和地理信息系统来监测长江三角洲的水土流失问题。 China is building a network to watch the problem of soil erosion in the Changjiang delta by applying the remote sensing technology, the global locating system and the geographical information system. 9、国家环保局最近的一次调查表明华东主要湖泊太湖的严重污染问题已初步得到了控制。 A recent investigation of the environmental Protection Agency shows that the serious pollution problem of Taihu Lake has preliminarily been brought under control. 10、第七届国际环保展览大会将于明年六月在北京国际展览中心举行。为期四天的展会将展示先进的环保技术与设备，如清洁的煤炭产品、污水处理和垃圾利用技术。 The Seventh International Conference on Environmental Protetion will be held in the Beijing International Exhibition Center in June next yea