汉斯。摩根索

汉斯摩根索为纪念备注 July 23, 1980 1980年7月23日 Hans Morgenthau was my teacher.汉斯摩根索是我的老师。 And he was my friend.而且他是我的朋友。 I must say that at the outset because so many obituaries have stressed his disagreement with policies with which I have become identified.我必须说，在一开始就因为有这么多的讣告强调了他的发现成为政策分歧而我有。 We knew each other for a decade and a half before I entered office.我们知道彼此有十年半之前，我走进办公室。 We remained in sporadic contact while I served the government.我们仍然零星接触，而我所服务的政府。 We saw more of each other afterwards.我们看到彼此更之后。 It is not often possible that one can identify a seminal figure in contemporary political thought or in one's own life.这不是一个人可以经常可能确定一个政治思想在当代的开创性人物或自己的生命。 Hans Morgenthau made the study of contemporary international relations a major and separate discipline.汉斯摩根索使当代国际关系研究的主要和独立的学科。 All of us who taught the subject after him, however much we differed from each other, had to start with his reflections.我们所有的题目谁教他之后，不论我们彼此不同，竟也做起了他的思考。 Not everybody agreed with Hans Morgenthau; nobody could ignore him.不是每个人都同意汉斯摩根索，没有人可以不理会他。 And on a personal level, he and I remained close through all the intellectual upheavals and disputes of two and a half decades.而在个人层面上，我和他仍然接近通过所有的知识分子动荡和两个争端半几十年。 To establish international relations as a discipline was not an easy matter in the United States.要建立一门学科的国际关系不是一个简单的事情，美国在。 For the temptation to treat the subject by analogy to our domestic experience was overwhelming. There existed in America a well-developed literature on international law that saw international relations in terms of legal processes.对于国内的诱惑，对待这个问题的类推到我们十分热烈。目前美国存在一个文学对国际法的发展，见证法制进程的国际关系中的条款。 There was a pragmatic tradition of solving issues that arose "on their merits."有一个务实的传统，解决出现的问题“可取之处。” There was the belief in American's moral mission that had produced both isolationism and, later on, global involvement.有在美国的参与信仰的道德使命，既产生了全球性和孤立主义，后来，。 Morgenthau sought to transcend all these disparate tendencies. He was passionately convinced that peace was a statesman's noblest objective; but he did not believe that this yearning alone would avoid war.摩根索试图超越所有这些不同的倾向。热情相信他是一位政治家，和平的崇高目标，但他不相信这单单是避免战争的渴望。 He was a liberal in his political view, but he thought his convictions required not simply an affirmation but sufficient stability at least to enable man's humane aspirations to prevail.他是一个在他的政治自由观，但他认为他的信念不只是需要一种肯定，但至少有足够的稳定性，使人类的人道愿望为准。 He was willing to confront the political leader's fundamental dilemma that moral aims can be reached only in stages, each of which is imperfect.他愿意面对政治领导人的根本困境，道德目标可只达到分阶段进行，每一个都是不完美的。 Morality provides the compass course, the inner strength to face the ambiguities of choice.道德指南针提供的过程中，内在的力量，面对选择的不确定因素。 So Hans set out to understand what he considered the "real" world of international politics, not as he would like it to be but as he found it.因此，汉斯开始着手了解他所认为的“真实”世界的国际政治，而不是他所希望的，但却因为他找到了。 He wrote his seminal work on Politics Among Nations, analyzing international relations in terms of power and national interest.他说他在国内政治的开创性工作，了国际和国家利益关系的条款的权力。 He believed that a proper understanding of the national interest would illuminate a country's possibilities as well as dictate the limits to which it could push its aspirations.他认为，一个国家的利益正确认识将照亮一个国家的可能性，以及决定它的限度可以推动其愿望。 Hans was much criticized for his alleged amorality in those days. His critics did not understand him.汉斯是为人诟病的那些日子里，他被指控非道德英寸批评他不理解他。 Being himself passionate, he did not trust passion as the regulator of conduct.被自己的热情，他不信任的行为，作为监管者的热情。 Being committed to peace, he was prepared to enter the cold world of power politics to achieve it.正在致力于和平，他准备进入寒冷的世界强权政治的去实现它。 In the 1960s, Hans proved that he was beyond the manipulation of military calculations.在20世纪60年代，汉斯了他的计算是超越军事操纵。 He opposed the war in Vietnam when it was still supported by all fashionable opinion.他反对越南战争的看法时，它仍支持所有流行。 In 1966, he and I debated the issue in Look magazine. 1966年，他和我争论问题，看杂志的研究。 He considered America overextended, the war unwinnable, the stakes not worth the cost.他认为美国的过度扩张，战争无法取胜，赌注不值得的成本。 I maintained that the size of our commitment had determined our stake; that we had an obligation to seek our way out of the morass through negotiation rather than unconditional abandonment of the enterprise.本人认为，我们的承诺大小确定了我们的股份，使我们有责任寻求出路的企业通过谈判的困境，而不是无条件的放弃。 He was right in his analysis, probably in his policy conclusions as applied to 1966.他在他的分析是正确的结论，可能是在他的政策适用于1966年。 Three years later - quite unexpectedly - I was faced with the problem as a policymaker.三年后-相当意外-我是决策者面临的问题，因为一。 We both stuck to our convictions.我们双方都坚持我们的信念。 I will not debate their ultimate merit in this place.我不会在这个地方进行辩论的最终价值。 But I think it is important to understand that we shared almost identical premises. We both believed America was overextended; we both sought a way out of the morass.但我认为，重要的是要理解，我们共同的几乎相同的处所;。我们都以为美国是过度扩张，我们都征求了困境的出路。 Hans wanted to cut the Gordian knot in one dramatic move; I chose a different route.汉斯要削减一重大行动中快刀斩乱麻，我选择了不同的路线。 But we were both, in a way, lonely among our associates.但是，我们都在某种程度上，在我们的联营寂寞。 Hans is not correctly understood as a protester.汉斯是没有正确理解为一个抗议者。 He was a teacher trying to bring home to his beloved adopted country the limits of its power, just as earlier he had insisted on its central role.他是一个老师试图把自己心爱的家通过国家权力的界限，就像此前，他曾坚持其中心作用。 Through all these disagreements, I never ceased admiring him or remembering the profound intellectual debt I owed him.通过所有这些分歧，我从来没有停止过欣赏他的深刻的智力，记忆力我欠他的债务。 With the end of the war, our paths became increasingly parallel again, though I do not wish to burden Hans' memory with the army of my critics.随着战争的结束，我们的道路变得越来越平行了，虽然我不希望我的批评军队的负担汉斯的记忆。 Hans remained always himself: clear in his perception, uncompromising in his insistence on getting to the essence of a problem.汉斯始终保持自己：感知清楚，在他的问题在他的坚持不妥协或者可靠的本质。 He meant much to me.他的意思是多给我。 A word must be said about Hans as a human being.一个字必须说，作为一个人，汉族。 Few eminent men correspond to their image.几个著名的男子符合自己的形象。 Hans made his reputation as an analyst of power, but he was a gentle, loving man.汉斯制成的权力，他的声誉作为一个分析师，但他是一个温柔，有爱心的人。 He was a great teacher, yet quite shy.他是一个伟大的老师，但很害羞。 He had a marvelous, slightly sardonic, sense of humor which never stooped to the malicious.他有一个奇妙的，略微嘲讽的幽默感，从未弯腰恶意。 Yet he was slightly tentative - at least in his dealings with me - in showing this side of himself.然而，他稍微暂定- -本人在我这一边的展示，至少在与他打交道。 He would make a witty remark with an absolutely straight face, peering from behind his bushy eyebrows to see what the response would be.他将直接面对一个完全用诙谐的说法，他从背后窥视眉毛浓密，看看他们的回应是。 Only when he saw that his sally had been understood would his whole face crease in the smile of a slightly mischievous little boy.当他看到他的莎莉已经明白他的调皮的小男孩将整张脸稍微折痕在微笑的。 He was a lovable man.他是一个可爱的人。 Hans Morgenthau was deeply conscious of his Jewish heritage. He knew that no people was more likely to be the victim of injustice and passion.汉斯摩根索被深深地意识到他的犹太遗产。他知道，没有人更有可能成为受害者的不公和激情。 He thus felt a special obligation to resist intolerance and hatred.因此，他感到一种特别的义务，抵制不容忍和仇恨。 And he understood that, in this battle, he must never stoop to the methods he was combating.他了解，在这场战斗中，他绝不能堕落到他的方法防治。 He was a noble man.他是一个高尚的人。 I saw Hans for the last time at breakfast a few months ago.我看到早餐在几个月前最后一次汉斯。 He had grown quite frail, though mentally he was as alert as ever.他已经长成了相当虚弱，尽管他是作为精神警觉如昔。 His professorship at the New School had just ended.他的学校在新教授刚刚结束。 He spoke of how much teaching meant to him.他谈到他的意思多少教学。 Everyone must feel he makes a difference to the world, he said.让每个人都必须觉得他的世界改观了，他说。 And his vocation was teaching, which he hoped to continue.而他的职业是教师，他希望能继续下去。 I told him that he had already made a big difference to the world; he did not have to prove himself constantly. He did not quite believe it.我告诉他，他已经作出了很大的不同的世界，他没有必要证明自己不断。他不太相信。 His life was his work, and, as he said on another occasion, he saw no sense in extending the one by cutting down on the other.他的生活是他的工作，而且，正如他在另一场合说，他看到了其他毫无意义了关于延长向下一砍掉。 We promised each other to meet regularly.我们彼此允诺要定期举行会议。 It was not to be.这是不可能的。 He settled our little dialogue by his sudden death.他解决他的突然去世我们的小对话。 There would be no gap between Hans Morgenthau's life and his work; he had made a difference.没有工作会有差距汉斯摩根索的生活和他的，他已经做出了改变。 And the nature of that difference is best shown in the sorrow of his friends and in the fact that all who remember Hans Morgenthau recall his passion for justice, his fertile intellect, his warmth and his honesty.而不同性质的最好现在他和朋友们悲哀的事实，所有谁记得汉斯摩根索记得他的诚实热情为正义，他丰富的智慧，他的温暖和他。 It will be a lonelier world without him.这将是一个寂寞的世界没有他。 Back to Other Writings »