波兰

HYPERLINK "http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=128384224664" HYPERLINK "http://twitter.com/undata" HYPERLINK "http://data.un.org/Feedback.aspx" 窗体顶端 Data Glossary Metadata More ​ About UNdata ​ Advanced search ​ Country profiles ​ Explorer Country profile   Countries and areas Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China China, Hong Kong SAR China, Macao SAR Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea 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Environment Trade Profile Map Top Summary statistics Region 2000 Eastern Europe   Currency 2008 Zloty (PLN)   Surface area (square kilometres) 2008 312685 Includes internal waters.   Population in 2008 (estimated, 000) 2008 38104   Population density in 2008 (per square kilometre) 2008 121.9   Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) 2007 Warsaw (1707)   United Nations membership date 2000 24 October 1945   Top Economic indicators GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) 2008 527929   GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) 2005 303912   GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) 2000 171276   GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) 2008 4.9   GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) 2005 3.6   GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) 2000 4.3   GDP per capita (current US$) 2008 13854.9   GDP per capita (current US$) 2005 7956.7   GDP per capita (current US$) 2000 4456.5   GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) 2008 13345.5   GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) 2005 7804.9   GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) 2000 4440.4   Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2008 22.0   Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2005 18.3   Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2000 23.8   Exchange rates (national currency per US$) 2008 2.96 Official rate.   Exchange rates (national currency per US$) 2005 3.26 Official rate.   Exchange rates (national currency per US$) 2000 4.14 Official rate.   Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2008 –28921   Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2005 –3716   Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2000 –10343   CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) 2008 124   CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) 2005 115   CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) 2000 100   Industrial production index (2005=100) 2008 126   Industrial production index (2005=100) 2005 100   Industrial production index (2005=100) 2000 ...   Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 2008 96 2007.   Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 2005 95   Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 2000 99   Food production index (1999-2001=100) 2008 96 2007.   Food production index (1999-2001=100) 2005 95   Food production index (1999-2001=100) 2000 99   Unemployment (% of labour force) 2008 7.1 Age group 15 to 74 years.   Unemployment (% of labour force) 2005 17.7 Age group 15 to 74 years.   Unemployment (% of labour force) 2000 16.1 Age group 15 to 74 years.   Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 2008 30.7 Excludes conscripts and regular military living in barracks. 2007.   Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 2005 29.2 Excludes conscripts and regular military living in barracks.   Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 2000 30.8 Excludes conscripts and regular military living in barracks.   Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2008 14.7 Excludes conscripts and regular military living in barracks. 2007.   Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2005 17.4 Excludes conscripts and regular military living in barracks.   Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2000 18.8 Excludes conscripts and regular military living in barracks.   Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 2008 44.8   Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 2005 45.8   Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 2000 47.9   Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 2008 59.9   Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 2005 61.4   Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 2000 62.7   Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2008 14975 2007.   Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2005 15200   Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2000 17400   Energy production, primary (000 MT oil equivalent) 2008 68329 2007.   Energy production, primary (000 MT oil equivalent) 2005 74484   Energy production, primary (000 MT oil equivalent) 2000 76016   Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) 2008 142.6   Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) 2005 107.3   Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) 2000 46.0   Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2008 49.0   Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2005 35.3   Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2000 7.3   Exports (million US$) 2008 171859.9   Imports (million US$) 2008 210478.5   Major trading partners (% of exports) 2008 Germany (25.1), France (6.2), Italy (6.0)   Major trading partners (% of imports) 2008 Germany (23.0), Russian Federation (9.8), China (8.0)   Top Social indicators Population growth rate (avg. annual %) 2005-2010 –0.1   Urban population growth rate (avg. annual %) 2005-2010 –0.3   Rural population growth rate (avg. annual %) 2005-2010 0.0   Urban population (%) 2007 61.3   Population aged 0-14 years (%) 2009 15.0   Population aged 60+ years (women and men, % of total) 2009 21.9/15.6   Sex ratio (men per 100 women) 2009 93.2   Life expectancy at birth (women and men, years) 2005-2010 79.8/71.3   Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) 2005-2010 6.7   Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) 2005-2010 1.3   Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 2006-2009 72.7 Age group 20 to 49 years. Adjusted. 1991.   International migrant stock (000 and % of total population) mid-2010 827.5/2.2   Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR end-2008 18016   Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) 2005-2008 5.7   Education: Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (w/m per 100) 2005-2008 98.2/99.0   Education: Female third-level students (% of total) 2005-2008 57.4   Deaths by assault (women and men, per 100 000) 2005-2006 0.8/2.2   Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2009 20.2   Top Environment Threatened species 2009 38   Forested area (% of land area) 2007 30.4   CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2006 317988/8.4   Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2007 2430.0   Rainfall, total mean (millimetres) 520   Temperature, mean °C (minimum and maximum) 4.0/12.3   Top Trade Profile HYPERLINK "http://comtrade.un.org/pb/FileFetch.aspx?docID=3533&type=country%20pages" \o "Trade Profile [Page 2]" Top 窗体底端 Home | About Us | FAQ | Feedback | Site usage Copyright © 2011 - Conditions of Use United Nations Statistics Division Version v0.14.4 Beta Polski | English home site map contact 窗体顶端 窗体底端 News Ambassador About the Mission Poland in the UN UN News Service News from Poland Contact Diplomatic Staff History Speeches and documents you are here: Main Page Consulate General of Poland in New York Polish Cultural Institute in New York Embassy of Poland in Washington 2011 Polish Presidency of the EU Council Polish Development Assistance United Nations European Union @ United Nations Community of Democracies International Chopin Festival in New York, December 14-18, 2010 www.poland.gov.pl UN Data on Poland [archive] Sejm Senat Welcome to the Home Page of Polish Mission to the UN in New York. Poland is one of the original 51 states, which signed the UN Charter in 1945. Since then, Poland has strongly supported the purposes and principles of the United Nations and has been deeply involved in all works of the Organization. On our site you will find the most recent official statements of the Minister for Foreign Affaires and other members of Polish delegation and members of the Mission that are related to the work of Poland at the United Nations. You will find also information on our team representing Poland in the UN. You can also find our email address, so if you would like to share with us your comments and suggestions or just to get more information on particular subject, please feel free to contact us. SC resolution 1540 (2004) 9 December 2010 Activities of Poland that support aims and objectives of the Security Council resolution 1540 (2004). [ read more] the GA debate on the situation in Afghanistan 4 November 2010  Statement by Mr. Paweł Herczyński, Deputy Permanent Representative of the Republic of Poland, during the General Assembly debate on the situation in Afghanistan. [ read more] Introduction of the Draft Resolution on Chemical Weapons 22 October 2010 Introductory statement by Ambassador Witold Sobków on the Draft Resolution on the implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction. The meeting of First Committee of the UN General Assemly. [ read more] Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons 12 October 2010 Address by Ambassador Witold Sobków, Permanent Representative of Poland to the United Nations, on the occasion of the luncheon to honour Ambassador Ahmet Űzűmcű, Director-General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. [ read more] Peacebuilding Commission 6 October 2010 Statement by Ambassador Witold Sobków during an informal meeting of the Liberia configuration of the Peacebuilding Commission. [ read more] Strona 1 z 1 1   [archive] Music in your phone -  Chopin nocturne >>> home site map contact © 2005 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland Al. J. Ch. Szucha 23, 00-580 Warsaw, tel. 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HYPERLINK "http://www.kula.gov.pl" \t "_blank" Website for kids Events Go to the Kalendarium 01.01 Miłosz Year 2011 Poland - worldwide 31.12 2011: The Year of Maria Skłodowska-Curie Poland 30.12 4000-mile walk to freedom shot by Peter Weir Great Britain 30.12 Olafur Eliasson to Design Poland's EU Presidency Pavilion Warsaw 29.12 How Poles created the new Enigma WAT Warsaw « see the upcoming eventssee the past events » HYPERLINK "http://www.poland.gov.pl/Landscapes,of,Poland,8624.html" \t "_blank" Winter landscapes ​ Our Websites ​ Flag, Anthem and Emblem ​ Off-line Publications ​ Video ​ Souvenirs ​ Maps ​ Pictures of Poland poprzednie następne ​ All galleries ​ Landscapes ​ Spring ​ Cities ​ Active leisure ​ Folk ​ Freedom '89 Did you know that... The struggle of Poland against Bohdan Chmielnicki was depicted by Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz in his novel With Fire and Sword. It is the first part of a trilogy, the other parts being The Deluge and Fire in the Steppe. "The Trilogy" is one of the most popular Polish historic epics. With... » Partners: © Copyright. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2008-2011 For Webmasters Website Map HYPERLINK "http://www.google.pl/ig/adde?moduleurl=www.poland.gov.pl/google_gadget2010.xml" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://foto.poland.gov.pl/gallery/serwis/plus_google.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://en.poland.gov.pl/najnowsze_rss,en.xml" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://foto.poland.gov.pl/gallery/serwis/rss.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://gemius.pl/" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://foto.poland.gov.pl/gallery/serwis/stopka_gemius.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET ​ Akonet ​ siteweb HYPERLINK "http://big5.fmprc.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.fmprc.gov.cn" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh14.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/default.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh16.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/fra/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh18.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/rus/default.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh20.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/default.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh22.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ara/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh24.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET 首  页  ​ 外交部 o​ 主要 o​ 外交部长 o​ 主要官员 o​ 组织机构 o​ 驻外机构 o​ 驻港、澳公署 o​ 参观外交部 o​ 干部考录 ​ 外交动态 o​ 领导人活动 o​ 外事日程 o​ 外交部新闻 o​ 司局新闻 o​ 发言人表态 o​ 吹风会 o​ 大使任免 o​ 驻外报道 o​ 领事动态 ​ 国家和组织 o​ 国家（地区） o​ 国际和地区组织 ​ 资  料 o​ 重要讲话 o​ 声明公报 o​ 条约文件 o​ 中国外交历程 o​ 中国外交人物 o​ 外交史上的今天 o​ 领事知识 o​ 礼宾知识 o​ 建交国家一览表 o​ 驻华外交官名册 o​ 专  题 ​ 服  务 o​ 新闻服务 o​ 领事服务 o​ 礼宾服务 o​ 档案服务 网站地图     窗体顶端 高级 窗体底端    首页 > 国家和组织 > 国家（地区） > 欧洲 > 波兰  您想去        国家概况     双边关系     相关新闻     发言人有关谈话     重要讲话     重要文件     外交机构信息     驻外报道     外交掠影     前往该国注意事项 波兰国家概况 （最近更新时间：2010年06月12日） 　　国名 波兰共和国（The Republic of Poland）。 　　面积 312679平方公里。 　　人口 3814万（2008年12月31日）。其中波兰族约占98％，此外还有德意志、白俄罗斯、乌克兰、俄罗斯、立陶宛、犹太等少数民族。官方语言为波兰语。全国约90％的居民信奉罗马天主教。 　　首都 华沙（Warsaw）。人口171万（2008年12月）。2008年平均气温9.8℃,降水量537毫米。 　　国家元首 总统莱赫·卡钦斯基（Lech KACZYNSKI），2005年12月23日就职。 卡2010年4月10日因转机失事身亡，众议院议长科莫罗夫斯基代行总统职权。 　　重要节日 国庆节：5月3日（宪法日，1791年5月3日波兰颁布第一部宪法）；11月11日（独立日，1918年11月11日波兰恢复独立）。 　　简况 位于欧洲中部，西与德国为邻，南与捷克、斯洛伐克接壤，东邻俄罗斯、立陶宛、白俄罗斯、乌克兰，北濒波罗的海。海岸线长528公里。属海洋性向大陆性气候过渡的温带阔叶林气候。1月份平均气温-5～-1℃，7月份17～19℃。 　　波兰国家起源于西斯拉夫人中的波兰、维斯瓦、西里西亚、东波美拉尼亚、马佐维亚等部落的联盟。公元9、10世纪建立封建王朝，14、15世纪进入鼎盛时期，18世纪下半叶开始衰落。1772年、1793年和1795年三次被沙俄、普鲁士和奥匈帝国瓜分，1918年11月11日恢复独立。1939年9月1日，法西斯德国入侵波兰，第二次世界大战全面爆发。战后建立波兰共和国，后改名为波兰人民共和国。波兰统一工人党（共产党）执政40余年。1980年，反政府组织——团结工会组织全国大罢工，波当局于1981年12月至1983年7月实行战时状态，宣布团结工会为非法组织。1989年4月，议会通过了团结工会合法化和实行议会民主等决议。团结工会在当年6月提前举行的议会大选中获胜，成立了以其为主体的政府。12月29日，议会通过宪法修正案，改国名为波兰共和国，将5月3日定为国庆日。 　　政治 2007年10月21日，波兰提前举行议会大选，公民纲领党获胜，并与农民党联合组阁。11月16日，新政府宣誓就职，公民纲领党主席图斯克出任总理。新政府奉行新自由主义政策。对内，积极推进国有企业私有化，改革医疗体制，为早日加入欧元区做准备；对外，努力发展与德、法等欧盟大国关系，在加强对美关系时注重本国利益，积极改善与俄关系，重塑波是可预见伙伴的国际形象。执政联盟地位稳固，图斯克总理和公民纲领党的支持率一路领先。2010年4月10日，卡钦斯基总统夫妇在赴俄参加“卡廷事件”七十周年纪念活动途中因专机坠毁身亡,众议院议长科莫罗夫斯基代行总统职权。议会决定于6月20日举行总统选举。若无人得票过半，7月4日进行第二轮选举。目前，各党派推举的候选人共9位，竞选活动正紧张进行。 　　【宪法】1997年4月，波兰国民大会通过新宪法。新宪法于1997年10月生效。新宪法确立了三权分立的政治和以社会市场经济为主的经济体制，规定：众议院和参议院拥有立法权，总统和政府拥有执法权，法院和法庭行使司法权；波经济体制的基础为经济自由化、私有制等原则；波武装力量在国家政治事务中保持中立。根据新宪法，如总统否决了议会或政府提交的法案，议会可以五分之三的多数否决总统的决定。 　　【议会】由众议院和参议院组成，是国家最高立法机构，任期4年。众议院议员460名，参议员100名，均通过直接选举产生。本届议会于2007年10月成立，由4个党派和竞选联盟组成。众议院的席位分配是：公民纲领党206席，法律与公正党155席，民主左翼联盟党43席，农民党31席，波兰plus8席，社民党4席，民主党3席，独立议员9席，德意志少数民族1席。众议长博罗尼斯瓦夫·科莫罗夫斯基（Bronisław Komorowski，公民纲领党），2007年11月当选。参议院的席位分配是：公民纲领党57席，法律与公正党37席，独立议员6席。参议长博格丹·博鲁塞维奇（Bogdan BORUSEWICZ，独立参议员），2005年10月当选，2007年11月连任。 　　【政府】 本届政府于2007年11月组成，下设17个部。政府总理和部长名单如下：部长会议主席（亦称总理）多纳德·图斯克（Donald Tusk）、副总理兼经济部长瓦尔德马尔·帕夫拉克（Waldemar Pawlak）、内务和行政部长耶日·米莱尔（Jerzy MILLER）、外交部长拉多斯瓦夫·西科尔斯基（Radosław Sikorski）、国防部长博格丹·克里赫（Bogdan Klich）、财政部长扬·文森特-罗斯托夫斯基（Jan VINCENT-Rostowski）、地方发展部长伊丽莎白·卞科夫斯卡（Elżbieta BieNkowska）、司法部长克日什托夫·克维亚特科夫斯基（Krzysztof KWIATKOWSKI）、体育和旅游部长亚当·盖尔什（Adam GIERSZ）、劳动和社会政策部长尤兰塔·菲达克（Jolanta Fedak）、基础设施部长采扎雷·格拉巴尔奇克（Cezary Grabarczyk）、国库部长亚历山大·格拉德（Aleksander Grad）、国民教育部长卡特琳娜·哈尔（Katarzyna Hall）、科学和高等教育部长芭芭拉·库德雷茨卡（Barbara Kudrycka）、卫生部长爱娃·科帕奇（Ewa Kopacz）、环境部长安德烈·克拉舍夫斯基（Andrzej KRASZEWSKI）、农业和农村发展部长马莱克·萨维茨基（Marek Sawicki）、文化和国家遗产部长博格丹·兹德罗耶夫斯基（Bogdan Zdrojewski）、不管部长米哈乌·博尼（Michał Boni）。 　　【行政区划】 1998年7月，议会通过了政府制定的关于地方自治机构改革，决定将原有的49个省调整为16个省，同时重新设立县制，由省、乡两级改为省、县、乡三级，共设16个省，314个县，2478个乡。新于1999年1月1日启动。 　　【司法机构】最高法院是国家最高审判机关。最高法院对下属法院的审判活动实行监督。法官由总统任命，现任最高法院院长莱赫·加尔多茨基（Lech GARDOCKI），1998年10月就职。1990年3月，波众议院通过检察院法，规定检察院作为一个司隶属于司法部，由司法部长兼任总检察长。 　　【政党】根据1998年实施的新政党法，必须收集1000名以上成年人的签名才可建立政党。目前已注册登记的政党有200余个，有影响的政党有： 　　（1）公民纲领党（Platforma Obywatelska）：执政党。2001年1月成立，党员约46000人（至2010年2月）。2000年，参加总统选举的独立候选人奥莱霍夫斯基和分别退出团选联和自由联盟的众议长普瓦任斯基和参议院副议长图斯克发表联合声明，宣布组建“公民纲领派”选举