資本主義全球化與勞工處境

?????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????? 2001? 9 ? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????regional???????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????codes of conducts??????? 8000 ?Social Accountability 8000?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????? 2001????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ?Executive Summary? Workshop on “Transnational Flow of Capital and the Crises of Labor Regulation —Hong Kong and Taiwan.” September 1 & 2, 2001, Taipei, Taiwan. The increasing mobility of capital in East Asia and virtually the whole world in the past decades has resulted in grave crises in labor regulation regimes formerly established in the context of nation-states. In response, unions, labor-rights NGOs and other actors in the labor movements in many countries have been trying a sundry of strategies to defend the basic rights and livelihood of workers at home and abroad. This workshop was planned with the goal to exchange and summarize the experience and analyses labor-rights advocates and unionists in Taiwan and Hong Kong gained through our work in recent years. The workshop was jointly held by the Hong Kong-based Asia Monitor Resource Center and the following organizations and institutions based in Taipei, Taiwan: Ching-Jen Labor Health and Safety Center, the Linkage Magazine, Asia-Pacific Labor Update, Shih-Hsin University Graduate School for Social Transformation Studies, and the Social Transformation Foundation. It was held on September 1 and 2 at the campus of Shih-Hsin University. Approximately 100 people participated in the workshop. They included unionists, workers, students and NGO workers and volunteers in the fields of human rights, labor rights and women’s rights advocacy. Most participants showed a high degree of interest in the issue and the discussion on the floor was very lively. The conference started with two sessions offering a broader view of the cause and consequences of the increasing flow of capital. Participants discusses a broad range of pressing economic issues in both Hong Kong and Taiwan and the region in general--the overproduction crisis of capitalism, the merger and acquisition frenzy, the shift toward financial speculation, the ties between states and corporations, and so on. The age-old tenet for unionism and labor regulation was re-affirmed: Capital in a competitive market has an inherent propensity to degrade labor conditions. It is thus vital for forces outside of the “free market” to take measures and regulate employment practices of all employers in order to defend the basic rights to subsistence for workers. Then, overviews of the degradation of labor protection and labor conditions in Hong Kong and Taiwan were offered. The participants of the workshop found a surprisingly high degree of similarity between conditions in these two regions despite the vast difference between their labor regulation regimes—Taiwan being highly state-centered while Hong Kong being trade-union-centered. The workshop went on to discuss four resent and ongoing cases of international solidarity campaigns in which labor-rights advocates in Hong Kong and Taiwan were involved. The first one is the solidarity campaign for workers killed by fire at Hong-Kong and Taiwan-owned toy factory Chih-Li and Kaida in Thailand and Guangdong, China. The second one is the ongoing campaign of former workers at the US-owned RCA factory in Taoyuan, Taiwan, who are suffering cancer caused by years of toxic-chemical exposure on the job, but are denied any compensation. The third one is the solidarity campaign for Chinese sweatshop workers producing toys for the MacDonald’s fast -food chain. And the fourth is the international solidarity campaign to defend the right to organize of Nicaraguan workers at the Taiwan-owned garment factory Chentext. Several lessons are drawn from the cases. Chief among them is that we should recognize that the most fundamental protections for workers’ rights are still strong and healthy trade union and a functioning labor-regulation regime of the state. And these are all to be achieved within the context of local nation-states. International solidarity campaigns, consumer boycotts, and other actions by concerned people can help workers. They are also important for raising public consciousness about the plight of workers. However, they can never replace the “traditional” labor regulation regimes, and we should not promote the illusion that “new” labor regulation regimes can replace the old ones. Labor-rights advocacy groups and trade unions, therefore should be cautious about recent initiatives by transnational corporations to use corporate self-regulation mechanisms such as SA-8000. In addition, the workshop identified several key elements in the recent degradation of labor conditions in Hong Kong and Taiwan: flexibilization and casualization of employment, outsourcing, privatization, and so on. Participants discussed the interrelations and consequences of these measures by the state and corporations and our experience in countering them. It is noted that the working class in both Hong Kong and Taiwan are becoming more and more fragmented, and we need to investigate more and think creatively in order to devise appropriate ways to organize workers. On the whole, the intensive two-day seminar was fruitful. In addition to exchanging ideas and experience, the participants were able to acquire a broader and more coherent view about the challenges and missions for labor-rights advocates today. ??????????? ??? 1???????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??? 2????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ? 1970??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? 1980?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????? 1 .???????l a b o r r e g u l a t i o n r e g i m e? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? 2 .???????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? 1 .????????? ??????????????????????????? 2 .???????????? ?????organize the unorganized?? ???????????? ????????????????? 3 . ??????????? ??????????????? ???????????? 4 . ????????? ????????????? 5 . ??????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????? 1 .??????????? ?????????????????????????????? 2 .???????????? ? 1980?????????? 3 . I M F ? S A P ?? ??????????????????????? ?????????????? 1 .?????????????????? 1937?????????????????????????????????????? ???????? 2 .????????? 3 .????????? 4 .???????????? 5 .???????????? 1980????????? 6 .????????????? 7 .?????????? 8 . 1 9 8 0?????????????? ????????????????? 1 .?????????? 2 .????? ??????????????? 1 .???????? 2 .??????? 3 .??????? 4 .???????????? 5 . N G O ????????? 6 .????????? 7 .???????????? 8 .??????? 9 .?????????? 1 0 .?????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? 1 .????????????????????????? 2 .????? 3 .????????????????N I C s????????????? ??????????? 1 .????????? 2 .??????????????????? 3 .???? a. ????????????? b. ??????????????? ?????????????? 1 .???? 2 .????????? 3 .??????????? ??????????? 1 . AP E C ?????????? 2 . 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REEBOK ????? ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???S A8000 ??????????????????????????? SA8000???????? ???????????????????????????????????SA8000?? ?????????????????Council on Economic Priorities Accredita