高级商务英语

高级商务英语 高级商务英语 Unit 1a Describing work roles: Speaking: Manager: The manager is responsible for the main activities of the company, such as manufacturing and sales. He is the decision-maker. And it is his duty to handle difficult situations at work. What’s more, he needs to sign contracts, monitor expenses claims (核实报销单)and as well as dealing with complaints. Line Manager in Production Department: He is engaged in planning and organizing operations (计划和组织生产). It is his duty to schedule (plan) projects and deal with plant maintenance (设备保养运行). He is responsible to coordinate(协调) manufacturing activities to ensure production and quality of products meet specifications [说明书（上的要求）]. And he needs to observe workers to ensure compliance with ( 遵守，服从) standards. Homework: Sales Department? Secretary? Job Description ( 岗位说明书，职责描述) 岗位说明书是把工作分析的结果做综合性的整理，以界定特定工作的内容。它是传统人力资源#管理#的一个重要组成部分。内容主要包括工作名称、工作地点、工作概述、工作职责，所用工具与设备。 Job descriptions are lists of the general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position. Typically, they also include to whom the position reports, specifications such as the qualifications needed by the person in the job, salary range for the position, etc. Reading 1 How does the WorkSet system use color to clarify workroles? WorkSet allows companies to clarify work roles by classifying different aspects of the job according to color. Companies can use color to specify the exact level of responsibility to be given to a number of key tasks. These specifications can be changed as the job changes. Employees can use the same system to give feedback on the job from their point of view, ensuring job descriptions remain relevant. Reading 1 the difference between the manager’s brief and what the employee actually does. According to the manager’s brief, about half of the employee’s time should be spent taking personal responsibility for meeting objectives (yellow work). However, he employee feels that this is not the case. Blue work (work carried out in a prescribed way) is double the amount envisaged (设想) in the brief. As can be seen from the grey, white and pink segments, the employee also perceives him to be involved in certain activities outside the job brief. While the small amount of white (creative) work appears to be positive, the pink time serves no useful purpose. Moreover, the incidental grey work which the employee is asked to do in addition to his job may be detracting (使分心) from the core yellow work. Language the present simple and the present continuous forms Present simple: · to refer to permanent or long-term situations(长久或长期状态) ·to refer to regular actions (经常性的动作) ·to refer to states (现在的状态) ·to refer to future time in subordinate clauses (从句中指将来) ·as part of a conditional clause Present continuous ·to refer to temporary situations(目前阶段正在进行的工作) ·to refer to current activities (目前正在进行的动作) ·to refer to an activity happening around a particular time (某一特定时间发生的动作) ·to emphasize that an activity is ongoing(某一动作继续存在) Conclusion: The simple form can be thought as the neutral form, not to emphasize a time element, while the continuous form means that the speaker is relating the action to a specific time, either now or in the future. Homework Sales department: launch marketing promotions; introduce products; demonstrate products; persuade customers to buy; place advertisements; bargain about price; offer discount secretary: make or answer telephone calls; make or take notes, minutes and messages; deal with files and correspondences; write memos and reports; work at computer for word processing; receive guests and visitors; arrange meetings; make appointments Writing Reassessment of Job Description: Sue Pearson (PR Dept.) Introduction This report sets out to use WorkSet to assess the accuracy of my job description as PR Officer and to suggest a number of changes. Findings It is clear that there is a difference between the way the company views the job and the reality I perceive it. Firstly, a number of areas which demand a significant proportion of my time are not mentioned in the official job brief. The segment on the pie chart which provides most cause for concern is the pink sector; this relates to my attendance at a number of meetings to which I can contribute little. Another significant area is the grey segment; this refers to the unscheduled time which I spend sorting out computer problems. I feel that these activities are hampering my core work. As can be seen from the pie charts, the time I spend actively working to meet the goals agreed with my line manager is less than envisaged. Conclusions The above discrepancies clearly indicate that my current job brief is inaccurate. Recommendations I would recommend that my official job brief should be updated using the WorkSet colours. It would also be valuable to consider the proportion of non-core colors in the pie chart and to investigate whether work in these areas could be carried out by someone else more suited to these tasks. Unit 1b Past Simple ·to refer to actions started and finished in the past(过去开始和完成的动作) ·to refer to a definite time in the past(过去某个特定时间) Present perfect simple: · to refer to actions started in the past but unfinished(过去发生，尚未结束的动作) ·to refer to an indefinite time in the past(过去不确定的时间) ·to refer to recent actions(近期动作) ·to refer to past action with present consequence(对现在有影响的过去动作) Present perfect continuous ·to refer to actions started in the past and continuing into the future(过去发生持续到将来) ·to refer to repeated or continuous actions in the past with present consequence(对现在有影响过去一直进行的动作) The past simple is used to talk about completed actions and facts related to past time. Both forms of the present perfect contain the idea of a link between past and present time and in some cases it is possible to use either form. However, there is an emphasis between the two: the present perfect simple focuses on the completion or result of an activity whereas the present perfect continuous focuses on the continuity of an activity. Speaking Would you be prepared to invest in Internet share? Yes : trendy and fashionable; some of them enjoy high brand awareness; the promise of a quick and good profit; offer potential for rapid growth; have good prospects, with on-line transaction, e- banking, cybercommunity(网络社团),teleworking(网络办公) on the increase No : risky and may easily go away(disappear like bubbles); volatile; anything but a safe investment; lack of a reliable security system; not familiar with web-based technology. P12 Writing Resource Planning Manager: Assessment of Suitability for Home-based Working Introduction The purpose of this report is to assess the suitability of my position as Resource Planning Manager for home-based working. Findings My working pattern and that of my colleagues varies form week to week. During certain periods a large proportion of my time is spent doing fieldwork. This is followed by office-based work collating and recording the data collected. Once the results have been recorded, I proofread the color copies of all reports and maps. As regards communication with colleagues, department meetings are held once a fortnight. At all other times, the individual members of the team communicate either face-to-face or by phone, depending on their location. Apart from official meetings, the same results can be achieved whether I am in the office or working elsewhere. Conclusion It is clear that I would be able to undertake the same duties while working from home for a large proportion of my time. Clearly, some days would need to be spent in the office for face-to-face communication with colleagues. It would also be necessary to use the technical facilities of the office at times. However, in order to be able to work effectively from home, I would need to be provided with a networked computer and printer. Recommendations I would suggest that I should be given the necessary equipment to work partially from home for trial period. After this time, further consultation should take place in order to reassess the situation. P24 speaking Merge with or acquire a foreign company of the same industry; reduce cost; buy market share; raise share value; buy a distribution channel (分销)； complement a product portfolio; for the further growth of the company P20 writing Sample answer The share price of both IBM and AOL showed a general upward trend from June until the end of 1998. however, while AOL shares then continued to rise steadily over the next three months, the price of IBM shares fell slightly. By March 1999 both shares were worth about $100. AOL shares then shot up, almost doubling in value within four weeks. They reached a high of $180 in mid-April before collapsing to just over $100 per share at the beginning of May. There was a slight recovery during that month however, despite this, by June1999 the price of AOL shares was once again about $100. In contrast, despite minor fluctuations, IBM shares made a steady recovery over the three month period, finishing at just over $100, almost equal to AOL. Unit3a Speaking: benefits of trade fairs: Benefits for exhibitors: a chance of face-to-face talk with prospective clients; better effects of promotion(效果好); a good chance to push sales; media exposure (publicity) for the industry(媒体对行业的宣传)； more chances for business transaction; visual presentation of products(产品得到直观展示) Benefits for visitors: visual and direct knowledge of products; find out more details about products, such as quality, specification(规格)，appearance, price, technical superiority or not (是否有技术含量)，terms of transaction(成交条件),etc； An opportunity to find out what is happening in the industry; the convenience of everything in one place; a chance to talk to exhibitors 1． Good to the last drop．滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡） 2． Obey your thirst．服从你的渴望。（雪碧） 3． The new digital era．　数码新时代。（索尼影碟机） 4． We lead． Others copy．我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机） 5． Impossible made possible．使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机） 6． Take time to indulge．尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌） 7． The relentless pursuit of perfection．不懈追求完美。 （凌志轿车） 8． Poetry in motion， dancing close to me．动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）　　　 9． Come to where the flavor is。Marlboro Country。光临风韵之境—万宝路世界。（万宝路香烟）　　 10．To me， the past is black and white， but the future is always color． 　　 　　对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却是绚烂缤纷。（轩尼诗酒）　 11. Just do it. 　只管去做。（耐克运动鞋）　 12. Ask for more. 渴望无限。（百事流行鞋） 13. The taste is great. 味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡） 14. Feel the new space. 感受新境界。（三星电子） 15. Intelligence everywhere. 智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机） 16. The choice of a new generation. 　新一代的选择。（百事可乐） 17. We integrate, you communicate. 我们集大成，您超越自我。（三菱电工） 18. Take TOSHIBA, take the world. 拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子） 19. Let’s make things better. 　 　让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子） 20. No business too small, no problem too big. 　 没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。 （IBM公司）　　 P34 writing Dear Mr. Zampieri, With reference to your letter dated 14 June, in which you requested information about A Cut Above, please find enclosed details about our company and the services we offer. Our aim is always to provide our clients with the best possible combination of food, entertainment and location. By choosing A Cut Above, you can relax and enjoy your special occasion while we do all the work. Events catered for by A Cut Above include corporate functions such as conventions and Christmas balls and also family celebrations such as birthdays, weddings and anniversaries. A Cut Above offers a variety of services from simply providing a gourmet menu to helping you choose the right venue and organize entertainment. We specialize in using our experience to meet your needs. To help us achieve this aim, we always arrange a meeting with a new client well before the date of any event in order to discuss the various possibilities. As you can appreciate, we are unable to give quotations before our initial briefing with a client as price per head varies with choice of menu. To arrange a meeting or for any further information , please do not hesitate to contact myself or Elena Polidoro on 01623 713698. A Cut Above looks forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Sinead Walsh Unit 3b P35 speaking Research into the demand for the product, market conditions currency exchange rates, import / export tariffs (关税)，ways of doing business, cultural differences, etiquette(礼节) in that culture P36 language Indefinite article ·When something is unspecific-one of many, precisely which one is not important. ·when something is mentioned for the first time, before a shared context has been established. Definite article: ·when the reference to something is clear because it is the only one. ·when the reference to something is clear because it is defined. ·when the reference to something is clear because a share context has already been established. ·when referring to superlatives. ·when referring to nationality. ·when the name of a country is plural ( the Philippines) or is made up of an adjective and a general noun (the UK) ·when referring to a region within a country ( in the south of China). No article is used. ·with most country names. ·with uncountable nouns referring to a general concept. ·when referring to general plural nouns(普通的). ·when referring to general plural or uncountable nouns qualified by an adjective. P36 speaking How to research a new export market: The research of a new export market can be done in the following ways: through fact-finding tours(实地考察)；doing desk research (案头研究)by reading ads and economic publications of the target country, either electronic or dead-tree stuff (纸质出版物); through intermediary organizations(中介机构)such as trade fairs etc. By doing so, a company can learn about the demand for product, current prices, marketing channels, ways of doing business etc. Through these ways of research, a company can learn well about a new export market. The importance of good preparation for a business trip: It is very important to have good preparations for a business trip. It can raise the effectiveness of the trip; reduce the cost of the trip; ensure a smooth and pleasant trip. A good business planning beforehand can guarantee the success of the trip and the fulfillment of the intended objectives. It can reduce the chances of wasting time and money or meeting unexpected risks and difficulties. Knowledge about and preparation for the local weather ,transport situations and accommodation can ensure a comfortable stay in the destination city. In a word, good preparation is essential to guarantee a successful business trip. P37 speaking Learn about different business practices before the visit. When in Rome do as the Romans do. Bring with you small souvenirs instead of expensive ones if you want to show friendliness and good will. Not to expect lavish feasts (盛宴) or arranged sightseeing trips like in China well prepared for possible negotiations not to expect the conclusion of a transaction at the dinner table sign formal written agreement or detailed contract instead of verbal agreement if an agreement is reached P38 writing Dear Chen, I was very pleased to receive your letter. As requested, I enclose some advice about visiting Milan. There are lots of good hotels near Fiera and I recommend the Hotel Wagner; it is about ten-minute walk from the trade fair but also has metro(地铁)and tram (电车)connections. The public transport system here is quite reliable and I do not think you need to hire a car; the traffic in Milan can be a bit chaotic. Finding somewhere to eat in the evening should be easy. There are plenty of restaurants pizzerias (比萨饼店) near the hotel. My favorite is Nove Cento, which serves excellent seafood pasta (意大利面食). It is difficult to know what to recommend for sightseeing as the city has so much to offer. If you are interested in art, then the world famous ‘ last supper’ by Leonardo da Vinci is a short tram ride from your hotel or you could visit the Brera art gallery. There is also the Duomo,Milan’s huge gothic cathedral. If you are interested in football, there should be a midweek match featuring either AC or Inter Milan. Alternatively, you could visit the fashion area around via Montenapoleone. Thank you for inviting me for a meal one evening during your stay. I would be very happy to accept. I look forward to hearing from you nearer the time. We can them make arrangements for where and when we are going to meet. Best regards, Mauizio P43 advantages: have virtual project teams that discuss tasks on line; work can be done anywhere and anytime; possible to give distant job brief; have more leisure time; can ensure high efficiency , raise productivity Disadvantages: difficult to specify individual task; affected by Internet technology; lack of face-to-face contact; hard to differentiate work-time and private time ; potential system failure caused by virus /hacking P46 speaking Based on a comparison and analysis of conditions Pre-waterside and Post-waterside shown in the radar chart, the move has changed working conditions for BA staff in some aspects. In the way they work, there have been big improvements in aspects such as “Surroundings help informal meetings”, “Can contribute to discussions” and “Can obtain information to do my job”. The change is mostly felt in “Can obtain information to do my job” and “Can do confidential work easily” with the former improving by 20% from 40% to over 60% and the latter degenerating by 20% from 60% to below 40%. There is not much change in other aspects. In office environment, the move has brought about positive changes to the following three aspects, namely, “Workstation meet needs”, “Workstation is comfortable” and “Can photocopy when I need to”. They have improved by 20% On the other hand, working conditions concerning “Voicemail is effective”, and “Can print when I need to” are not as good as before. P47 Reading2 e-business : The transformation of key business processes through the use of internet technology. Benefits: can streamline business processes to improve operating efficiencies. All the processes contributing to the overall customer experience can be improved. Can analyse past customer behaviour to anticipate customers’needs. Can allow suppliers and customers controlled access to the data they need, so that business processes can be managed beyond the individual oragnisation. e-commerce: the ability to offer goods and services to the consumer over the web. Benefits: can present goods more effectively, take orders and invoice on-line, automate customer account enquiries and handle transactions electronically. This means improved margins for the business and a faster and more responsive service for customers. P50 Writing The last years of the twentieth century saw the Internet being used by more and more companies as a business tool. In 1997 e-commerce was very limited earning a revenue of less than $25 billion. However, since then, there has been a steady growth worldwide. This trend looks set to continue into next century with revenue form e-commerce rising to reach almost $200 billion by 2003. Like e-commerce, e-business has shown steady growth with revenue tripling in the period 1997-2000, rising from about $50 billion to $150 billion. However, during there is predicted to be a far more dramatic increase in e-business revenue over the next three years. It is thought that by 2003 revenue from e-business will have reached over $800 billion wordwide Unit Five P80 Findings A number of employees clearly suffer from a lack of motivation as a result of dissatisfaction in one or more areas of their work. The key findings are outlined below: ·Staff feel undervalued by the company, both on a financial and a personal level. It is generally felt that the company’s competitors offer higher levels of remuneration. The perception that managers are unappreciative of staff efforts is particularly noticeable in the Sales Department. ·Certain employees feel under-challenged. The company is clearly not exploiting the potential of its human resources. ·There appears to be a breakdown of communication in the Production Depa