高考英语阅读理解讲座(猜词、主旨大意)课件

nullnullnull上下文构词法猜测词意null●信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.1、定义或解释说明null2、对比关系 信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等 Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.null3、因果关系 信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的null4、举例法 信号词: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.null5、重述 信号词: or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way, i.e. In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields. All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to dentulous, that is to say, they are toothed whales.null6、同义词、近义词 信号词: or, like , as…as, the same as The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.null7、生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. nullWhat does it ask us to do? choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage. Which sentence best expresses the main idea? The best title/headline for this passage is_____. Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _____.null主旨大意 How do we sum up something from a passage?null查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中最基本, 最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。 1.Choose the most general word. A) chemist B) physicist C) scientist D) biologist 2.Choose the most general sentence. 　　A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. 　　B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. 　　C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. 　　D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. null3.Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage. 　　There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A) Economic Principles B) Law of Supply and Demand C) More Goods, Lower Prices D) Fewer Goods, Higher Prices null要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句( Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首或段尾处, 有时也在段落中间。同样, 一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此, 在阅读中, 我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English. nullLet us consider how voice training may contribute to personality development and an improved social adjustment. In the first place, it has been fairly well established that individuals tend to become what they believe other people think them to be. When people react more favorably toward us because our voices convey the impression that we are friendly, competent, and interesting, there is a strong tendency for us to develop those qualities in our personality. If we are treated with respect by others, we soon come to have more respect for ourselves. Then, too, one‘s own consciousness of having a pleasant, effective voice of which he does not need to be ashamed contributes materially to a feeling of poise（泰然自若）, self-confidence, and a just pride in himself. A good voice, like good clothes can do much for an ego（自我） that otherwise might be inclined to droop（萎靡）. 　　The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is: A) Our Ego 　　B) The Reflection of Our Personality C) How to Acquire a Pleasant Voice 　 D) Voice Training in Personality Development null主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。 In America they have a saying much laughed at by the English :”Have a nice day” they speak slowly and seriously in their shop, hotels and sandwich bars. I think it is a wonderful phrase, reminding us, in effect, to enjoy the moment: to value this very day. (2006广东，D)nullIf you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: “Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is “just right for you.” It costs $359. This sales tactic is called “bait and switch.” Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise（商品）and the reasons for the sale. 1. Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A) The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale. B) Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly. C) Many stores use the “bait and switch” technique to attract customers. D) Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale.null For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention. 当主题句被安排在段中时, 作者往往从具体的事例谈起, 随之归纳出主题, 然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论, 使立论更加清楚, 具有很强的说服力, 即以“立”为主, 对正面观点进行阐述。 有些段落的主题句被安排在段落的中间null Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sigh language in which motions stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally, spelling, however, cannot. 　 Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink（眨眼）can be a way of flirting（调情）or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. 　 Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture sighs also guide warn, and instruct people. 　 While verbalization（用语言表达）is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feeling. nullnull Since my retirement(退休 ) from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died. So perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes( 风景画) much influences ( 影响) by Krenkel and St. John for five years. … Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said, "At seventy I can follow my heart' s desire." (2006, 全国I卷 D篇) 69.What is the text mainly about? A.Learning to paint in later life. B.How to paint watercolors. C.An artist-turned teacher D.Life after retirement.null(2007 全国II, E) …Where a composer( 作曲家）begins, how he manages to keep going-in fact, how and where he learns trade-all are covered in complete darkness. The composer ,in short, is a man of mystery(神秘） One of the first things the common man wants to know about is the part inspiration(灵感) plays in a composer's work. He finds it difficult to believe that composers are not much interested in that question. Writing music is as natural for the composer as eating or sleeping for all. Music is somethings that the composer happens to have been born for He composer, therefore does not say to himself: "Do I feel inspired?" He says to himself: "Do I feel like working today?" And if he feels like working, he does. It is more or less like saying to himself: "Do I feel sleepy?" "If you feel sleepy, you go to sleep. If you don't feel sleepy, you stay up. If the composer doesn't feel like working, he doesn't work. It's as simple as that. nullSteps: 1. Read & find out key words or sentences. 2. Get the information & analysis carefully. 3. Delete the impossible choices if necessary. 4. Judge the remaining choices & make the right choice.nullWhile reading, try to conclude the way suitable for you and sum up the rules from what you have done.Teacher’s tipYou will be a wise learner!nullFinish reading passages on page 5 and 6HomeworknullThank you for your comments! Thank you for your coming!