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新概念英语家教_新概念英语第三册语法精粹

2011-05-28 43页 doc 214KB 28阅读

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新概念英语家教_新概念英语第三册语法精粹新概念英语第三册语法精粹(一):定语从句 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(一):定语从句 新概念三册语法精粹第一章 定语从句   1. 定语从句:由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 引导。   (下面十个句子请读 5遍并脱口译出!)   1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.   2. The man (whom) you spoke to jus...
新概念英语家教_新概念英语第三册语法精粹
新概念英语第三册语法精粹(一):定语从句 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(一):定语从句 新概念三册语法精粹第一章 定语从句   1. 定语从句:由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 引导。   (下面十个句子请读 5遍并脱口译出!)   1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.   2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend.   3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.   4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.   5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.   6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.   7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time.   8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.   9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.   10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.   2. 只能用that和who引导的定语从句   A.all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时   B.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时,后面常跟that而不是which.   C.先行词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等词修饰时,引导词只能用that。   D.当先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时,后面要用who或whom;   ● All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。   3. as 引导定语从句   as 引导的定语从句有两种形式:   A.引导限制性语从句。 在此类定语从句中,as常与主语中作为其先行词的such, the same或as联用构成,“such... as”,“the same... as”和“as ...as”句型,可代替先行词。   例如:We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。   B.as 引导非限制性定语从句时,作用与which相同,as作为关系代词代替整个主句。     (这是语法考试的一个考点。)   [注意区别]:   as 引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后,而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。   例如:As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.   据报道,一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(二):状语从句 基本上不看短文内容仅看选项,2010年高考有人竟然过了100分! 高考有没有瞬间大幅度提分的可能? 谁能让你不用花很多时间和心思学习,英语就能提高至少20-30分?要是真的话,简直是白捡的分数!不仅如此,当你了解了高考真题的所有内幕规律,看到了绝密的解题招式,就会豁然开朗。哇!原来也可以这么做题!你的思路因此将会被彻底打通,提高的分数将不仅仅是20-30分!无论现在的英语成绩是60分,还是110分,任何人都可以做到!这些绝密招式是太简单、太震撼了!所以,如果你看到了,切勿告诉他人,否则,他们会在高考中轻松超过你! 请注意 ! 如果你不相信这世上有考试秘诀,请立即将您的眼睛离开; 如果你习惯于按照传统思路做题,不希望有思维上的突破,请你立即将您的眼睛离开; 如果你现在的成绩已接近满分,甚至已是满分,请你立即将您的眼睛离开; 如果你患有心理疾病或心脏病,请您立即将您的眼睛离开; 如果你选择留下来,那么接下来的事,很可能让你目瞪口呆! 如果我告诉你N个秘诀,在做完形填空和阅读理解题时,不用看文章和题干,只是简单的比较四个选项,就能瞬间选出正确答案,你是否想看? 请先看下面的例子,它是辽宁卷2010年真题的第36题,是一个完形填空题. 在此我只列出它的四个选项,试试看,只是比较选项,你是否能够在3秒之内选出正确答案? 36. A. worried B. sad C. surprised D. nervous 正确答案是C, ABD都是一个人状态不好的倾向词,而C则为中性词,表述态度不一致者是答案。.如果你知道了这个秘诀,可以解决很多类似的完型填空题! 看一下辽宁卷2010年完形填空真题的第52题: 52. A. Largely B. Generally C. Gradually D. Probably 正确答案是C, ABD都是含义不肯定的副词,排除表述不明确的选项,答案就水落石出了. 如果你知道了这个秘诀,你更是可以解决很多类似的完型填空题! 试想一下,知道了全部36个完形秘诀之后,您的分数会怎么样呢? 请再看下面的例子,它是辽宁卷2010年真题阅读理解题的第56题,在此我只写出它的题干和四个选项.也试试看,只是比较选项,你是否能够在5秒之内选出正确答案? 56. From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers . A.worked very hard for centuries B.dreamed of having a better life C.were poor but somewhat content D.lived a different life from their forefathers 正确答案是C, 选项中表述的内容前后相互矛盾的是答案! 思路很简单,如果你掌握了其中的秘诀,抛开文章,你也可以很快选出正确答案. 掌握此类瞬间解题秘诀,不仅缩短了答题时间,还能保障近乎100%的准确率!请上www.sypeterwu.com或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询! 吴军英语高分密码,让您第一次课就提10分!20次课提25-62分! 模棱两可处和看不懂,该怎么办? 要知道,如果对文章似懂非懂,那么,在文章中寻找答案线索就像大海捞针一样的难,更谈不上做对题!吴军英语高分密码将会告诉你此类瞬间解题秘诀,帮助你辨识选项中的诸多暗示点,瞬间找出正确答案,或者瞬间排除错误选项.请记住!在英语完型填空和阅读理解题的选项中,从头到尾都充满了暗示点,善于利用这些暗示点,可以快速做对题! 无论任何人,在考试中,总会遇到吃不准选项的题,或可以称之为不会做的“难题”,那么,如果遇到“难题”,你会怎办?是放弃?不可能,怎么着也要“猜”出一个答案!那么,是“瞎猜”吗?如果是“瞎猜”,其正确率仅是25%,是可想而知的低!那么,如何“猜”才能有高的准确率呢?如果我告诉你N个秘诀,让你在做“难题”时,猜出的答案的准确率由25%提高至95%,甚至是100%,你愿意继续看下去吗? 35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send out 35题在B和C模棱两可处到底选哪个? 当然选范围大的,能包括另一个的,即选B. 再举个例子,假如2010年辽宁卷高考英语完形填空的47题,不知选哪个, 怎么办? As I found out, there is, 46 , often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two 47 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to 48 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 49 meaning of a word in English! 47. A. words B. names C. ideas D. characters 很简单,选A,勿须有任何的犹豫,为什么?复现法则! 吴军英语高分密码会告诉你具体原因以及更多的解决“难题”的秘诀,都是非常的简单和直接.请记住!遇到“难题”,即使“猜”答案,也要“猜”的有理有据,切勿盲目的“猜”!   The moment he was about to 47 the hospital, he saw on the desk the 48 new book ,just as he had left it one 49 ago.   48. A much B still C hardly D quite 很简单,选B,为什么?答案高频词汇倾向归纳让你笑逐颜开! 高频形容词 \ 副词: suddenly, even, finally, first, last, again, also, however, though, although, yet, instead, even though, but, still等. 吴军英语高分密码真的有这么神奇吗?是!一点儿没错!效果是绝对的真实!作为一种化考试,选择题本身是有很多缺陷的,这些缺陷就是暗示点,就是解题的突破口!吴军英语高分密码通过对历年真题的长时间的研究,对这些暗示点进行了全面、深入、细致的挖掘和整理,将其转化为超级解题秘诀! 每一个秘诀的准确率都在95%以上,甚至是100% 吴军英语高分密码,真正做到了立竿见影!甚至是一剑封喉!单选280个考点,42个诀窍; 阅读16大满分攻略; 完形36绝招; 七选五6大原则; 改错36个规律;作文4大6-8页;不想考上一本、二本都很难!马上用吴军英语高分密码对照历年所有的高考真题进行逐一的验证吧! 遇到吴军老师,您太幸运了!请上www.sypeterwu.com或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询! “当时学习,当时提分”的超实战家教! 抚顺2中的徐金良同学,来时成绩是71分左右, 2009年高考成绩为117分;沈阳4中的刘洪鹏同学 来时成绩是46分, 2009年高考成绩为100分; 黑山1中的高三刘璐同学来时成绩是50-70分, 2010年高考成绩为113分!………………………. 孩子从小学开始,学习英语已经多年,孩子天天背单词、做习题、记笔记,做过的卷子岂止几百套,上千套,那么孩子的英语成绩一直在稳步提高吗?还是一直没有提高,甚至越学越落后、越学越迷茫?如果孩子的英语成绩一直提高不了,如果孩子一直抓不住重点、找不到感觉,就来找 “神奇”的吴军老师吧!在这里孩子马上就会体验到英语学习成绩“突飞猛进”的快乐!在这里一天提高几十分的孩子比比皆是! 鲁美附中、沈音附中7人全部考取国本! 热烈庆祝吴军一对一家教学员---2010届鲁美附中1班王巨龙、冯潇潇,沈音附中李同学(女,不愿公开全名)及沈阳2中补习班姜雯悦等7人考取鲁美和沈阳音乐学院!为什么一个英语烂到家的学生,在不到2-3个月内成绩突飞猛进?为什么英语基础几乎为零的学生经过他辅导10到20 次课,成绩就能迅速提升30-70多分?走捷径考高分的窍门是什么?沈阳高端英语快速提分名师吴军老师将为您咨询谜底。艺术类国本,英语小分很关键!9年的高分经验能成就了他们,同样也可以成就暂时停止成功的你! 只学习5-10次课,英语成绩就提高了30多分!   能接触到吴军老师《英语高分密码》的人太幸运了!如何把握中心,猜测题意,一听就会!融会贯通,举一反三!沈阳83中高二的金柏岑同学来时成绩是82分, 2010年学习5次课后的期末成绩为108分; 现就读于沈阳4中高二文科班的胡兢元同学来时成绩是91分, 13次课后的期末成绩为125分; 现就读于皇姑区沈阳10中高一的高雅慧同学来时成绩是90分左右, 2010年高一下学期期中考试的成绩为127分;现就读于沈阳东北育才高中本部高二的戴冠宇同学来时成绩是107分,学习后的成绩稳定在125-140分之间,最好成绩是由倒数到班里前6名。 2010年沈阳中考距离满分竟然只差了7分! 2010届杏坛中学初三6班的周千会同学(女), 2010年沈阳市铁西区一模才120分左右,其中一大半还是‘懵’来的。跟吴军老师学习3-4次后,自己很快找到了英语学习的感觉,好像一下子容易了很多,二模考了135分。10次课后,中考距离满分竟然只差了七分,考了143分。她说没想到她的最高纪录竟然创造在2010年沈阳中考中! 请上www.sypeterwu.com或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询! 2010中考冲刺,没想到效果居然这么好! 2010届43中学初三13班的李圣同学(男),初三后成绩与其他同学突然拉大,成绩一直在80分左右,很少达到及格线90分,对自己没有信心,对英语家教更是排斥。跟吴军老师学习20次后,虽与好学生还有5-7分的差距,但又找到了初一前十名时的感觉。2010年沈阳中考虽然发挥不算理想(非选择手写部分基础不好),也达到了129分! 请上www.sypeterwu.com或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询! 英语一对一家教授课内容 单项选择 13条经典实战技巧,助你避开语法的干扰轻松得高分; 完型填空 11个重要特点,10种判断技巧,彻底解决一错错一串、发挥不稳定两大难题; 阅读理解 9大要点,9种提高方法轻松解决 做题慢准确率低等难题; 短文改错 6大应试策略,6大提高方法让你拿分如探囊取物; 书面表达 “黄金写作模型”,精辟独到的讲解,写出让阅卷老师无可挑剔的高分作文! 以下情况不能提分: 单词量要达到初二牛津8B水平(目标高考分数是70-95分),初二牛津9B水平(目标高考分数是95-115分),当次见效(通过现场实战做题,题也可以自己带,明显感觉提了8-10分),一般8-20次课达到目标!什么也不会(连羊sheep和睡觉sleep都分不清就别浪费家里的钱了),家里有钱也没用,”神”也帮不了你! 心里形成强烈“自己不行”思维定势,不能迅速扭转的,应先找心理医生或另寻他法; 一模40分,二模50分以上可以来,30分左右的得包5-8天,费用得1.5万起,否则拒访! 不走心,每次课都没有问题,甚至连给的课后专项题或语境化词汇题都不做的, 拒访!非要学可以,成绩变化不大,就别来找我! 仅上3-5次课就想提30-50分的别来,当次课提分是因为阅读或完形有了技巧性突破,但考点还没系统化,所以只能提10-15分. 提30-50分不是3-5次而是包3-5天! 他的诚信宣言: 1.我只能帮助孩子提高英语分数,而不能提高孩子基本功! 2.现成绩125分以上的同学,建议不要参加。因为他们只有10~15分的提分空间,性价比不合适! 3.听完1小时内不满意,保证不问原因、不问理由、无条件地、全额退费!超过了,则按一课收取。讲课当中或讲完后,提供试题或自己带题,马上答题验证!再于下次补交10-20次的费用,3课内不满意可以退回未上课的所有费用,因用大量时间为您的孩子做个性化教案,故3课后恕不退还!本承诺已坚持了四年半! 4.保分”需要过程,中考高考结束后才能验证,到时就算退回了学费也买不回来孩子的时间和未来。Peter高分英语“立竿见影”当次课见效!每次课后都可以拿高考真题和你的期中/末考题来验证高分教案,答的正确率高或方法好使,就可以证明我们的教案有效!一般情况下,85分以上来的,都能在6-20课内提到105-135分。2009-2010年(吴军亲授的学生)高考130分以上的有39人,3个月内提高了50-70分的有17人。请上www.sypeterwu.com或上百度,输入"沈阳英语家教吴军"查询! 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(二):状语从句   超级作文联接词及词组,全部拿下!   ① 原因:because, since, now that(既然)as, for, this reason....   ② 结果:so that, so, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result ....   ③ 时间:after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays ...   ④ 条件:if, only if., once, unless, in the event (that), in case (that), provided that, on the condition that, etc.   ⑤ 让步:though, although, even though(if), no matter what / how / when→ whatever / however / whenever ....   ⑥ 目的:in order that, in order to, to,   ⑦ 比较:than, as ... as, by comparison(相比较),by contrast(相对照).... 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(三):名词性从句 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(三):名词性从句   王牌要点:通常由 that或疑问词导出。 1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.(主语从句)   2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.(宾语从句)   3. The problem is what we'll do next.(表语从句)   4. We have no idea that he has come back.(同位语从句)   同位语(Appositive):   同位语是英语语法的重点内容,也是各类考试中的一个考点,同时,在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。   《新概念英语》 第三册第一课有这样一个句子: When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.   (当伦敦动物园接到说,在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时,这些报告并没有受到重视。)   在这里,a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London就是同位语从句,它本来应该放在 “reports”后面,这里却被放在了谓语成分 came into London zoo的后面,目的是让句型显得更为稳重。 I.简单记忆:同位语从句,就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。 I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday.   (that 引导的句子解释了news的内容,注意:that不做任何成分)   We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad.   (that 引导的句子解释了fact的内容) II.联想记忆:   能接同位词从句的名词有:belief(信仰),fact,idea,doubt,rumor(谣言),evidence(证据),conclusion(结论),suggestion(建议),problem,order,answer,discovery(发 现)explanation(解释),principle(原则),possibility(可能性),truth,promise(承诺),report(报告),statement(),knowledge(知识),opinion(观点),likelihood(可能性)   [大声朗读三遍,背下即可。]   III.王牌要点:   ● 同位语一般由that引导,但也可以用关系代词which, who, what和关系副词when, where, why, how或 whether 引导。      There arouse the question whether we could win the game.      I have no idea howto explain it.   ● 一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。(非常经典之功能句式,可用于四六级和托福作文,不妨一试!):      on the assumption(在……前提下),      on the ground(由于……原因),      on the condition that(在……条件下),      with the exception(有……例外)      owing to the fact(由于……事实);      on the understanding(基于……理解);      The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa.      那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头,条件是他给她买一幢别墅。 IV.分隔式同位语从句   为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻,有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾,(读两遍此定义,然后看倒句:)   An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter.   I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie "Titanic". V. 同位语从句与定语从句之区别   简单记忆:定语从句的引导词 that 或 which在句子中用作主语或宾语,而同位语从句的引导词that只起连接主句和从句之作用,不用作任何成分。   示例:I've got an answer that A is right. (同位语从句,that 不做成分)   I've got an answer that surprised me a lot.(定语从句,that做定语从句的主语)   VI.王牌重点:可以充当同位语的词组或短语。   1)名词短语。(使句型更为简洁)   Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998.   Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history.   2)动名词词组亦可用作同位语:别忘了加逗号。(使句型更为流畅)   I'm crazy about the game, playing baseball.   Going to concert, that sounds a great idea.   3)不定式短语。(陌生只是掌握的开始)   The problem what to do next remains unsolved.   Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.   4)形容词词组。(有逗号隔开)   All the workers, young or old, should be treated equally.   Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity.   VII. 同位语的引导词。(重要!这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分)   引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系:   1.namely, that it is, that is to say(也就是说), in other words(换句话说), or, for short 表示等同关系。   2.such as, say, so to speak(譬如说), including(包括), for instance(或 for example (e.g. / eg),表示举例和列举关系。   3.especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly表示突出重点,(在高难度阅读中表示后面的部分为更重要或更突出的部分,是出题的关键点。) 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(四):虚拟语气 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(四):虚拟语气   虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望,与事实相反的假设,通常分为基本的三种形式。   1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟:   If + did / were + ..., ... would   should   could          + do (动词原形)   might   If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)   If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)   2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟:   If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...   If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.    (I didn't know your telephone number.)   If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.    (You didn't come here earlier.)   3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟:   (1) If + should + v., ... would + v.   (可能性很小)(译作“万一”)   If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.   If I should fail, what should Ido?   (2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v.    (完全不可能)   If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.   If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car. 4. 金牌特殊重点:!!   [简单联想记忆]:   ● 下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式,即should + 动词原形,shoud在美国英语中要省略(TOEFL语法考点)。此类常见的动词有:       order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建议)insist(坚决要求),advise, etc.       例句:He suggested that we (should) help them with English.       The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.   ● 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“should + 动词原形”(should可省去)的虚拟。       suggestion,  order,  request,  demand,  importance,  proposal.       He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.       I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.   ● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主语+ should + v.       It is strange that you should say such a thing.       It was important that you should tell me all the information.   ● wish后的宾语从句中,as if 后的状语从句中,须用下列的虚拟形式:       主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指现在)       had done(指过去)       would+ v.(指将来)       Iwishthat I met my uncle now.       IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.       IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.   ● It is (high) time that ... + did / were ...       It is time that you went to bed.   ● would rather that ... + did / were ...       I would rather that you were not here now.   ● would sooner that ... + did / were ...       I would sooner that you got up earlier.       I would sooner that you were not my brother. 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(五):代替与省略 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(五):代替与省略   英语中,为了避免不必要的重复,经常用so, not, to, do, does 代替前面出现的动词或相关内容。   如:He translated the article better than I did. (did代替wrote it)        — Doyou think she isclever?        — I think so. (so代替 she is clever)   (1) 从上两例中看出,do / does / did 代替动词。   (2) "so 与 not" 代替某个词、短语、句子等,通常用于hope, think, believe, expect, suppose, be afraid, fear, imagine, etc后作宾语。        E.g. — Is it correct?              — I'm afraid not. (not correct)   (3) "to" 用作不定式,常跟随下列动词:want, mean, hope, expect, refuse, seem, intend, be, afraid, etc.        E.g. I asked him to go to the party, but he refused to. (go to the party)   (4) "do so, do that, do it" 用来代替动态动词,而不能代静态动词。        Eg. — He gave up studying English.             — Why did he do so? (= give up studying English)             — The dish tastes nice.             — Yes, so it does. (tastes nice)             (此句不能用it does it 或 it does so, 因taste属静态动词。   (5) 为使语言精炼,避免不必要的重复,对话中常用省略形式。         E.g. — He is thinking of buying a car?               — Is he?(这里,“thinking of buying a car”被省略了。)               — Will he come back in time?   —​ Perhaps.(省略了he will come back in time.) 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(六):倒 装 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(六):倒 装   根据语法要求,把谓语动词置于主语前,称为完全倒装,把助动词或情态动词置于主语前,称为部分倒装。   1.副词如:in, out, down, there, here, off, over, away, etc. 句子倒装。(完全倒装,但主语不能是代词)        Down jumped the murderer from the tenth floor.        In came Miss Green.       (特别注意:当主语是人称代词时不倒装。)        Away she went!(她走了!)        Here you are!(你在这儿!)   2.only + 副词(介词短语)位于句首,句子要倒装。        Only then did he realize that he was mistaken.        Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.   3.well, so, often, such, few, little 放于句首,句子形成倒装。        So fine was the weather that we all went out lying in the sun.        Well did I know him and well did he know me.   4.否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首时,句子须倒装。此类词有: neither,nor,hardly,scarcely, rarely,seldom,not,never,not only,barely,at no time,nowhere等。        e.g. — Jack could not swim.              — Neither could Tom.              Never have I seen such a good movie.   5.as引导让步状语从句,须倒装。(准确地说,是将需要强调的词提到as的前面。)        Rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity.        Try as he does, he never seems able to do the work beautifully.   6.在表示祝愿的句子中。        May you make greater progress! (愿你取得更大进步!)   7.在虚拟条件句中,连词if省略时,句型要倒装,即将were, had, should等词提到句首。        Were I you, I would go abroad to take advanced study.        我要是你,就出国进修了。        Should he come tomorrow, he would help us to settle the problem.        他要是明天来的话,他会帮我们解决这个问题的。     Were they here now, they could help us.  = If they were here now, they could help us.        Had you come earlier, you would have met him   =  If you had come earlier, you would have met him.         Should it rain, the crops would be saved.   = Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意:   在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。   If I were you, I would go to look for him.   如果我是你,就会去找他。   If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。 典型例题  _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.      A. If were I   B. I were   C. Were I    D. Was I   答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.   8.百分特例重点:        Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want.       (NCE Book III Lesson 26)         尽管我们为自己的绝好鉴赏力感到自豪,但我们已经无法自由地选择我们所需要的东西了。 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(七):形容词   定义:形容词是用来修饰名词的词,描述名词的性质、外观、特点等。   功能:形容词可以做定语、表语或补助语。   分类:主要分为两类:描绘性形容词和限定性形容词。   ● 描绘性形容词主要用来描绘大、小、新旧、颜色、质量等。   ● 限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰词的数量、距离及范围所属等。   1.当形容词修饰单数可数名词时,必须与冠词连用:   a lovely girl,      the naughty boy   2.形容词可与系动词连用,做表语,说明主语的性状。常用系动词有:be,become,seem,appear,feel,look,taste,smell,sound, remain,go,turn,keep,stay, etc.   The dish tastes delicious.   The music sounds sweet.   The milk went bad.   小心陷阱  feel,smell,taste,look,keep有时可以用作实义动词,并可以用副词修饰。   He looked me up and down carefully.   I tasted the soup slowly to see whether it was salty.   3.形容词用作后置定语。(简单理解:一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面,但有些形容词修饰名词时放在名词的后面)   a river navigable(一条可通航的河)   sight visible可见的景象   person responsible(负责人)注意:responsible person(有责任心的人)   the best way possible(尽可能好的办法)   the number necessary(必要的数量)   the people present(在场的人)   4.只能作表语的形容词   1.某些表示健康状况的形容词。   well(身体好的),ill(病的),faint(虚弱的),poorly(身体不好的)   示例:His mother has been ill for a long time.   特别注意:sick是个特例。它既可做表语,又可做定语。   He is sick for a couple of days.(他病两三天了)   He is a sick person.(他是个病人。)   2.某些以 a-开头的形容词。   如:afraid(害怕的),alone(独自的),alive(活着的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒 着的),aware(意识到的)   The old man is alone in the house.(老人一个人在家。)   The teacher is alive with enthusiasm.(这位老师热情洋溢。)   He is asleep in his mother's arms.(他在母亲的怀抱中睡着了。)   I have been aware of the difficulty.(我已经意识到了困难。) 新概念英语第三册语法精粹(八):副 词 定义:副词用来修饰动词(系动词除外),形容词,其它副词或整个句子。   功能:表示时间、方式、程度、范围等。   分类:   ● 时间及频度副词:before,frequently,always,usually 等   ● 地点副词:here,northward,anywhere,above,below等   ● 方式副词:rapidly,quickly,clearly,hard,well等   ● 程度副词:quite,much,nearly,just,enough,perfectly,only 等   ● 疑问副词:how,why,when,where 等   例:He walked out of the room slowly.   She looks very beautiful.   We study English very carefully.   Even a child can do it better.   Perhaps she will telephone you tomorrow.   金牌要点:几个重要副词的使用:   1. enough:修饰形容词或副词,须置于被修饰词后;而修饰名词时放在修饰词的前面。       He is old enough to go to school.       I have enough money to buy this type of bicycle.   2. too:位于形容词或副词前。       She is too eager to see me.   3. very:置于所修饰的形容词、副词前。       He is very handsome and many girls like to speak with him.   4. much:修饰动词,形容词及副词比较级。       The subject has beentalked too much.       Her dress is much more beautiful than mine.   5. still:“依旧,仍然”用于肯定句、否定句中。       He still remembers the days they spent together.       I still can not catch his words.   6. yet: 位于疑问句末尾时意思是“已经”;用于否定句时意思是“还”。       Have you emptied the dustbin yet?       I haven't done that yet.   7. only: 根据句意灵活运用。(请翻译下面三个句子!)       Only he can tell you how to do it.       He can only tell you how to do it.       He can tell you how to do it only today.   8. hardly, scarcely, seldom, never本身为否定意义副词,注意使用。       Hardly had we left the station when it began to rain. 你知道吗? 几个易混淆的副词:   1. easy: stand easy (= comfortably)       easily: It can't be solved easily. 2. clear: The bullet went clear through the window. (= directly)       clearly: Clearly, he doesn't know anything about it. (= obviously) 3. high: He can jump very high.(高地)     highly: We think highly of the good teacher.(高度地) 4. just: We have just know the news.(刚刚)     justly: He was justly punished.(公正地) 5. hard: You must think hard.(努力地)     hardly: He hardly knows about it.(几乎不) 6. pretty: He is not pretty sure about it.(非常)     prettily: The girl is prettily dressed.(漂亮地) 7. near: He lives near the school.(附近)     nearly: I nearly missed
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