趣事一箩筐（3）——小伙替我开一下

...TEST1SECTION1RECEPTIONIST:Goodafternoon,DreamtimeTravel.HowcanIhelpyou?CUSTOMER:Ohhello.I'minterestedintheholidaysyouofferalongthecoastnearhere.RECEPTIONIST:Yes.Weoperateseveraltoursupthecoast.Whereinparticulardidyouwanttogo?CUSTOMER:Well,Ilikethesoundoftheholidaythatmentionedwhales.Wasit'WhaleWatching'?RECEPTIONIST:Oh,that'sourWhaleWatchExperience.lt'sverypopularandit'sbasedinalovelylittletownwithnicebeaches.CUSTOMER:Ohright,andhowlongdoesitlast?RECEPTIONIST:It'stwodays-thatincludesfourhours'traveltimeeachwayfromhere.CUSTOMER:Good,Idon'twanttobeawayanylongerthanthat.Soisthatbycoach?RECEPTIONIST:Actuallyit'sbyminibus.Weliketokeepthosetourssmallandpersonalsowedon'ttakeawholecoachloadofpeople.infact,weonlytakeuptofifteenpeopleonthistour,althoughwedorunitwithjusttwelveorthirteen.CUSTOMER:Oh,right.Sodoyourunthesetoursoften?RECEPTIONIST:Wellitdependsonthetimeofyear.Ofcourseinpeaktimeslikethesummerholidayswedothemeveryweekend,butatthemomentit'susuallyonceamonthatmost.CUSTOMER:Andwhenisthenextonegoing?RECEPTIONIST:Mmm,letmesee.Um,there'soneinthreeweeks'timewhichisAprilthe18th,andthenwedon'thaveanotheroneuntilJunethe2nd.CUSTOMER:Allright,andisAprilagoodtimetogo?RECEPTIONIST:Prettygood.Thoughthereallygoodtimeislaterintheyear.Ihavetosaythoughthatthewhalesightingisonlyoneofthemanythingsoffered.CUSTOMER:Really?RECEPTIONIST:Yes.Thehotelitselfwhereyoustayhasgreatfacilities.It'scalledThePallisades.CUSTOMER:ThePariswhat?RECEPTIONIST:No,it'sactuallyThePallisades,P-A-L-L-I-S-A-D-E-S.It'srightonthemainbeachthere.CUSTOMER:Oh,Isee.RECEPTIONIST:Alloftheroomshaveniceviewsandthefoodisreallygoodtheretoo.CUSTOMER:Ohright.CUSTOMER:Andwhatabouttheotherthings?Youknow,thatareincludedintheprice.RECEPTIONIST:Oh,therearelotsofthings.Ifyoudon'twanttodothewhalewatchcruise,yourguidewilltakeanyonewhoisinterestedeitheronabushwalkthroughthenationalparknearthehotel,andthere'snoextrachargeforthat,oronafishingtrip.That'sanextra$12Ithink.Andthere'salsoareptileparkintown-thatcostsmoreorlessthesame.CUSTOMER:No,IthinkI'dpreferwhalestosnakes.RECEPTIONIST:Yeah.Andifyoujustwanttorelaxyouarefreetositbythehotelpoolorgodownthebeach.Oh,andtheyalsohavetenniscourtsatthehotel,butyouhavetopayforthosebythehour.Buttherearetabletennistablesdownstairsandthey'repartoftheaccommodationpackage.Justspeaktoyourguide.CUSTOMER:Wellthatsoundsgood.Sohowmuchisthebasictourprice?RECEPTIONIST:Atthistimeofyearit'susuallyaround$300butletmecheck.Er...oh,it'sactually$280.CUSTOMER:Andthenexttour,arethereanyplacesonthatone?RECEPTIONIST:HOWmanypeopleIsItfor?CUSTOMER:Thesearetwoofus.RECEPTIONIST:Yes,thatshouldbefine.CanIjustmentionthatwerequireallbookingstobemadeatleastfourteendaysbeforeyoutraveltoavoidcancellationsoftours.Andifyoucancelwithinsevendaysofdepartureyouwillhavetopay50%ofyourtotalbooking.CUSTOMER:OK.RECEPTIONIST:Andyoualsoneedtopaya20%depositatthetimeofbooking.CUSTOMER:CanIpaythatbycreditcard?RECEPTIONIST:Yes,youcan.CUSTOMER:Allright,whatI'lldoisI'lltalktomypartnerandgetbacktoyou.RECEPTIONIST:Fine.SoI'llmakeaprovisionalbooking,shallI?-twofortheWhaleWatchExperience.Letmeissueyouwithacustomerreferencenumberforwhenyoucallback.Doyouhaveapen?CUSTOMER:Yes.RECEPTIONIST:OK,it'sthreenineseven,fourfive,T.That'sTfortango.Whenyoucallback,asktospeaktotheTourManager,that'sme,Tracy.CUSTOMER:Fine,Iwill.SECTION2Helloandwelcometotoday's“BuyerBeware”programme,wherewegiveyousometipsonhowtospendyourmoneywisely.How,intoday'sshowwe'relookingatbedsforchildrenandbabies.Let'sstartbylookingatbabycots,that'sforchildrenofuptothreeyearsold.Wetestedthreedifferentcotsallinthebudgetpricerangeand,asusual,wewillfeaturethegoodpoints,theproblemsandourverdict.ThefirstcotwelookedatwasbyBabySafeandithadseveralgoodpointstorecommendit.Ourtesterslikedthefactthatithadfourwheels,soitwaseasytomovearound.Theonlyslightproblemswiththiscotwerethatithadnobrakes,buttheydidn'tthinkthatmatteredtoomuch.Atfirsttheywereabitconcernedaboutthesidebar,becausetheyfeltbabiescouldtraptheirfingersinit,butourtestersfeltthatthiswasunlikelytohappensotheyhavegiventhisoneaverdictof“satisfactory.ThenextcotwasbyChoiceCotsandthistimeourtesterswerepleasedtofindacotwhichissimpletoputtogether-unlikeotherswelookedat.Ontheminusside,ourtestersdidnotlikethefactthatthesideofthecotdidnotdropdown,makingitdifficulttopickupnewbornbabies.However,therealproblemwiththiscotwasthespacebetweenthebars;ourtestersfoundtheyweretoowideandababycouldeasilytraphishead.Wefeltthiswasarealsafetyhazardandsowehavelabelledthisonedangerous,I'mafraid.AndfinallybetternewsfortheMother'sChoicecot.Thiscotwasslightlydifferentinthat,althoughthesidebardidnotdropdown,thebasecouldberaisedorloweredintotwodifferentpositionsmakingitsafeaswellasconvenient.Thenegativesforthisonewerequiteminor;theonlyniggleeveryonehadwasthefactthatithasnowheelsandtheonlyotherproblemanyonecouldfind,wasthattherewerepictureswhichweresimplystuckonandsocouldeasilybecomedetached.Themakershavenowpromisedtodiscontinuethispractice.Asthiscotwillthenbesafeineveryway,wehavemadetheMother'sChoicecotourbestbuy.CongratulationsMother'sChoice!So,whatfeaturesshouldyoulookforinababy'scot?Wellobviouslysafetyisaveryimportantfactoraswellascomfortandconvenience.Werecommendthat,ifyouarebuyingacot,domakesurethatanymetalpresentisnotrustedorbentinanyway.Youshouldensureyourcothasonlyroundedorsmoothedgingwithoutanysharpedges,thisisespeciallyimportantforwoodencots.Andnowontobedsfortoddlers...SECTION3ANDREW:Excuseme,Iwastoldtocomehereforadviceabout,erm,ManagementDiplomacourses?MONICA:You'vecertainlycometotherightplace.Hi,mynameisMonica.ANDREW:Nicetomeetyou.MynameisAndrew,AndrewHarris.MONICA:So,Andrew,haveyouseenourdiplomacourseprospectusyet?ANDREW:Yes,I'vealreadylookedatit.Infact,Ithoughttheinformationoncoursecontentwasreallyuseful,butI'mafraidI'mabitconfusedbyallthedifferentwaysyoucandothecourse:full-timeintensive,part-timeandsoon.MONICA:Well,let'sseeifIcanhelp.Ithinkeachcoursetypehasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,soitreallydependsonyou-yourownstudyhabits,andyourfinancialcircumstances,ofcourse.Areyouworkingatthemoment?ANDREW:Yes.I'vebeenworkingintheadministrationsectionofthelocalhospitalforthelastthreeyears.AndbeforethatIworkedintheofficeofacomputerengineeringcompanyfortwoyears.So,I'vegotaboutfiveyearsofrelevantworkexperience.AndwhatI'mhopingtofocusonisPersonnelManagement.MONICA:Isee.Andareyouplanningtoleaveyourcurrentjobtostudy,orareyouthinkingaboutjusttakingayearoff?ANDREW:Iwanttoknowwhatmyoptionsare,really.Idon'twanttoquitmyjoboranythingandmyemployersarekeenformetogetsomemorequalificationsbutobviously,itwouldbebetterifIcoulddoacoursewithouttakingtoomuchtimeawayfromwork.MONICA:Right,soyoudon'treallywanttodothefull-timecourse,then?ANDREW:No,notreally.It'salsoaquestionoffinances.Yousee,myofficehaveagreedtopaythecostoftheCourseitself,butIwouldhavetotakeunpaidleaveifIwanttostudyfull-timeand,well,Idon'tthinkIcouldaffordtosupportmyselfwithnosalaryforawholeyear.MONICA:OK.Well,youhavetwootherpossibilities:youcouldeitherdothepart-timecourse-thatwouldbeovertwoyearsandyouwouldn'thavetotakeanytimeoffwork-oryoucoulddowhatwecalla'modular'course.Youcoulddothatineighteenmonthsifyouwanted-orlonger,it'squiteflexibleanditwouldbeuptoyou.ANDREW:Mmm.Sowhatdoesthepart-timecourseinvolve?MONICA:Forthatyouwouldjoinaneveningclassandhavealecturetwiceaweek.Then,you'dhavetoattendaseminarordiscussionworkshoponeweekendamonth.ANDREW:WhatkindofcourseworkwouldIhavetodo?MONICA:Well,it'samixture.You'dbeexpectedtowriteanessayeachmonth,whichcountstowardsyourfinalassessment.Youhaveacasestudytodobytheendofthecourse,whichmightinvolvedoingasurveyorsomethinglikethat,andalsoyouneedtohandinashortreporteveryfourweeks.ANDREW:So,that'squitealotofwork,then,ontopofworkingeveryday.Itsoundslikealotofstudying-andreallytiring.MONICA:Yes,youcertainlywouldn'thavemuchfreetime!ANDREW:Whataboutthe'modular'course?WhatwouldIhavetodoforthat?MONICA:That'swhereyougettheopportunitytostudyfull-timeforshortperiods.Thatwayyoucancoveralotofcourseworkandattendlecturesandseminarsduringtheday.Andeachmodulelastsforoneterm,say,abouttwelveweeksatatime.Thereareobviousadvantagesinthis-themainonebeingthatyoucanstudyinamuchmoreintensiveway,whichsuitssomepeoplemuchbetter.ANDREW:Andhowmanyofthese'modules'wouldIhavetodotogetthediploma?MONICA:Thecurrentprogrammeistwomodules-andthenyouhavetochooseatopictoworkinmoredepth-butyoucanbasethatonyourjob,andsoyoudon'tneedtobeawayfromtheoffice,andhowlongittakesisuptoyou.ANDREW:Theimportantthingisthatyoudon'thavetostudyandwork.Youcanfocusononethingatatime.MONICA:Yes,Icanseethat.Itcertainlysoundsattractive!Itwouldbemoreexpensive,though.Imean,I'dhavetosupportmyselfwithoutpayforeachmodule.ANDREW:That'strue,sothatmightbeaproblemforyou.Look,whydon'tyoutalkthisoverwithyouremployersand...SECTION4OK,sowe'vebeenlookingattheattitudesofvarioussocialandculturalgroupstowardsthemanagementoftheirpersonalfinances-howimportanttheyfeelitistosavemoney,andwhattheysavetheirmoneyfor.Oneaspectthatwehaven'tyetconsideredisgender.Soifweconsidergenderissueswe'rebasicallyaskingwhethermenandwomenhavedifferentattitudestowardssavingmoney,andwhethertheysavemoneyfordifferentthings:Backin1928theBritishwriterGeorgeBernardShawwroteinhisIntelligentWomen'sGuidetoSocialismandCapitalismthatAmanissupposedtounderstandpolities,economicsandfinanceandisthereforeunwillingtoacceptessentialinstruction.'liealsosaid,'Awoman,havingfewerpretensions,isfarmorewillingtolearn'.Now,thoughthesedayspeoplemightquestionalotoftheassumptionscontainedinthosestatements,recentresearchdoessuggestthattherearesomequitefundamentaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomenintheirattitudestoeconomicmatters.Let'slookatwhatmenandwomenactuallysavefor.ResearchstudiesofwomeninNorthAmericahavefoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelytosavefortheirchildren'seducationandtheyarealsomorelikelytosaveupinordertobuyahouseoneday.Thesamestudieshavefoundthatmen,ontheotherhand,tendtosaveforacar,whichbythewaytakesasurprisinglylargeamountofthehouseholdbudgetinNorthAmerica.Buttheothermainpriorityformenwhensavingmoneyistheirretirement.Whenthey'reearning,they'refarmorelikelytoputmoneyasidefortheiroldagethanwomenare.Nowthisisratherdisturbing,becauseinfacttheneedforwomentosavefortheiroldageisfargreaterthanformen.Let'sconsiderthisforamoment.Tostartwith,itisafactthatthroughouttheworld,womenarelikelytolivemanyyearslongerthanmen,sotheyneedmoneytosupportthemduringthistime.Sincewomenarelikelytobetheonesleftwithoutapartnerinoldage,theymaythereforehavetopayfornursingcare,becausetheydon'thaveaspousetolookafterthem.FurthermorethehighdivorceratesinNorthAmericaarecreatingapovertycycleforwomen.Itisthedivorcedwomenwhowillmostoftenhavetolookafterthechildrenandthustheyneedmoremoneytolook.afternotjustthemselvesbutothers.Sowhatcanbedoneaboutthissituation?ThepopulationinNorthAmericaislikelytocontainanincreasingnumberofelderlywomen.Theresearchindicatesthatatpresentforwomenittakesacrisistomakethemthinkabouttheirfuturefinancialsituation.Butofcoursethisistheveryworsttimeforanyonetomakeimportantdecisions.Womentodayneedtolookahead,thinkahead-notwaituntilthey'reunderpressure.Evenwomenintheirearlytwentiesneedtothinkaboutpensions,forexample,andwithincreasingnumbersofwomeninprofessionalpositionstherearesignsthatthisisbeginningtohappen.Thenresearchalsosuggeststhatwomenavoiddealingeffectivelywiththeireconomicsituationbecauseofalackofconfidence.Thebestwayforthemtoovercomethisisbygettingthemselvesproperlyinformedsotheyarelessdependentonotherpeople'sadvice.Anumberofinitiativeshavebeensetuptohelpthemdothis.ThisCollege,forexample,isoneoftheeducationalinstitutionswhichoffersnightclassesinMoneyManagement,andincreasingnumbersofwomenareenrollingonsuchcourses.Here,theycanbegivenadviceondifferentwaysofsaving.Manywomenareunwillingtoinvestinstocksandshares,forinstance,butthesecanbeextremelyprofitable.Itisusuallyadvisedthatatleast70%ofaperson'ssavingsshouldbeinlow-riskinvestmentsbutfortherest,financialadvisorsoftenadvisetakingsomewell-informedrisks.Initiativessuchasthiscangivewomentheeconomicskillsandknowledgetheyneedforacomfortable,independentretirement.Theincreasingproportionofelderlywomeninthepopulationislikelytohaveothereconomicconsequences...C6T1TAPESCRIPTSSECTION1MAN:Right,gotthat.Andwhat’sthenexttype?WOMAN:Well,that’sSilver—it’sthesameasGoldexceptyouhavetopayasmallfeeof£1,00perlessonforanyyoudoandyoucanonlyusethecentreatcertaintimes.MAN:Isee.Sowhenexactly？WOMAN:Youcanonlyusethefacilitiesbetween10amand4:30pm.MAN:SoIcouldn’tusethepoolat8inthemorningorevening,then?WOMAN:That’sright.MAN:OK.Andthepriceforthat?IsthejoiningfeethesameasforGold?WOMAN:Actually,it’sslightlylessthanthe£250—it’s£225,buttheannualfeeisonly£300.Doesthatsoundmorelikewhatyouwant?MAN:Well,it’sstillrathermoreexpensivethanIthought.I’mastudenthereinEnglandandI’monlyhereforsixmonths.WOMAN:Ah,thentheBronzeschemewouldprobablysuityoubest.MAN:Howisthatdifferent?WOMAN:Well,someofthefacilitieshaverestricteduse.MAN:AnddoIhavetopayforclasses?WOMAN:Yes,it’s£3foreachclassyoujoin.MAN:Isee.Andwhatarethehoursthen?WOMAN:Between10.30and3.30weekdaysonlyandyoupaya£50joiningfee.Theannualfeeis£180—itworksoutat£15amonth,sothatwouldbequitealotcheaper.MAN:Oh,thatshouldbeallright.Icouldcomeinmyfreeperiods.WhatdoIhavetodoifIwanttojoin?WOMAN:Well,webookyouinforanassessmentwithaninstructor,whowillshowyouhowtousealltheequipment.Ifyouwanttoorganizeatrialsessionandlookaroundthecentre,you’llneedtospeaktoDavidKynchley.MAN:Hmm.Couldyouspellthatplease?WOMAN:Yes,DavidK-Y-N-C-H-L-E-Y.I’llgiveyouhisdirectlinenumber.It’soh-four-five-eight-nine-five-three-doubleone.MAN:Thanks.WOMAN:ThankyouforcallingKingswellClub.SECTION2MAN:AndhereonRadioRivendenwehaveLynneRawley,thePublicRelationsOfficerofourownRivendenCityTheatre.Hello,Lynne.LYNNE:Hello.MAN:Now,thetheatreisreopeningsoonafteritsthree-yearredevelopmentprogram,isn’tit?LYNNE:That’sright,andtherearealotofimprovements.Thefirstthingpeoplewillseewhentheygoinisthatthefoyerhasbeenrepaintedintheoriginalgreenandgold.Thentheboxofficehasbeenreorientedwithitsownaccessformthesideofthebuildinginsteadofthroughthefoyer,whichmeansitcanbeopenlongerhours,andhasmorespace,too.Theshopthatusedtobeinthefoyer,whichsoldbooksandCDs,istheonepartoftheredevelopmentwhichisn’tyetcomplete.Theplanistofindnewpremisesforitnearthetheatre,andwe’vehaddifficultyfindingsomewheresuitable.Wehopetoreopentheshopinthenextfewmonths.MAN:Willaudiencesfindanydifferenceintheauditorium?LYNNE:Yes,we’veincreasedtheleg-roombetweentherows.Thismeansthattherearenowfewerseatsbutwe’resureaudienceswillbemuchhappier.Andwe’veinstalledairconditioning,soitwon’tgetsohotandstuffy.Wealreadyhadafewseatswhichweresuitableforwheelchairusers,andnowtherearetwiceasmany,whichwehopewillmeetdemand.Somethingelsethatwillbenefitaudiencesisthenewlifts.Thetwoweusedtohaveweresmallandslow.They’venowgone,andwe’vegotmuchmoreefficientones.MAN:Anythingfortheperformers?LYNNE:Yes,we’vemadeanumberofimprovementsbackstage.Thesmalldarkdressingroomsweusedtohavehavebeenconvertedintotwolargeairyrooms,sothey’remuchmorecomfortablenow.Andthestate-of-the-artelectronicsoundandlightingsystemshavebeeninstalled.MAN:OK,sowhat’sthefirstplaythataudiencescanseewhenthetheatrereopens?LYNNE:We’vegotaveryexcitingproductionofPeterShaffer’sRoyalHuntoftheSun,whichiscurrentlytouringthecountry.ThatstartsonOctoberthe13thandrunstillthe19th.We’reexperimentingbitwiththetimethecurtaingoesup.Weusedtostartallourperformancesat7.30,butthatmadeitdifficultforpeopletogohomebypublictransport,soinsteadwe’rebeginningat7.Becauseat9.45,whenitfinished,therearestillbusesrunning.Ticketsarealreadysellingfast.TheFridayandSaturdayperformancessoldoutalmostimmediatelyand,nowthereareonlyticketsforMondayandThursday.MAN:Howmucharethey?LYNNE:We’veintroducedasimplerpricestructure.Ticketpricesusedtorangefrom£6to£30butnowthey’reall£18.They’reavailablefromtheboxoffice,inperson,byphone,faxorpost,oronlineMAN:OK,Lynne,nowifyou’dliketogivethecontactdetailsforthetheatre.SECTION3TUTOR:Hello,canIhelpyou?BRIAN:Iwastoldtocomehere,becauseI’dliketotalktosomeoneabouttakingamanagementcourse.TUTOR:Right.I’moneofthetutors,soIshouldbeabletohelpyou.BRIAN:Oh,good.Myname’sBrianArdley.I’vedecidedtoenrollonapart-timemanagementcourse.Afriendofminetookonelastyear,andrecommendedittome.TUTOR:Right.BRIAN:IsthereanythingIshoulddobeforethecourse,likereadingoranything?TUTOR:Weprefertointegratereadingwiththecourse,sowedon’tgiveoutareadinglistinadvance.Butwelikepeopletowriteacasestudy,describinganorganizationtheyknow.BRIAN:I’vealreadydonethat,asmyfriendstoldmeyouwantedone.Butwoulditbepossibletositinonateachingsession,toseewhatit’slike?Ihaven’tbeenastudentforquiteawhile.TUTOR:Fine.Justletmeknowwhichdate,I’llarrangeitwiththetutor.BRIAN:Now,couldIaskyouaboutthecollegefacilities,please?TUTOR:Anythinginparticular?BRIAN:Well,thecourseisonedayaweek,allday,isn’tit?Sopresumablyit’spossibletobuyfood?TUTOR:Yes,therefectory’sopenallday.BRIAN:Doesitcaterforspecialdiets?Ihavesomefoodallergies.TUTOR:Providedyouwarntherefectoryinadvance,itwon’tbeaproblem.BRIAN:Good.Whataboutfacilitiesforyoungchildren?I’dliketobringmydaughterherewhileI’mstudying.TUTOR:Howoldisshe?BRIAN:Three.TUTOR:Thenshe’seligibletojointhenursery,whichissupervisedbyaqualifiedNurseryNurse.Thewaitinglistforaplaceisquitelongthough,soyououghttoapplynow.BRIAN:OK.TUTOR:Idon’tknowifourcareersadviceservicewouldbeofanyinteresttoyou?BRIAN:Yes,itmighthelpmedecidehowtodevelopmycareerafterthecourse.TUTOR:Thecentrehasalotofreferencematerials,andstaffqualifiedtogiveguidanceonaone-to-onebasis.BRIAN:Inoticedafitnesscentrenexttothecollege.Isthatforstudents?TUTOR:It’sopentoeveryone,butstudentspayanannualfeethat’smuchlessthanthegeneralpublicpays.BRIAN:Andpresumablythecollegelibrarystocksnewspapersandjournals,aswellasbooks?TUTOR:Yes,andthere’salsoanaudio-visualroom,forviewingandlisteningtovideos,cassettes,andsoon.BRIAN:Istherealsoaccesstocomputers?TUTOR:Yes,yourtutorwillneedtoarrangewiththetechnicalsupportteamforyoutogetapassword,soaskhimorheraboutitwhenyoustartthecourse.BRIAN:OK.TUTOR:Bytheway,doyouknowaboutourBusinessCentre?BRIAN:No.What’sthat?TUTOR:It’satrainingresource-acollectionofmaterialsforpeopletostudyontheirown,oruseintheirownorganizations.BRIAN:Uhuh.Youmeanbooksandvideos?TUTOR:Yes,andmanualsforself-study.Plusalotofcomputer-basedmaterials,sopeoplecanwordthroughthemattheirownspeed,andrepeatanythingtheyaren’tsureabout.Andyoucanhirelaptopstouseinyourownhomeorworkplacesaswellasprintersthatyoucantakeaway.BRIAN:DoesithaveanythingthatIcouldusetoimprovemystudyskills?Idon’thavemuchideaaboutreportwriting,andI’msureI’llneeditonthecourse.TUTOR:Ohyes,there’splentyofusefulmaterial.Justaskoneofthestaff.BRIAN:Doesthecentrecoverallthemainareasofbusiness?TUTOR:Yes,topicslikefinance,andofcoursemarketing-that’sapopularone.Localmanagersseemtoqueueuptoborrowthevideos!BRIAN:Soitisn’tjustforstudents,then?TUTOR:No,it’sformembersonly,butanyonecanjoin.BRIAN:Howmuchdoesitcost?TUTOR:£100ayearforacompany,and£50foranindividual,withnodiscountforstudents,I’mafraid.BIRAN:That’sveryhelpful.Well,Ithinkthat’sall.I’dbettergohomeandfillintheenrolmentform.Thanksforallyourhelp.TUTOR:You’rewelcome.Goodbye.BRIAN:Goodbye.SECTION4Inthelastfewweeks,we’vebeenlookingatvariousaspectsofthesocialhistoryofLondon,andthismorningwe’recontinuingwithalookatlifeintheareacalledtheEastEnd.I’llstartwithabriefhistoryofthedistrict,andthenfocusonlifeinthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.BackinthefirsttothefourthcenturiesAD,whentheRomanscontrolledEngland,Londongrewintoatownof45,000people,andwhat’snowtheEastEnd–theareabytheriverThames,andalongtheroadheadingnorth-eastfromLondontothecoast–consistedoffarmlandwithcropsandlivestockwhichhelpedtofeedthatpopulation.TheRomansleftin410,atthebeginningofthefifthcentury,andfromthenonwardsthecountrysufferedaseriesofinvasionsbytribesfrompresent-dayGermanyandDenmark,theAngles,SaxonsandJutes,andmanyofwhomsettledintheEastEnd.Thetechnologytheyintroducedmeantthatmetalandleathergoodswereproducedthereforthefirsttime.AndastheEastEndwasbytheriver,shipscouldtransportgoodsbetweenthereandforeignmarkets.Intheeleventhcentury,in1066tobeprecise,theNormansconqueredEngland,andduringthenextfewcenturiesLondonbecameoneofthemostpowerfulandprosperouscitiesinEurope.TheEastEndbenefitedfromthis,andbecausetherewerefewerrestrictionstherethaninthecityitself,plentyofnewcomerssettledtherefromabroad,bringingtheirskillsasworkers,merchantsormoney–lendersduringthenextfewhundredyears.Inthesixteenthcenturythefirstdockwasdugwhereshipswereconstructed,eventuallymakingtheEastEndthefocusofmassiveinternationaltrade.Andinthelatesixteenthcentury,whenmuchoftherestofEnglandwassufferingeconomically,alotofagriculturalworkerscametotheEastEndtolookforalternativework.Intheseventeenthcentury,theEastEndwasstillaseriesofseparate,semi-ruralsettlements.Therewasashortageofaccommodation,somarshlandwasdrainedandbuiltontohousethelargenumbersofpeoplenowlivingthere.BythenineteenthcenturyLondonwasthebusiestportintheworld,andthisbecamethemainsourceofemploymentintheEastEnd.Thosewhocouldaffordtoliveinmorepleasantsurroundingsmovedout,andtheareabecameonewherethevastmajorityofpeoplelivedinextremepoverty,andsufferedfromappallingsanitaryconditions.Thatbriefoutlinetakesustobeginningofthetwentiethcentury,andnowwe’llturntohousing.Atthebeginningofthecentury,livingconditionsforthemajorityofworkingpeopleinEastLondonwereverybasicindeed.Houseswerecrowdedcloselytogetherandusuallyverybadlybuilt,becausetherewasnoregulation.Butthepoorandneedywereattractedbythepossibilityofwork,andtheyhadtobehoused.Itwastheavailability,ratherthanthecondition,ofthehousingthatwasthemajorconcernfortenantsandlandlordsalike.Fewhouseshadelectricityatthistime,soothersourcesofpowerwereused,likecoalforthefireswhichheatedperhapsjustoneroom.Ofcourse,thesmokefromthesecontributedagreatdealoftheairpollutionforwhichLondonusedtobefamous.Atiny,damp,unhealthyhouselikethismightwellbeoccupiedbytwofullfamilies,possiblyincludingseveralchildren,grandparents,auntsanduncles.Now,beforeIgoontohealthimplicationsofthiswayoflife,I’llsaysomethingaboutfoodandnutrition.TAST1Section1Man:Hello,thisisLandTransportinformationattorontoAirport.Woman:Oh,goodmorning,I’mflyingtotorontoAirportnextweek,andIneedtogettoatowncalledum,Milton.CpouldyoutellmehowIcangetthere?Man:Milton,didyousay?Letmesee.Ithinkthat’sabout150milessouth-westofhere.Infactit’s147milestobeexact,soit’lltakeyouatleast–say,threetofourhoursbyroad.Woman:Wow!Isitasfarasthat?Man:yes,I’mafraidso.Butyouhaveanumberofoptionstogetyouhereandyoucanalwaysrentacarrighthereattheairport,ofcourse.Woman:Right.Well,Idon’treallywanttodrivemyself，soI’dlikemoreinformationaboutpublictransport.Man:Ok.Inthatcasethequickestandmostcomfortableisacabandofcoursetherearealwaysplentyavailable.Butit’llcostyou.youcanalsotakeagreyhoundbusorthere’sanairportshuttleServicetoMiiton.Woman:Hummm,Ithinkforthatkindofdistanceacabwouldbewaybeyondmybudget.ButthebussoundsOK.Canyoutellmehowmuchthatwouldcost?Man:Sure.Let’ssee.Thatwoldbe$15oneway,or$27.50return.That’sontheGreyhound.Woman:Oh,that’squitecheap-great!.butwhereaboutsdoesiestopinMilton?Man:ItgoesdirectlyfromtheairportheretotheCityCentreandit’sprettyfast.Butyouhavetobearinmindthatthereisonlyonedepartureaday,soitdependswhattimeyourflightgetsin.Woman:Oh,ofcourse.Hangon,we’reduetogetthereat11:30am.Man:Hmmm,toobad,thebusleavesat3:45,soyouwouldhavequiteawait–morethan4hours.Woman:Oh,Isee.Well,whatabouttheshuttleyoumentioned?Man:OK.That’stheAirportShuttlethatwilltakeyoufromtheairportrighttoyourhotelorprivateaddress.It’sadoor-to-doorserviceanditwouldsuityoumuchbetter,becausethere’soneeverytwohours.Woman:Sohowmuchdoesthatcost?Man:Let’ssee.Yeah,that’s$35oneway,$65return,soIguessit’sabitmoreexpensivethantheGreyhound.Woman:Oh,thatdoesn’tsoundtoobad.especiallyifit*lltakemestraighttothehotel.Man:Butyoudoneedtoreserveaseat.Woman:OK.Isitpossibletomakeabookingrightnow?Throughyou?Man:Sure.Man:OK.Ijusthavetofillthisformoutforyou.Sowhatdatedoyouwanttobookthisfor?Woman:The16thofOctobler–oh,no,sorry.that’smydeparturedate.Iarriveonthe17th,sobookitforthen,please.Man:So,That’stheTorontoAirportShuttletoMilton.Andthisisforjustonepersonor…?Woman:yes,justme,please.Man:Right.Andyousaidyourexceptedtimeofarrivalwas11:30?SoifIbookyourShuttleforafter12:00-let’ssay,12:30thatshouldgiveyouplentyoftimeto,youknow,collectyourbaggagemaybegrabacoffee?Woman:Yeah,thatsoundsfine,aslongaswelandontime!Man:Well,we’lltakeyouflightdetailssoyoudon’tneedtowarrytoomuchaboutthat.Now.whataboutthefare?Whatsortofticketdoyouwant?Onewayor…？Woman:Yes,that’llbefine,providedIcanbookthereturntriponceI’mthere.Man:Noproblem–justallowacoupleofdaysinadvancedtomakesureyougetaseat.Andwhat’syouname,please?Woman:Janet,JanetThomson.Man:IsthatThompsonspeltwitha“p”?Woman:No,it’sT-H-O-M-S-O-N.Man:OK,Andyou’llbecomingfromtheUK?Whatflightwillyoubetravellingon?Woman:Oh,it’sAirCanadaflightnumberAC936,fromLondonHeathrow.Man:Right.Now,doyouknowwhereyou’llbestaying?Weneedtogivethedriveranaddress.Woman:yes,it’scalledtheVacationMote-andIthinkit’snearthetowncentre.Anyway,theaddressis24KitchenerStreet-that’skitchenerstreet.Man:That’sfine.Right.Sothat’s$35topayplease.Haveyougetyourcreditcardnumberthere？Woman:Yes,it’saVISAcard,andthenumberis3303845020456837Man:OK，well,thatseemstobeeverything.haveagoodtripandwe’llseeyouinTorontonextweek.Woman:yes,bye-ok,thanksforyourhelp!section2Thankyouallforcomingtomytalkthisevening.It’snicetoseemanypeopleintheaudience.Forthoseofyouwhodon’tknowverymuchaboutPSCamping,letmestartbygivingyousomebackgroundinformationaboutthecompany.Thecompanystartedtwenty-fiveyearsago.Itactuallyopenedasaretailchainsellingcampingequipmentandthentwentyyearsago,itboughtasmallnumberofcampsitesintheUK,andbeganofferingcampingholidays.ThecompanygrewrapidlyandhasbeenprovidingholidaysincontinentalEuropeforthelastfifteenyears.Ifyoubookacampingholidaywithus,you’llhaveachoiceofoverthreehundredsites.InItalywenowhavesome64sitesthatweeitherown,orhaveexclusiveuseofFranceiswherewehavethemajorityofsites,andwecurrentlyhaveaprojecttoexpandintoSwitzerland.WealsohaveanumberofsitesinNorthernSpain,particularlyinthemountainousregionofpicosdeEuropa.We’veupgradedalltheseSpanishsites,andimprovedthemconsiderablyfromtheiroriginalthree-starratingWebelieveourholidaysoffersuperbfacilitiesforthewholefamily.Parentswhowanttheirchildrentobefullyoccupiedforallorpartofthedaycantakeadvantageofourchildren’sactivities.Theseareorganisedbyourwell-qualifiedandenthusiasticstaff.Eachdaykicksoffasportsmatch,perhapsfootball,orvolleyball,followedbyanhourofdramaforeveryone.Thismayincludesingingordancing,mimeorotheractivities.Intheafternoon,there’sadifferentartactivityforeachdayoftheweekincludingapostercompetitionormodelmaking.What’smore,oursitesaretrulychild-friendly,and,withthisinmind,weoperateano-noiseruleintheevenings.Children’seveningactivitiesusuallyfinishat9:30,oroccasionally10,andfrom10:30holiday-makersareexpectedtobequietintheareaswheretherearetents.WewantnothingtogowrongonaPSCampingholiday,butifitdoes,wealsowantallcustomerstobeinsured.Ifyouhaven’torganisedanannualinsurancepolicyofyourownyou’llneedtotakeoutthelow-costcoverweofferandwerequirethatyouarrangethiswhenyoutakeyourholidayreservation.TherearemanyadvantagestochoosingPSCamping,andtorecommendingittoothers.Asaregularcustomer.You’llbekeptinformedofspecialoffers.Andyourfriendscanbenefitfromtenpercentofftheirholiday,orbookaluxurytentforthepriceofastandardone.Inreturn,we’llsendyouathank-youpresent,whichyoucanchoosefromalistofhigh-qualityitems.Whenitcomestoourtents,theseareequippedtothehigheststandard.Wereallydothinkofeveryessentialdetail,fromanovenandcookingringsfuelledbybottledgas,tomirrorsinthebedroomareas.Ifyoudon’twanttocookindoors,youcanborrowabarbecueifyouaskinadvanceforonetobemadeavailable,andthere’sevenapicnicblankettositonoutsideyourtent.Inside,aboxofgamesandtoyscanbefound,andchildren’stentscanbehiredifrequired,Alltentshaveafridge,andifyouwanttospendthedayonthebeach,forexample,askforaspeciallydesignedPSCampingcoolbox,whichwillkeepyourfoodanddrinkschilled.Thereareexcellentwashingfacilitiesatalloursites,withwashingmachinesandclotheslinesinthecentralareas,alongwithmopsandbucketsincaseyourtentneedscleaningduringyourstay.Allsiteshaveacafeand/orashopforthosewho’drather‘eatin’thandineatalocalrestaurant.section3Tutor:Well,you’vebothbeenlookingatdifferentstylesofmanagingindividuals，incompaniesandtheworkplace.How’stheresearchgoing,philip?Philip:Well,I’vebeenlookingatwhyindividualism,Imeanindividualdifference,aresuchanimportantareaofmanagementstudies.Whenyouthinkaboutanyorganization,beitafamilybusinessoramultinationalcompany,theyareallfundamentallyagroupofpeopleworkingtogether.Butit’swhattheseindividualscontributetotheirpleasesofworkthatmakesyourealizehowimportanttheyare.Ofcoursetheybringdifferentideas,butit’salsotheirattitudesandtheirexperiencesoflearning.Diversityisimportantintheseareastoo.Tutor:Sowhydopeoplebehavesodifferentlyfromoneanotheratwork?Philip:Therearelotsofreasonbutresearchhasshownalotofitcomesdowntopersonality.Andtheotherfactorisgender.It’sawellknownfactthatmenandwomendolotsofthingsindifferentways,andtheworkplaceisnodifferent.Tutor:Didyoulookattheeffectsofthisvariationoncompanies?Philip:Yes,Idid.Onthepositiveside,exposuretosuchdiversityhelpsencouragecreativitywhichisgenerallyanassettoacompany.Butunfortunatelyindividualdifferencearealsotherootofconflictbetweenstaffandtheycanleadtodifficultiesformanagement,whichcansometimesbeserious.**********************************************Tutor:Thanks,philip.SonowIguessthetwomainthingstorememberherearetoidentifyindividualtalentandthentoutilizeit.SoJanice,youwerelookingatidentifyingdifferenttalentsinworkersDoyouthinkthisiseasyformanagerstodo?Janice:Well,currentlyteamworkisinfashionintheworkplaceandinmyopiniontheimportanceoftheindividualisgenerallyneglected.Whatmanagersshouldbetargetingisthoseemployeeswhocantaketheleadinasituationandarenotafraidtoaccepttheideaofresponsibility.Tutor:That’strue.Janicebutunfortunatelymanymanagersthinktheentirenotionofencouragingindividualityamongsttheirstaffisfartoohard.Janice:Yes.ThatmaybetruebutIthinkoneofthemostimportanttasksofmanagersistoconsidertheneedsoftheindividualononehandandgroupco-operationandconformityontheother.Itrequirescreativethinkingonthepartofmanagementtoavoidtension.Tutor:SoJanice,whatkindofpeopledoyouthinkcompaniesshouldbelookingfor?JaniceWell,ithastostartfromtheverybeginningwhencompaniesarelookingfornewemployees.Whenthepersonaldepartmentischoosingbetweenapplicantstheyneedtolookforsomeonewho’sbrokenthemouldandcanthinkforthemselves.Instead,peoplemakingthesedecisionsoftenuesarangeofpsychologicalteststoseeifapersonisaproblemsolver,orwilldoasthey’retold.I’mnotconvincedthesequalitiesareactuallythemostimportant.Tutor:Sodoyouthinkbeingagoodteamplayerisoverrated?JaniceNo,it’snotoverrated.Youdoneedtolearntherulesandlearnthemfast.Noindividualcangetaroundthisifyou’reworkinginanorganization.Tutor:Sohowshouldmanagersdealwiththis?JaniceRewards.Whenanindividualdemonstrates,thebehaviourtheorganisationexpects,somekindofincentivecanbegiven.What’simportanthereisthatthishappensrightatthebeginningsonewrecruitslearntherulesofthesystemimmediately.Alsotheincentiveshouldbesomethingtheindividualactuallywants,andthisisn’talwaysjustmoney。Tutor:Tocomebacktoyou,philip.Youweresayingthatrecognitionofgoodperformersisessential.Whatelseshouldmanagersbelookingfor?Philip:Well,managingpeoplemeansyounotonlyhaveanunderstandingofyouremployees,butyoualsorecognisethecultureoftheorganization.Infact,forsomeorganizationscreativityandindividualitymaybethelastthingtheywanttoseeduringworkinghours.Tutor:Verytrue.Philip:Yes,butmanagingpeopleisn’taseasyasitlooks.Forexample,changeintheworkplacecanbequitetricky.Especiallyifthere’saneedtoincreaseprofit，.Andattimeslikethesemanagersmayhavetogiveprioritytoprofitratherthanindividualstaffneeds.Tutor:yes,andthatcreatesdifficultsituationsforpeople.Philip:Yes,butwhat’simportantisthatmanagersareabletodealwithquitehighlevelsofpersonalstress.Duringtimesofchangetheyshouldbethinkingnotonlyaboutthestrainontheirstaffbuttaketimeouttothinkofthemselves.Tutor:Absolutely.Sowhataretheimplicationsofthatfor…section4Goodafternoon,everyone!ThisisthefirstseninarinpreparationforourarchaeologicalfieldworkinNamibia,wearefantasticallylucktohavereceivedpartialresearchfundingforthistripfromourInstitute,soIshallexpect200%attentionandparticipationfromyouall.Firstinthisseminar,I’mgoingtogiveabriefintroductiontocontemporaryresearchonrockart,andinthesecondpartI’mgoingtogiveyousomedo’sanddon’tsforourfieldworktripinApril–sopleaselistenverycarefully.I’mfirstgoingtofocusontheinterpretationofrockartinNamibia,weareveryfortunatetobegoingtoanareawhereyoucanfindsomeofthemostimportantsitesintheentireworld.AndIhopetoshowyouhoweasyitisfoeeveryonetomakemistakesinlookingatcultureswhicharedifferentfromourpwn–thefirstandmostimportantlessonwehavetolearn.InNamibiatherearebothpaintingsandengraving–that’swherethesurfaceoftherockiscutout.Manyoftheengravingsshowfootprintsofanimalsandmostscholarsusedtothinkthatthepurposeofthesewassimpleandobvious.Thisrockartwaslikeaschoolbookwithpicturetoteachchildrenabouttrackswhickbelongedtowhichanimal–giraffe,lionandsoon.Butthereweresomemysteries.First,whenyoulookatatypicalNamibianpaintingorengraving,youseethetracksarerepeated,therearedozensoftracksforthesameanimal.You’dexpectjustoneclearillustrationifthereason–theaim–wastoteachtracking.Nowthereweretwomoreproblem,whyaresomeoftheengravingofanimalsveryaccurateasyou’dexpect–allclearlyidentifiable-andothersquiteunrealisticAndanothermystery–someoftheseunrealisticanimals–that*sintheengravings–seemtobehalfhuman.Some,forexample,havegothumanfaces,Manyreaearchersnowthinkthatthesewerepicturesthewisemenengravedofthemselves.Theybelivedtheycouldusemagictocontroltheanimalstheyhaddrawn,sothehunterscouldthencatchthemforfood.Thisshowsyousomeofthedangersofcomingfromoneculturetoanother,aswe’llbedoing,withoutunderstandingitfully.Scholarsimaginedthatchildrenlookedatrockartpicturestolearntotrack–justbecausetheythemselveshadlearntskillsfrompictures,manyresearchersnowbelievethatrockarthadamuchmorecomplexpurpose,andwe*lltalkmoreaboutitnextweek.!NowbeforeIinviteyoutojoininadiscussioninthissecondpartoftheseminar,I’dliketomakesomeveryimportantpointsaboutpurfieldwork–andinfaceanyfieldtriptolookatrockart.We’regoingtoanumberofsites,andwewon’talwaystotogether.Thesinglelargestproblemfacedbypeoplewhomanagethesitesis–yes,I’msureyou’veguessed–damagecausedbyvisitors,eventhoughit’susuallyunintentional.Whenever,youdogotoasite,don’tforgetyoucanlearnmanythingsfromobservingatadistanceinsteadofwalkingalloverit.Thiscanreallyhelptoreducevisitorpressure.Peopleoftensay.“Well,there’sonlytwoofusandjustthisonetime”,butmaybethousandsofpeoplearesayingthesamething.Andthensomebasicrulestoguideyou–we’llhaveourowncampnearavillage,butremembernevertocamponasiteifyougoonyourown,.Itmaybedisrespectfultothepeopleofthatculture,andcertainlydon’tmakefires,howeverromanticitmayseem,It’sreallydangerousindryareas,andyoucaneasilyburnpricelessundiscoveredmaterialbydoingso.So,howarewegoingtoenjoytherockartonourfieldtrip?Bylookingatit,drawingitandphotographineit–NEVERbytouchingitoreventracingit.Rockartisfragileandprecious.Rememberthatclimbingonrocksandincavescandestroyinamomentwhathaslastedforcenturies.SonoheroicsinNamibia,please!Trytobeextracarefulandhelpotherstobetoo.Andlastlypleasedon’tevenmoverocksorbranchestotakephotographs–youshouldleavethesiteintace–I’msureIcanrelyonyoutodothat..Well,That’saboutallIwanttosaybeforetoday’sfirstdiscussion,butifyouhaveanyquestionpleaseaskthemnow–anddon’tforgetyou’llfindsomefascinatinginformationaboutworld-widesitesontheInternet.Right,firstquestionthen?