语态中的主动和被动

语态有两种： 语态有两种： 　　主动语态和被动语态。 　　主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 　主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤： 　　1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 　　2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 　　3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 　1）若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态　时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。 　　feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 　　The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 　　--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 　　2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。 　　Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 　　let 的用法 　　1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。 　　They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go. 　　2） 若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。 　　The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 　　----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital 短语动词的被动语态 　　短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 　　This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. 　　示"据说"或"相信" 的词组 　　believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand 　　It is said that…　据说　 　　It is reported that… 据报道　 　　It is believed that…　大家相信　 　　It is hoped that…　大家希望 　　It is well known that… 众所周知　 　　It is thought that…　大家认为 　　It is suggested that…　据建议　 　　It is taken granted that…　被视为当然　 　　It has been decided that… 大家决定　 　　It must be remember that…务必记住的是 　　It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday. 语态的注意事项 不用被动语态的情况 　　1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： 　　appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 　　After the fire, very little remained of my house. 　　比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 　　(对) The price has risen. 　　(对) The accident happened last week. 　　(对) The price has been raised. .　 　　(对) Please be seated. 　　2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： 　　fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 　　This key just fits the lock. 　　Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 　　3) 系动词无被动语态： 　　appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 　　It sounds good. 　　4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： 　　die, death, dream, live, life 　　She dreamed a bad dream last night. 　　5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 　　(对) She likes to swim. 主动形式表示被动意义 　　1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive… 　　The book sells well.　这本书销路好。 　　This knife cuts easily.　这刀子很好用。 　　2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build 　　Much work remains. 　　3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。 　　The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 　　This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。 　　This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。 　　4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。 被动形式表示主动意义 　　be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries 　　He is graduated from a famous university. 　　他毕业于一所有名的大学。 　　注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。 　　He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl. 　　need/want/require/worth 　　注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。 　　Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。 　　The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 　　The book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。 　　典型例题 　　The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.　 　　A. cleaning　B. be cleaned　C. clean　D. being cleaned 　　答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。 　　典：done，"不可能已经"。must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时)。 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 被动语态的结构 （一般现在时） 　　主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 　　被动语态的口诀： 　　一般现、过用be +V.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。 　　完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。 　　一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。 　　将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing, 　　现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。 　　现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。 　　情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。 　　否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。 　　主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。 　　一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。 　　复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。 　　1.一般现在时 is\am\are+P.P(过去分词) 　　2.一般过去时 was\were+P.P 　　3.一般将来时 will be+P.P 　　4.现在进行时 is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P 　　5.过去进行时 was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P 　　6.现在完成时 have\has been+P.P 　　7.过去完成时 had been+P.P