你是想找一份挣钱多的工作还是感兴趣的工作

这是一篇今年11月份《21世纪》报和新东方合办的“大学英语四六级作文征文比赛”中我看到的一位同学的作文。尽管是一位英语专业同学写的，有牛刀宰鸡之嫌，但确实不失为一篇好文章，甚至可以作为专八作文的范例。作文题目的大意是问你是想找一份挣钱多的工作还是感兴趣的工作。原文如下(略有改动) 　　Prevalent is the controversy which should come first，profits or personal interest, when one is to plunge into the job market. 　　People who focus on monetary rewards contend that a job is mainly a supplier of bread and butter in our lives and thus other factors should reasonably come later. After all, one can do nothing without money. While others maintain that career goes beyond merely a means of earning a living, and you can never fully realize self-value unless in a position which is intrinsically attractive to you. 　　Indeed, “A profitable job or a job I love”, a question every graduate will inescapably be confronted by, can boil down to the choice between financial benefits and other factors that one relishes more in an occupation. Given the context of the global financial crisis, a profitable job should logically top our priority list as far as I am concerned. 　　The bankruptcy of thousands of businesses and the volatility in stock price has been relentlessly reminding people that the fallout of this credit crunch will not easily and soon evaporate. Ongoing cutbacks in jobs and sliced payrolls have made a lucrative job increasingly tantalizing. No one can turn his or her back on the harsh reality which forces us to exert and exhibit sobriety when making such a life-altering decision. I can hardly think of a person who remains cheerful and jubilant when he has no stuff to fill the stomach and no shelter to hide in. After all, economic foundation determines the superstructure. Any enjoyment obtained on the spiritual quest fades when the person fails to reach the subsistence level. 　　Besides, a profitable job and a beloved one are not mutually exclusive. A clean, compact office environment, intimacy among colleagues, interest and proficiency in the job itself, all those can be cultivated through individual efforts, and then will surely make the job more appealing and love-worthwhile. So, when offered an option of a financially decent living while not losing the opportunity to make the occupation more ideal, is there anyone willing to turn it down? In a nutshell, “a profitable job” gains more weight when compared with one in which a person merely has some interest. Only by being visionary and taking the long-term interests into account can we fulfill the universal dream of a blissful life. Some others think that money is the root of all evil. Due to the greed for money, people will do various kinds of evil things, such as stealing, robbing or even murder. Money can easily change a kind, honest man into a cruel, cunning woe. 　　In my opinion, both of the above-mentioned viewpoints go to an extreme. Money itself is neither good nor evil. It all depends on how we look at it. We can not deny the importance of money in the modern society. Meanwhile, we should not ignore the fact that something can not be bought by money, such as friendship, true love and so on. 　　这两例都是采用了对应写作方式，将提示中的三句分别扩展成三段，三段之间相互衔接，构成一个完整的篇章。 　　2 .调整法 　　尽管是提纲式写作，提纲所提示的只是文章所要包括的主要内容，却不是文章的结构模式，一般情况下，同学们应根据英语文章的类型，重新安排文章。如上面有关 " 钱 " 的一个写作，按照英语的表达习惯，最好是加上一个引子。 　　What is money? To this question, different people hold differently. Some thing money is the source of happiness, while some regard it as the root of all evils. As far as I am concerned, they both have their reasons 　　Those who consider money as the source of happiness argue that money means massive house, beautiful clothes, or luxurious cars, and can enable them and their families live comfortably. They even believe that money can bring power, friendship, and love. But due to the temptation of money, there are many people who become thieves, robbers, or murderers. It is also out of the greed for money that some officials forget their duty and cause enormous losses to the country, so some people think that money is the root of all evil and suggest that we keep away from money. 　　In fact, money is merely a medium of exchange. It may bring you happiness; it may lead you to a life of crime. Whether it is good or bad depends on how it is used. 　　二、 首段和尾段的写作 　　上一讲中我们介绍了段落的扩展模式，也就是说，我们已经了解了文章中间一部分的叙述模式。根据四六级写作的特点，一般首段和尾段都要自己补上，那么怎么才能写好首尾段呢，下面我介绍一下，首尾段的写作方式。 　　1 .首段的写作 　　首段的写作方式一般为： 　　运用事实性信息、调查或故事等引出话题， 2 )导入主题，然后提出自己的观点，也就是文章的论点 　　首段开篇的方式常见的有： 1 ) 谚语法 　　由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。 　　As the saying goes, "Money makes the mare go", but there are many things we can't buy with money, such as time and true love. … 　　2 ) 定义法 　　定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。 　　"Practice makes perfect" is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end. 　　3 ) 提问法 　　通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。 　　a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer? 　　b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question. 　　4 ) 概括法 　　概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。 　　In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems. 　　5 ) 故事法 　　故事法指用简单有趣的故事激发读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。如下面 "Is Stress a Bad Thing?" 　　6 ) 引语法 　　"Just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and can't be retained." From Vinci's words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning. 　　7 ) 调查法 　　为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题，如下面 "Is Stress a Bad Thing?" 的 1 )和 "Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?" 的 4 )。 8 ) 假设法 　　假设法是指通过假设提出一种选择，交代文章要涉及的问题，从而提出文章的主题。 　　Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? … 　　9 ) 综合法 　　具体写作时，同学们没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法总和起来。 　　首段示例 1 ： 　　题目： Is Stress a Bad Thing? 　　提纲： 　　1 )有人害怕压力 　　2 ) 有人认为压力并不是一件坏事 　　3 ) 我的看法 　　" I can't stand the pressure and competition," explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his own reasons, but I don't think his decision is wise in reality. 　　It is true that my friend's case is not unique. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive at the cost of a comfortable, easy life a highly-paid job can obtain. They are afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically and mentally. In fact, however, stress isn't the bad thing it is often supposed to be. Unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless, idle life. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth - the very aim of a human life. 　　Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it. 　　就这一标题而言，根据所提示的提纲，首段的写作还可以采用下列方式： 　　1) According to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs. Although they may have their own respective reasons, I don't think their decision is wise in reality. 2) Which job do you prefer, a highly-paid but very competitive position or a poorly-paid but also less demanding job? You may choose the latter and have your own reasons, but I don't think this choice is wise enough whatever reasons. 　　3) Faced with a hard and demanding task, people's attitude varies widely: some try to avoid it and others regard it as a challenge to their abilities. In fact the choice we make between "flight" or "fight make the difference between leaders and mediocrities( 平庸之辈 ). 　　首段示例 2 ： 　　标题： Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet? 　　提纲： 1 )随着科技的发展，网络越来越普及; 　　2 )网络有其优点但也有缺点; 　　3 )我的观点 　　根据上面的提示，首段可有下列几种方式： 　　1) Nowadays, using the Internet has become a fashion. Many parents begin to teach their children to use the Internet. However, there are diverse opinions on this. Some think it wise, but I don't agree with them. 　　2) Today, the Internet is becoming more and more common. It begins to play a more and more important role in our society and life. It's so useful that most adults are learning how to use it. What about children? Of course they can start using it. 　　3) Today, with the development of science and technology, the Internet is beginning to play a more and more important role in our life. More and more people are starting to use the Internet, including schoolchildren. However, I think schoolchildren are too young to start using the Internet. 　　4) According to a recent survey, Internet users are becoming younger and younger, and Internet bars have become a resort for schoolchildren who log in to chat or play games. Faced with this phenomenon, many people argue for measures to prevent schoolchildren from using the Internet, and I think they have their reasons. 　　2 . 结论段的写作 　　结论一般采用归纳概括、主题重述或提建议等方式。 　　常见的方式有： 　　1 ) 重述或总结主题 　　重述主题指于结论处以另外一种表达方式重申主题，与首段照应。 　　Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life. 2 ) 提出建议 　　Since postcards do us more harm and good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards. 　　3 ) 概括总结 　　As we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and needn't invest too much money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city. 　　4 ) 引用名人名言 　　In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said "Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability." 　　5) 综合法 　　与首段一样，结论段也可以是多种方法的综合。一般说来，总结加建议的比较多。 　　尾段示例 1 ： 　　如 " 网络 " 的结论段可以如下所示： 　　10 ) As we all know, the next century will become one of the Internet. Internet will become more and more important in both our daily life and our work. So I suggest that schoolchildren should start using the Internet. 　　11 ) So I think schoolchildren not only can start using the Internet, but also should start using it They are sure to benefit a lot from the internet. 　　12 ) Internet can help our children know the world, get useful information and enrich their knowledge. So I think schoolchildren can start using the Internet. 　　13 ) In a word (In conclusion/ In summary/ To sum up / In short), the Internet is playing a more and more important role in our life and it is helpful for children's growth both physically and mentally. It is better for them to start using the Internet as early as possible. 　　3 .转承语的使用 　　根据不同的段落要求，选择适当的转承语 　　1) 比较对照 　　比较： like A, B … 　　Just as A, B … 　　A, similarly/correspondingly, likewise/in the same way, B … 　　对照： Unlike/ Contrary to/ As opposed to A, B … A , however/on the other hand/in contrast, B .. 　　A … , B, however/on the other hand/in contrast, … 　　2) 列举 　　First/ Second (Next) / Third (Then)/ Last (Finally), … 　　The fist/ The second/ The third/ The last (The final) 　　Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly/Last(Finally) 　　One/Another/Still another/The last 　　The most essential/most important/primary/chief is … 　　3) 因果 　　as a result, consequently, therefore, hence, so, because of this, for these reasons, due to the fact that 　　4 起承转合常用语 　　1 ) " 起 " 的常用语 　　When asked about/ When it comes to/ Faced with … , some people 　　claim/think/argue/believe that … , but/while others … (differently) 　　Nowadays there is much/general discussion as to … . 　　With the development/improvement/growth of …, 　　Now, it is commonly/widely/increasingly believed/thought/held/acknowledge that …, 　　According to a recent survey/investigation/poll, … 　　Have you ever thought/wondered …? 　　Suppose … 　　As the saying goes, … 　　2) " 承 " 的常用语 Those who hold … . 　　It is true that … 　　To be sure .. 　　First/Firstly … 　　The main/leading/underlying/root/ primary/chief/essential …. 　　" 承接上文 " 的方式与文章的段落结构有关，比较的与列举的不同，与举例的也不同。同学们应根据具体的情况选择适当的承接语。 　　3 ) " 转 " 的常用语 　　It sounds like a good(attractive) idea (suggestion), but they fail to understand (see, notice 　　There is probably an element of truth in the arguments (ideas), but they ignore a more important (basic) fact … 　　Closer examination (analysis), however, suggests (shows) that this argument (claim, idea) may not be borne of (supported) by the following evidence (facts, examples, statistics). 　　Close (careful) examination (analysis) of these arguments (ideas, suggestions), however, would reveal (suggest, prove) how flimsy ( 不足信的，不严密 )(fallacious (靠不住的) , groundless (没有根据的) ) they are. 　　However logical (sound, forcible( 有说服力 )) these arguments may be, they don't make sense (only skim the surface of the problem) when … is viewed the other way (taken into consideration). 　　As opposed to (Contrary to) the widely (commonly, generally) held idea (belief, view), new studies (facts) challenge (fail to justify) the opinion (view). 　　Good/Superior/Wonderful as … ., it has its own disadvantages/ it brings its own problems. 　　They may be right about … , but they seem to neglect /fail to mention/take into account … 　　In all the discussion and debate over …, one important/basic fact is ignored/overlooked/neglected. 　　It is true that/ Admittedly, but it is unlikely/doesn't follow/doesn't mean that … 　　There is an element of truth in these arguments/statements, but they ignore a deeper and more basic/essential/important fact/factor … 　　In many cases, however, … 　　As far as .. is concerned, … 　　4) " 合 " 的常用语 　　Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/ indicate that … 　　From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely draw/reach/come to/arrive/ the conclusion that … 　　In conclusion/To sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude …. 　　It is important/necessary/essential that effective/proper/powerful actions/measure/remedies should be taken to … 三、四六级作文的谋篇布局 　　谋篇布局 (1) 　　- 将提示的第一句作为文章的第一句 　　- 将提示的第三句作为第一段的最后一句 　　- 将提示的第二句展开成文章的中心段落 　　- 结论段归纳概括，提出建议。 　　例证 　　标题： City Life and Suburban Life 　　提纲： 1) 最近几年越来越多的人迁往近郊居住 　　2)城市生活和近郊生活各有特点 　　3) 比较起来，我喜欢的是…… 　　In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities. Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs. 　　It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason why people can't bear to part with city life. But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high. What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city, which is full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and taxies, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings --- the essentials of a healthy life. Although living in the suburbs one may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, it means nearly nothing when thinking of the high cost and heavily polluted environment of the city. 　　The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities; and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life. 　　谋篇布局( 2 ) 　　- 根据话题加引段，于段尾提出自己的观点(也就是提示中的第三句要求内容) 　　- 将提示的第一句和第二句写成文章的中心段落 - 根据文章的叙述重点，总结全文，提出方法等。 　　例证 　　标题： My View on College Students' Part-time Jobs 　　提纲： 1 )有人认为大学生做兼职工作很有好处; 　　2 )然而，有人认为大学生做兼职工作弊多利少; 　　3 )我的看法 　　Nowadays, an increasing number of college students are doing part-time jobs. People hold different opinions on that. 　　Some people think that there are many advantages for college students to have part-time jobs. Firstly, part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities. Secondly, it enables them to be more independent of their family and builds up their self-confidence. Thirdly, part-time experiences may be of great help to their future careers. Finally, part-time jobs can broaden their college lives and help them know more of themselves and society. 　　However, some other people hold that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages. The main job of college students is to study, not to work. If they have part-time jobs, they may have to reduce their time for sleep, rest, study and activities. Working several hours a day consumes a lot of time and energy and may affect their studies. As a result, they may find it hard to adjust to what the college expects of them as well as their employers expect, and finally, they may fall behind or fail in their studies. 　　In my opinion, students can choose to take up a part-time job according to their own situation. The most important thing for them is to keep a good balance between part-time jobs and his study. 　　谋篇布局( 3 ) 　　- 将提示的第一句和第二句合为第一段，于段尾提出自己的观点; 　　- 说明自己的理由; 　　- 结论段总结全文 　　例文 　　标题： How to Achieve Success 　　提纲： 1 )有人说成功主要靠运气; 　　2 )有人则认为成功主要靠勤奋，与运气毫无关系 ; 　　3 )我的观点 　　Some people say the key to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. As far as I am concerned, there are many factors contributing to success and the three fundamental ones are diligence, devotion and perseverance. 　　Diligence is the first key factor to success. Diligence helps us remove ignorance, overcome difficulties, and enlighten our minds. It makes a fool wise, and a poor man rich. Devotion is another factor to success. Whatever we do, we must love it and do it whole-heartedly. Only when we set our minds on the job, can we do it well. Furthermore, perseverance, or a strong will, is the last key to success. Without a strong will, we are likely to give up when we meet some difficulties, let alone perform wonderful deeds. To conclude, all great men achieve success through diligence, devotion and perseverance. Just as the famous saying goes, "No pains, no gains", "Where there is a will, there is a way." 　　谋篇布局( 4 ) 　　将提示中的第一句做为第一段主题句，然后拓展开 　　将提示的第二句做为第二段的主题句，拓展说明 　　将提示的第三句拓展成第三段，但注意与上面两段的照应，使其有总揽全文的作用 　　例文 　　标题： On Housing Reform 　　提示： 1 )旧房屋政策的弊端; 　　2 )房改带来的好处; 　　3 )我怎么办? 　　The old house-allotting policy had at least two disadvantages. First, the government spent a lot of money building some houses, but these houses were allotted to people free of charge. Thus, the government would have no money to build more houses for people who badly needed them. Second, the persons who were in power could get more houses than those who were powerless. This was quite unfair. 　　On the contrary, the new system of house allotment may bring about many new things. For example, the government will have more money which can be used in house construction. So, the housing industry can develop more quickly. Besides, because houses will be sold to people, the chances they get will be equal. 　　When I enter the society, I would get a loan from the bank to buy my own house. Then, I would try to pay back the loan in the shortest time possible. After that, I would proudly claim: "Now, I am the master of that house." 　　谋篇布局( 5 ) 　　将提示中的第一句作为文章的第一段，并提主题; 举例说明自己的观点; 　　结论重述主题 　　例文 　　标题： On Punctuality 　　提示： 　　1 ) 准时在现代生活中仍然很重要; 　　2 ) 试举例说明 　　In our modern life, punctuality is one of the most important qualities that any person should possess. Punctuality demonstrates that you are reliable and can be trusted with responsibilities. Besides, it can make a person a good man. And if you are not punctual, you may injure others. 　　We should