英语专业__高级英语_第一册课后练习答案

Lesson 1The Middle Eastern Bazaar Lesson 1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar I． 　 1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt． 　 2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper— smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy． 　 3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar． 　 4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit. 　 5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene. II . 　 1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another 　 2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market. 　 3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price. 　 4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount. 　 5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear. Ⅲ. See the translation of text. IV. 　 1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord 　 2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight 　 3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway 　 4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware 　 5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour 　 6)v. +adv..pullover, buildup V. 　 1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng. 　 2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily. 　 3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin． 　 4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future． 　 5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it． (adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast． 　 6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries． 　 7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs? Ⅵ． 　 1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc． 　 2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc． 　 3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc． Ⅶ． 　 1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光， 强调光的强度。 　 2)din指连续不断的噪音，听了很使人心烦意乱；sound指人们感觉到的各种各样的声音，包括高亢的，轻柔的，悦耳的，难听的；noise指所有强烈的、混乱的或令人不快的sounds。 　 3)quiet或silent指没有声音；而 音被压低或吸收而已。muted则指有声音，只不过声 　 4)display指陈列(物品)，让人看得见；exhibition指展示(物品)，以引人注意、观看。 　 5)distinct指声音十分清晰，让人一听就知道与别的声音不一样；clear指某物丝毫也不混乱、含糊或模糊不清，因而也就易于理解或领悟。 　 6)huge指体积大，比large更具体。 　 7)varied不同于different，它强调的是充满变化，有多种形式或种类繁多。 　 8)exotic不仅指很奇怪，而且指外来的，本地没有的。strange 的“奇怪”内涵是：生疏、异样、不自然、费解等。 　 9)sunlit一词更为具体，指因为阳光照耀而明亮；bright则强调光的强度。 　 lO)massive不仅指大，而且指重，给人的印象深。 　 11)constantly强调稳定，始终如一；endlessly则强调没完没了，单一，乏味。 　 12)old意指旧的、老的或古老的；used不一定就是陈旧的，它的意思是因已用过而不再新了。 Ⅷ． 　 1)buyers 　　 2)sharp，strong 　　3)dismal，gloomy，solemn 　　4)declaring，insisting 　　5)strike 　　6)abundance，plenty 　　7)rich and costly 　　8)goods 　　9)mixing Ⅸ． 　 1)There is the cloth—market，with its profusion of rich colour． 　 2)There is the coppersmiths’market，where you can hear the sounds of tinkling，banging and clashing． 　 3)There is the carpet—market，where you can find varied textures and regional designs． 　 4)There is the spice—market，with its pungent and exoti’c smells． 　 5)There is the food—market，with everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner． 　 6) There is a sunlit courtyard, with flowers blooming and birds chirping. X． 　 1)A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods. 　 2)At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. 　 3)I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry. 　 4)The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs. 　 5)Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see. 　 6)They decided to buy that house with. a garage attached. 　 7)The teachers make a point of being strict with the students. 　 8)This little girl is very much attached to her father. 　 9)To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learning from the advanced science and technology of other countries. 　 10)As dusk fell, daylight faded away. 　 11)The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit. 　 12)Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner. XI. 　 bazaar, veiled women, copper vessels, carpets, spice, mosque, camels, caravanserai, desert, etc. XlI. Omitted. XIII. 　 1)As I go deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and I come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, reduces the sound of footsteps, and I can hear no sound being echoed. The shop-keepers speak in slow, controlled tones, and the; customers talk in the same way. 　 The copper-smiths' market is easily traced by the noise coming from it．As I approach it，a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to strike my ear. The noise is so deafening that 1 have to leave as quickly as I can. I can hardly imagine how those copper—smiths and their apprentices can bear to live in all that noise． Lesson 2 Hiroshima---the “Liveliest City in Japan” I . 　 1)The writer must be an American journalist or reporter.2)The aim of the visit, I think, was to gather information about Hiroshima today.3)A lot of sad thoughts were on his mind. There were other visitors from abroad who didn't share his views. The first paragraph shows this to us clearly.4)He felt a sense of guilt. 　 5)The Japanese were not preoccupied with the same thought as the writer was. 　 6)Hiroshima was different from other Japanese cities in that it was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945. 　 7)Since then, it has been rebuilt with hard work and with the help of education, science and technology. 　 8)One is an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional customs. Another is that the impact of the 1945 bomb attack is still felt or seen till now. 　 9)Because he thought it was unnecessary to do so since the answers were obvious after his talk with the patients. 　 10)The answer was the Hiroshima was not the liveliest city in Japan. Ⅱ . 　 1)They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them. 　 2)As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door. 　 3)The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development. 　 4)1 suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only. 　 5)The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was． 　 6)After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude． 　 7)1 was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant．His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking． 　 8)I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me． Ⅲ．See the translation of the text． Ⅳ． 　 1)n．+present participle：epoch—making，face—keeping，time consuming，nerve—wracking 　 2)n．+past participle：home—made，bedridden，sun—burnt， heartfelt 　 3)n．+adj．：pitch—dark，headstrong，duty—free，coal—black 　 4)n．+n．+-ed：lion-hearted，iron-fisted，wall—eyed，brick—walled 　 5)adj．+n．+-ed：stiff-necked，highminded，dull—witted，warm—blooded，empty—headed，cold—blooded 　 6)adj．+present participle：high—sounding，hard—working, plain-sailing，far—reaching 　 7)adj．+past participle：high—flown，new-born，finespun, high—strung Ⅴ． 　 1)was指事实如此；而must be意为“很可能”。 　 2)“Was I at the scene…?”表示不能断定是不是在那里，而 “Was I not at the scene…?”表示肯定是在那里，有“难倒……不是”的意思。 　 3)elderly意为“上了年纪的”，但不算太老。 　 4)grin指露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；。mile一词最常用，指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。 　 5)sketch指很快地勾画出轮廓。 　 6)careful指认真、周全，小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微，以防失败或危险。 　 7)site大多指一块地方，可大可小；它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(a building site)，也可能指发生某事的地方或场所，如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(site of the first atomic bombardment)。spot所指地点较小。 　 8)demolish意义比较实在，指彻底拆除，而destroy仅指破坏。 　 9)gay意为轻松愉快，兴致高。delightful指有魅力，心情好。 　 lO)gaze指目不转睛地长久地注视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往出于吃惊、羡慕等。 Ⅵ． 　 1)job，task，duty 　　2)unaware 　　3)fronts，by the front doors 　　4)striking/fascinating/strange / sight；continual，endless， constant 　　 5)sudden，sharp feeling；idea，thought，expectation 　　 6)killed，murdered 　　7)pain，torture 　　8)fame 　　9)daydream，thoughts 　　1O)atomic disaster 　　11)tear down， pull down 　　12)meet with，face Ⅶ． 　 1)他刚才所讲的与讨论的问无关。 　 2)战场旧址使他回想起那战火纷飞的抗战岁月。 　 3)他专心致志地工作，完全没有理会周围正在发生的事。 　 4)记者们看到诺贝尔奖获得者时感到很兴奋。 　 5)——老师用了个什么字?我没太听清楚。 ——我也没听清楚，很像是preoccupation。 　 6)又拐了一个弯，我们来到了一个可容几百人的大岩洞。 　 7)人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后都惊得目瞪口呆。 　 8)铁水倒人混铁炉有如把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯。 　 9)手术的失败使年青的外科大夫心情沉重。 　 10)将军常到兵营里去，和普通战士们在一起。 Ⅶ． 　 1)soil 　　2)soil　　 3)earth 　　4)earth 　　5)familiar to 　　6)familiar with 　　7)puzzled 　　8)surprising 　　9)admits 　　10)had confessed 　　11)careful 　　12)cautiously Ⅸ． 　 1)There is not a soul in the hall．The meeting must have been put off． 　 2)The book looks very much like a box. (The book looks much the same as a box. ) 　 3)Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect. It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other. 　 4)The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle. 　 5)He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about. 　 6)What he did had nothing to do with her. 　 7)She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind. 　 8)I have had the matter on my mind for a long time. 　 9)He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchange opinions with them on various subjects. 　 10)It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in. 　 11)The soil smells of fresh grass. 　 12)Could you spare me a few minutes? 　 13)Could you spare me a ticket? 　 14)That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade. X. Omitted. XI. 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　My Visit to the European Town 　 One autumn, my friends and I went to Wuxi on vacation. We decided to visit the European Town first. It is a park located on the side of Tai Lake. Many European scenic spots are built smaller there and a lot of tourists go there for sightseeing everyday. Because they may never have the chance to see the real ones, they pay to see these imitations. 　 We arrived at the town late in the morning. It began to drizzle as we stepped inside. But the rain didn't decrease our plea-sure because it was more romantic than in the sunlight. I was deeply impressed by the scenery there. The number of European 31style buildings was beyond my imagination. We saw Triumphal Arch and Eiffel Tower of Paris, the Windmills of Holland and many others. Here and there, people were taking pictures. In an excited mood, we strolled to each building. We also took a lot of photos there. I liked the one taken in front of Triumphal Arch most. It was so real that you might think I had been to Paris. 　 We spent the rest of the day there. It was really an unforgetable experience for me. Lesson 3 Ships in the Desert I. 　 1)The writer went to the Aral Sea to search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis. What he saw there was hot dry sand. 　 2)It was the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier. 　 3)Scientists were monitoring the air several times a day to chart the course of the climate change. 　 4)Because the polar cap plays a crucial role in the world's weather system, the thinning of the polar cap might cause flood in many places of the world. 　 5)There are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America. The destruction of the Amazon rain forest will mean silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard. 　 6)The writer calls noctilucent clouds"ghosts in the sky". As a result of pollution, the clouds occasionally appear when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness. And they appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. 　 7)Because we are not yet awakened to take effective measures to deal with the climate change. 　 8)Carbon dioxide's ability to trap heat in the atmosphere causes global warming. Because global warming seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pat- tern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean cur- rents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies. 　 9)The two key factors are human population and the scientific and technological development. The dramatic changes that have occurred in these two factors are a sudden and startling surge in human population and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution. 　 10)The writer's solution to our ecological problems is to reinvent and finally heal the relationship between human beings and the earth by carrying out a careful reassessment of all the {actors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. Ⅱ. 　 1)It was not at all possible to catch a large amount of fish. 　 2)Following the layers of ice in the core sample, his finger came to the place where the layer of ice was formed 2050 years ago. 　 3)keeps its engines running for fear that if he stops them, the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again 　 4)Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughtered and the beef can be used in ham- burgers. 　 5)Since miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists, thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will become extinct. 　 6)Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of practice in conjecture (speculation), it has got practical Value. 　 7) We are using and destroying resources in such a huge amount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness. 　 8) Or have we been so accustomed to the bright electric lights that we fail to understand the threatening implication of these clouds. 　 9)To put forword the question in a different way 　 10)and greatly affect the living places and activities of human societies 　 ll)We seem unaware that the earth's natural systems are delicate. 　 12)And this continuing revolution has also suddenly developed at a speed that doubled and tripled the original speed. Ⅲ. See the translation of the text. IV. 　 1)transportation, imitation, destruction 　 2)encirclement, enrichment, enlightenment 　 3)postage, coinage, advantage 　 4)sharpness, boldness, smoothness 　 5)admission, concession, depression 　 6)productivity, sensitivity, desirability 　 7)posture, departure, indenture 　 8)independence, prudence, impudence 　 9)flagrancy, consistency, potency 　 10)analysis, metabasis, metamorphosis 　 ll)dictatorship, ownership, partnership 　 12)depth, length, birth V. 　 1)technology 技术 　　　　 2)ecology 生态学 　 3)hydrology 水文学 　　　　4)phrenology 颅像学 　 5)neurology 神经病学 　　　　6)pathology 病理学 　 7)physiology生理学 　　　　8)pharmacology药理学 　 9)gynaecology妇科学 　　　　lO)oceanology海洋学 　 11)lexicology词汇学 　　　　 12)archaeology考古学 　 13)anthropology人类学 　　　　14)criminology犯罪学 Ⅵ． 　 1)anarchist无政府主义者 　 2)naturalist自然主义者 　 3)biologist生物学家 　 4)psychologist心理学家 　 5)satirist讽刺作家 　 6)encyclopaedist百科全编纂者 　 7)geologist地质学家 　 8)sociologist社会学家 　 9)zoologist动物学家 　 lO)impressionist印象派艺术家 　 l1)environmentalist环境保护论者 　 12)terrorist恐怖主义分子 Ⅶ． 　 1)submarine潜水艇 　 2)submerge淹没，潜入水中 　 3)subantartic亚南极的 　 4)subsolar在太阳正下面的，赤道的 　 5)subhead小标题 　 6)subaquatic半水栖的 　 7)subdivide把……再分 　 8)suboxide低氧化物 　 9)subclass亚纲 　 lO) subclimax亚顶极群落 　 l1)subcommittee小组委员会 　 12)subconscious下意识的 　 13)subcontinent次大陆 　 14)subcontract转包合同 　 15)subculture亚文化群 　 16)subspecies亚种 　 17)subsoil 底土 　 18)sublethal ( 毒药的量等 ) 尚不致命的 Ⅷ. 　 inland sea, desert, core sample, glacier, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, polar ice cap, global warming, Amazon rain forest, species of birds, ecological balance, noctilucent cloud, methane gas, natural gas, landfills, coal mines, rice paddies, termites, biomass, upper atmosphere, elephants, greenhouse gases, water vapor, growing mountains of waste, acid rain, chlorine, human activities, heat-absorbing molecules, global climate equilibrium, winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, sea level, vegetative and animal life, etc. IX. 　1)basic examples 　　2)unalterable 　　3)meeting 　　4)characterized strike against each other 　　 5)set up 　　6)see, attack 　　7)at the same time 　　8)balance 　　9)increasing, existence 　　10)task 　　ll)out-of-date X. 　1)consequences 　　 2)results 　　3)results 　　4)outcome 　　5)results, 　　6)outcome 　　7)causes 　　8)causes 　　9)reason 　　10)reason 　　ll)relations 　　12)relationship 　　13) relations 　14)relationship 　　15)complex 　　16)complex 　　17)complicated 　　18)complex 　　19)simple 　　20)simplistic XI. 　1)with 　　2)of 　　 3)on 　　4)of 　　5)in 　　6)in 　　7)against 　　 8)than 　　　9)of 　　lO)as 　　ll)as 　　12)with 　　13)of 　　14)of 　　　15)for 　　16)of XII. 　 relationship, environment, garbage, what, endless, allow, that, dumping, dispose, drown, having, old, mind, running, waste, it, sight 11 recent, debates, disposal, ocean, elsewhere, confront, capacity, of, quantities, only, change, reduce, we, used, interdependent, chosen, unless, dramatically, thinking, humankind, inherit XIII. Omitted. XIV. 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　We Must Protect Our Ecological System 　 With the development of human civilization, man has created countless wonders, but at what a price! Our ecological sys-tem, on which all animals' existence depends, has been seriously damaged and is still being threatened. The earth's temperature is getting higher, more and more forests are being felled, large numbers of animals are facing extinction, and deserts are expanding at an incredible rate. 　 The causes for the worsening ecological system are manifold. Perhaps two of the major problems lie in people's pursuit of short-term interests with little attention to long-term interest sand their pursuit of individual interests rather than collective interests. In the first case, many lakes are filled to grow crops or even build houses; trees are cut down, only bare mountains stand cold in the wind and are capable of holding no water when it rains. In the second case, scenic spots become dirty and deserted because of newly established nearby factories producing waste water and air; industrial countries invest heavily in chemical factories in the Third World nations, keeping their own land relatively clean. 　 To solve the problems mentioned above, we should try our best to balance short-term interests with long-term ones by making long-term plans and taking as many things as possible into consideration. We're living today and are still to live tomorrow we and our posterity both have to li