冠词的用法

冠词的用法 一.冠词的种类: 1. 定冠词: the 2. 不定冠词: a / an 当紧跟不定冠词之后的单词是辅音发音开头时,不定冠词应该用a, 当紧跟不定冠词之后的单词是元音发音开头时,不定冠词应该用 an.。 a + [辅音……] a wallet, a European country an + [元音 …… ] an hour, an 8-year-old boy 一般说来,冠词应放在名词或名词词组的最前面. a matter, an easy problem, a necessary action, the world, the old stone bridge, 注意:在以下六种词中,只能使用其中的一种词修饰名词: 冠词、指示代词(如:this, that, these, those)、形容词性物主代词(如:my, your, his, her等)名词所有格(如:Tom’s, the Smiths)、不定代词(如:every, each, any)以及疑问代词(如:which, what). 1. 我的一位朋友 (不能说: my a friend) a friend of mine 或 one of my friends 2.你的这两位老师 (不能说:your the two teachers) the two teachers of yours 3.哪一把伞是你的? (不能说:Which an umbrella is yours?) Which umbrella is yours? 4. 一辆这种自行车 (不能说:a this kind of bike) a bike of this kind 5.每隔几天一次 (不能说:once every a few days) once every few days 三.冠词的用法 1.a / an 表示数量 “一”,但不强调数量 “一”.如果强调数量“一”,应该用one.请比较: I have a brother. (想告诉别人: “我”有兄弟,虽然提到了 “一个”,但想强调的是 “我”不是独生子女,或想强调的是 “我”不是有姐妹.) I have only one brother. (想告诉别人: “我”并没有两个、三个兄弟.) 2.不表示数量 “一”,而是表示类别,可以在单数可数名词前加a /an. A horse runs faster than an elephant. 注意:也可以在单数可数名词前加the或在复数可数名词前不加 任何冠词表示类别.不可数名词表示类别时不加任何冠词. 例如: The horse runs faster than the elephant. Horses run faster than elephants. One can not live without air or water. 3.对于说话者特指但听话者还不知的单数可数名词(人或物),第一 次提到时,前面经常加a / an;再次提到才加the,这时,说话者和听话者都知道是特指哪一个人或物. At a science museum in Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. Last year I was lucky enough to have a chance to visit the museum. I bought a computer 3 years ago, but I have sold the computer (=it) already. 4.在形容词、现在分词或过去分词前加the可以表示一类人或物,且表示复数. the poor, the sick, the following, the wounded, the English, the French 5.在最高级副词前可以加the,也可以不加the;在最高级形容词前 一般要加the; 但是, 如果不表示 “最”, 而是表示“非常”, 则应 在最高级形容词前加 a / an, She sings (the) most beautifully in our school. Xiamen is the most beautiful city in Fujian Province. Xiamen is a most (=very) beautiful city. 6.在序数词前一般要加the表示顺序;但如果表示数量的增加,表示“又一…”,相当于 “another”的意思,则要在序数词前加 a / an. This is the second time that I have seen the film. I’ve had two cakes, but I’d like a third (=another) one. 7.提到了“演奏”的乐器前和提到了“发明”的物名前要加 the. She often practises playing the piano after supper. (比较:There is a piano near the window of the living room.) ---What do you think was the most useful invention in the 20th century? ---The cell phone, I think. Who invented the cell phone? (比较:Do you own a telephone?) 8.在世界上独一无二的名词和含有普通名词的专有名词前要加the. the world, the moon (比较:Sitting down in front of their computers, they leave a familiar world and enter a place where things act instrange ways.) the United States of America, the Great Wall (比较:America, China, New York) 9.在和介词by连用的表示时间、长度、重量的名词前加the, 表示“按……计算”. by the month, by the yard, by the dozen, by the gallon 注意:在和介词by连用的weight, length前不加the.例如: These cigarettes are sold by weight. Cloth is often sold by length. 10.在姓氏的复数前加the,表示全家人或该夫妇两人. the Whites, the Smiths, the Wangs 11.在比较级形容词前加the,可以表示两者中“比较……些的那个……”或 “ 越……, 就越……”. the taller of the two boys the more expensive of the coats The farther away from the earth we are, the thinner the air becomes. 12.在表示江河、湖泊、山脉、海洋、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前加the. the River Nile, the West Lake, the Ural Mountains (the Urals), the Pacific Ocean, the English Channel 13.在一些固定词组中要用the. in the morning, in the hope of, with the help of, out of the question (不可能) 14.在一些固定词组中要用a / an. have a rest, have a break, take a walk, have a look, in a moment, in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hour 四.不用冠词的几种情况. 1.指球类运动前, 以及在和介词by连用的交通工具与通讯方式前不用冠词. He seldom plays football on Sunday morning. They came to Shanghai by ship (water, plane, air, train). We informed him by telegram that we would arrive early inthe morning. 注意:如果交通工具名词或通讯方式名词用了复数形式或前面有了修饰语,就不能使用介词by,而要用in, on.例如: We can go there on bikes. Instead of writing to her mother, she likes talking to her on the telephone. 2.在 go to之后加地点名词,表示去从事某项活动,不用冠词;和介词in连用,表示在从事某项活动,也不用冠词. go to school / in school go to hospital / in hospital go to class / in class go to bed / in bed 注意:在以上词组中如果使用冠词,则表示到某个地点去或在某个地点.例如: I’m going to the hospital to tell Dr. Li something important. ---Where is your father? ---He is in the school. 3.在三餐饭前或在四个季节前不加冠词. Sometimes, she has lunch at school. When autumn comes, leaves turn yellow. 注意:如果在三餐饭、四个季节的前面或后面有修饰语,则应加冠词.例如: In the autumn of 1949, our hometown was liberated. In a cold winter, he left his hometown for Shanghai. We had a good supper at her home. 4.作表语,同位语,宾语补足语或主语补足语的职务头衔名词前不加冠词.例如: They elected Bush President of the USA. Jack, head of our workshop, didn’t agree with us. Who is chairman of the meeting? 5.在表示地名、人名、抽象名词和物质名词前不加冠词;在称呼前也不加冠词.例如: London, Shakespear, importance, sand Hi, little friend! Good morning, boys and girls! 但以下情况要加冠词. It’s a pleasure.(指一件令人快乐的事情) The water in this well is very dirty. (特指) Our journey by camel was quite an experience. (转义) 6.在节假日前不加冠词.例如: Christmas Day, Women’s Day 注意:在“春节”和“中秋节”之前要加the. 例如: the Spring Festival, the Mid-autumn Day 7.在一些固定词组或固定句型中不用冠词.例如: out of question (不成问) in time (按时) in turn (轮流) at midnight / at daybreak /at dawn/at sunrise Child as he is, he is very brave. (虽然他是个孩子, 但是他很勇敢.) It is time that we started out. (我们现在该出发了.) 8．特别要注意： (1)用定冠词与不定冠词的区别，如：the second student(第二个学生)--a second student(又一个学生)；the most interesting book(最有趣的)--a most interesting book (一本非常有趣的书)；the world(世界)--a better world(一个更好的世界)；play the piano(弹钢琴)一buy a piano(买一台钢琴)。 (2)用零冠词与不定冠词的区别，如：Mr Li(李先生)--a Mr Li(一个自称姓李的先生)；have lunch(吃中餐)--have a rich lunch(吃一顿丰盛的中餐)；wind(风)一a strong wind(一阵大风)；play basketball(打篮球)--buy a basketball(买一个篮球)；New York(纽约)一a New York in China(在中国的纽约)；have words with sb(与某人争吵)--have a word with sb(与某人谈话)；help(帮助)／success(成功)／experience(经验)--a help(帮手)／a success(成功的人或事)／an experience(一次经历)。 (3)用零冠词与定冠词的区别，如：Shanghai(上海)--the Shanghai you see today(你今天所见的上海)；history(历史)--the history of Qing Dynasty(清朝历史)；in bed(躺在床上)--on the bed(在床上)；in hospital(住院)--in the hospital(在医院)；in front of(在……前面)--in the front of(在……前部)；at most=at the most(至多)；at least=at the least(至少)。 回放 真题l(2004甘肃、青海卷35) --John，there is ________Mr Wilson on the phone for you． --I’m in（ ) bath． A．a；the B．the；a C．a；不填 D. the；不填 【答案及解析】A不定冠词修饰人名时，表示初次提到一个人，或者说话者认为没有必要或不想具体说明是哪一个。根据谈话的内容，所说的bath(澡堂，浴室)显然是说话双方都知道的，故前面须加定冠词，因此答案选A。 真题2(2004重庆卷32) The most important thing about cotton in history is ________part that it played in ________Industrial Revolution． A．不填；不填 B．the；不填 C．the；the D．a；the 【答案及解析】C part意指作用。特指工业革命时期所起的作用应加the，由普通名词构成的专有名词前用the。因此c为正确答案。 真题3(2004广东卷28) While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope．Newton made discover which completely changed ________man’s understanding of colour． A．a；不填 B．a；the C．不填；the D．the；a 【答案及解析】A根据的意思，牛顿的一次发现，是泛指，应用不定冠词；而人类的观念，不是某一个人，故在man前不能用冠词，答案选A。 真题4(2004福建卷23) It’s ________world of wonders，________world where anything can happen． A. a；the B. a；a C．the；a D．不填；不填 【答案及解析】B 世界上独一无二的事物前一般用定冠词，但当此名词带有定语修饰时，前面应用不定冠词，故答案选B。 真题5(2004湖北卷23) There was ________time ________I hated to go to schoo1. A. a；that B．a；when C．the；that D．the：when 【答案及解析】 B 根据句子的意思，并没有明确表明某一段时间，因此，这是泛指一段时间，从而排除C、D；而从句的主、谓、宾等齐全，从而可知，a time在从句中作状语，故答案选B。 真题6(2004辽宁卷31) When you finish reading the book，you will have ____ better understanding of____ life A．a；the B．the；a C．不填；the D．a：不填 【答案及解析】 D表示对某东西有所了解时，习惯在understanding前加不定冠词；而life泛指生活时，前面不用任何冠词，故答案选D。 真题7(2004浙江卷22) The Wilsons live in ________A-shaped house near the coast．It is ________17th century cottage． A．the；／ B．an；the C．／；the D．an：a 【答案及解析】D 根据house、cottage,两个空都必须填冠词，从而排除A、C；第二空后的17th century只表示房子的年代特征，而不表示具体的顺序. 真题8(2004江苏卷27) 8. Tom owns _______ larger collection of ______books than any other student in our A. the；不填 B．a；不填 C．a；the D．不填：the 【答案及解析】 B 第一空填不定冠词，a collection of是常用结构，意为：……的收集品。a+抽象名词+of，这样的短语还有：a knowledge of，a waste of，a variety of．a number of，a way of等。第二空后的名词泛指书籍，因此不用冠词。 真题9(全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]24) When you come here for your holiday next time，don’t go to ____hotel：I can find you ________bed in my flat． A. the；a B．the；不填 C．a；the D．a；不填 【答案及解析】 A 本题考查冠词用法。find sb．a bed为固定短语，意为为某人安排床铺；前面go to the hotel或go to a hotel都可以。用排除法可得出答案选A。 真题10(2004四川卷31) 10. If you buy more than ten，they knock 20 pence off ________． A. a price B．price C．the price D．prices 【答案及解析】C the price表特指买10个物品所要的价钱，故要加定冠词the。 真题11(2004天津卷24) When he left _______college，he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office. A．不填；a B．不填；the C．a；the D．the；the 【答案及解析】A当“college，school，hospital”等名词表示一种状态时，前面不能用冠词修饰；而reporter表示泛指某种身份时，前面加不定冠词。故答案选A。 真题13(2004湖南卷26) 13. For a long time they walked without saying ________word．Jim was the first to break ________silence． A．the：a B．a；the C．a；不填 D．the；不填 【答案及解析】B第一空填不定冠词，表示泛指，意思是“一句话”；第二空填定冠词，特指前面“没有说一句话而形成的沉默”。 真题14(北京春季卷28) On ________news today，there were _______reports of heavy snow in that area． A．the：the B．the；不填 C．不填；不填 D．不填；the 【答案及解析】B因news后有today修饰，特指“今天的新闻”，故用the；第二空泛指某方面的报道，并非特指，reports为复数，故其前不用冠词。 真题15(2004上海春季卷28) ． As a rule。domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid_________． A．by the hour B．by hour C．by all hour D．by hours 【答案及解析】B by为介词，意为“以……为或单位，以……计”。主要有两种表达方式：by +the+度量名词，如：by the day，by the yard；by+范畴名词．如：by time，by weight，by length。 真题16(2003全国卷26) The sign reads “In case of ________fire，break the glass and push ________red button．” A．不填：a B．不填；the C．the；the D．a；a 【答案及解析】 B fire是物质名词，其前可用零冠词或定冠词。泛指时用零冠词，特指时用定冠词。前一个空表泛指，因而用零冠词；后一个空要填定冠词，特指那个红色的按钮。译文：标志上写着“如果发生火灾，打碎玻璃并按下红色按钮”。 真题17(2003上海卷25) I earn 10 dollars ________hour as ________supermarket cashier on Saturdays． A. a；an B．the；a C．an；a D．an；the 【答案及解析】C hour以元音开头，前面加不定冠词an，an hour每小时；。表示“一个”，放在supermarket cashier前面表示类指，说明人的身份。译文：星期六我做超市出纳员每小时挣10美元。a／an的用法规则：以元音音素开头的单词前用an，以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。 真题18(2003北京春季卷24) There’s ________dictionary on ________desk by your side． A．a；the B．a；a C．the；a D．the：the 【答案及解析】 A desk后有by your side修饰表特定的，故前面要用the；there be后的名词常用非特定形式，故用a。 真题19(2003安徽春季卷23) --Where is my blue shirt? --It’s in the washing machine．You have to wear ________different one． A．any B．the C．a D．0ther 【答案及解析】 C题意只是简单地表示“需另一件衣服”，由于不知“我”共有几件衣服，排除B；other前无the，后需用复数名词，排除D；any强调“任意一个”，排除A。 真题20(2003上海春季卷23) An accident happened at _______crossroads a few metres away from _______bank． A．a；a B．不填；a C．不填；the D．the：不填 【答案及解析】 A at a crossroads表示“十字路L1”，crossroads是复数形式单数用法；bank是可数名词，不能单独使用，前要加冠词或用复数。此处是泛指．前面要用不定冠词a。 真题21(2002全国卷26) 。 Jumping out of _______airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________exciting experience． A．不填；the B．不填；an C．an；an D．the, the 【答案及解析】C airplane和experience都是可数名词，表示泛指，前要加不定冠词。译文：从一万英尺高的飞机里跳出来是一次令人激动的经历。 真题22(2002上海卷21) One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ________good knowledge of basic word formation． A．／ B．the C．a D．one 【答案及解析】C a knowledge of sth为固定短语，意思为：对某事物有一点了解。knowledge是不可数名词，当被某些修饰语修饰时，前面要加不定冠词，如：He has a very good knowledge of English．他在英语方面有丰富的知识。 其题23(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷26) I don’t like talking on ________telephone；I prefer writing____ letters． A．a；the B．the；不填 C．the；the D．a；不填 【答案及解析】B从第一空可排除A和D，因为本题意思是：“我”不喜欢在电话上(即通过电话)谈话。on the telephone通过电话，on a telephone是指在一部电话上，类似的还有-"on the radio，on the internet，on Tv等。后一个空应是泛指，不用the也不用a(因为是复数)。 真题24(2002上海春季卷22) The cakes are delicious．He’d like to have ________third one because ________second one is rather too small． A．a：a B．the；the C．a；the D．the；a 【答案及解析】 C注意序数词前面的冠词的用法：当序数词表示顺序时用定冠词the；表示再一次时使用不定冠词a(an)。从句子的意思可知，a third one表示再吃一个；the second one表示所吃的第二个。译文：蛋糕很好吃。他想再吃一个，因为第二个太小了。 真题25(2001全国卷29) The warmth of _______sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ________wool used． A．the；the B．the；不填 c．不填；the D．不填；不填 【答案及解析】 B a／an／the+可数名词单数表示类别或直接用可数名词复数表示类别(通常指物)，所以sweater前用定冠词表示类别限定；the sort of wool = the wool。 真题26(2001上海卷21) A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in ________leg． A．a B．one C．the D．his 【答案及解析】 C伤及某人某部位或拍、打、拉某人某部位要用句式wound／bite／beat／pat／take +sb+介词+the+部位。译文：子弹击中了战士，他的腿受了伤。 真题27(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷10) Mr Smith，there’s a man at ________front door who says he has ________news for you of great importance． A．the；不填 B．the；the C．不填；不填 D．不填；the 【答案及解析】 A第一空是特指；news为不可数的抽象名词，不加冠词。 真题28(2000全国卷10) Most animals have little connection with ________ animals of ________ different kind unless they kill them for food． A．the；a B．不填；a C．the；the D．不填：the 【答案及解析】B表示“某种……”时常用词组a／this／that／those +kind(s)of+名词，亦可用名词复数+0f+…kind(s)，两个animals都是表泛指的名词复数，故都不带冠词。of a kind同一类的；of a different kind另一类的，都属固定结构。译文：大部分的动物中，一个种群与其他种群之间是没有什么联系的，除非是捕杀它们作为食物。