KET词汇

Updated June 2009 KET Vocabulary List © UCLES 2009 VOCABULARY LIST Key English Test (KET) Key English Test for Schools (KETfS) Introduction to the KET Vocabulary List The KET Vocabulary List gives teachers a guide to the vocabulary needed when preparing students for the KET and KET for Schools examinations. Background to the List The KET Vocabulary List was originally developed by Cambridge ESOL in consultation with external consultants to guide item writers who produce materials for the KET examination. It includes vocabulary from the Council of Europe’s Waystage (1990) specification and other vocabulary which has been shown by corpus evidence to be high-frequency. The list covers vocabulary appropriate to this level of English and includes receptive vocabulary (words that the candidate is expected to understand but which is not the focus of a question), and productive vocabulary (words that the candidate needs to know in order to answer a question). The list does not provide an exhaustive list of all words which appear on the KET and KET for Schools question papers and candidates should not confine their study of vocabulary to the list alone. How the List is Updated The vocabulary of English changes over time, with words being added and other words falling into disuse. In order to maintain its currency, the list is updated on an annual basis by the addition and removal of words, using a corpus-based approach. Suggested additions to the wordlist are collated and the frequency of these words is obtained by reference to established corpora (electronic databases). The corpora in question represent receptive and productive language in general contexts. The main corpora used for the validation of the KET Vocabulary List are:  the Cambridge Learner Corpus (CLC) which includes over 20 million words of written learner English;  the British National Corpus (BNC) which includes 100 million words of written and spoken native speaker data. Organisation of the List  Word sets Some categories of words a learner at this level might be expected to know are not included in the alphabetical list but are listed separately. Words formed with common affixes, some compounds and words from some common word sets, e.g. days of the week are described below and in Appendix 1. Although some ‘grammar words’ (pronouns, modals, etc.) are included, the Language Specifications section of the KET and KET for Schools Handbooks (available from www.cambridgeesol.org) should be consulted for a more complete listing.  Exemplification Example phrases and sentences showing how words might be used are given only where words with different meanings need to be constrained e.g. the use of bank is followed by ‘I changed my money in a bank’ i.e. is limited to the idea of a financial institution: candidates are not expected to know other meanings, such as ‘a river bank’.  Prefixes and Suffixes A list of possible prefixes and suffixes is provided in Appendix 2, and these may be combined with the vocabulary items in the list as appropriate. Words with an affix which is not included in the appendix are listed separately in the alphabetical list.  Compound Words Compound words are not included in the list where both individual words are present and the meaning of the compound is literal and transparent, e.g. coursebook, school children, shopping centre.  Multi-word Verbs All multi-word (or phrasal) verbs that a KET or KET for Schools candidate might be expected to know are included in the list. These verbs include ‘literal’ verbs (i.e. where the meaning is transparent) e.g. sit down, go out and ‘non-literal’ verbs e.g. look after, get up.  Topic Lists In Appendix 3 words have been grouped together under common KET and/or KET for Schools themes, such as ‘House and Home’, ‘Work and Jobs’ and ‘Food and Drink’. Unsuitable Topics Cambridge ESOL examinations must not contain anything that might offend or upset candidates, potentially affect their performance or distract them during the examination. A number of ‘sensitive’ topics are considered unsuitable for use in KET and KET for Schools, for example, war and politics, and vocabulary relating to these is not included in the KET Vocabulary List. Personal Vocabulary The content of the KET Vocabulary List is general in nature and is unlikely to cover completely the productive vocabulary that may be required by candidates. Candidates should know the specific lexis they will need to describe themselves and their lives, for example, work, hobbies, likes and dislikes. Abbreviations Abbreviations used in the Vocabulary List are: abbrev abbreviation or acronym adj adjective adv adverb Am Eng American English art article Br Eng British English conj conjunction det determiner exclam exclamation int interjection n noun phr v phrasal verb pl plural prep preposition prep phr prepositional phrase pron pronoun sing singular v verb Summary of Points to be noted  The list does not include every word that may appear on a KET or KET for Schools paper.  The list covers receptive and productive vocabulary.  The list is updated every year. A a, an (art) able (adj)  be able to about (adv & prep)  What about a cold drink?  I have about £3. (adv)  a book about animals (prep) above (prep) act (v) accident (n) across (prep)  The bank’s across the road.  He walked across the bridge. activity (n) actor (n) actually (adv) add (v) address (n) adult (adj & n) advanced (adj) adventure (n) advertisement (n) aeroplane (n) afraid (adj) after (adv & prep) afternoon (n) afterwards (adv) again (adv) against (prep)  We watched England play against France. age (n)  I don’t know his age. ago (adv) agree (v)  Yes, I agree with you.  Don’t you agree, Sam? air (n)  to travel by air airport (n) all (det & pron) all right/alright (adv) almost (adv) alone (adj & adv) already (adv) also (adv) always (adv) a.m. (adv) amazing (adj) ambulance (n) among (prep) and (conj) angry (adj) animal (n) another (det & pron) answer (n & v) any (det and pron) anybody (pron) anyone (pron) anything (pron) anyway (adv) anywhere (adv) apartment (n) apple (n) appointment (n)  an appointment with the doctor area (n) arm (n) (a)round (adv & prep)  to travel around (adv)  to sit around the table (prep) arrive (v) art (n) article (n)  an article about skiing artist (n) as (prep)  as good as  as soon as possible  the same as ask (v) assistant (n) as well (adv) as well as (prep phr) at (prep) at / @ (n)  My email address is david@cambridgeesol.org at all (adv)  It doesn’t matter at all. aunt (n) autumn (n) away (adv)  He’s gone away.  It’s two miles away. B baby (n) back (n, adv & adj) bad (adj) bag (n) ball (n) banana (n) band (n) bank (n)  I changed my money in the bank. barbecue (n) baseball (n) basketball (n) bath (n) bathroom (n) be (v) beach (n) bear (n) beautiful (adj) because (conj) become (v) bed (n) bedroom (n) before (adv & prep) begin (v) beginner (n) behind (adv & prep) believe (v) belong (v) below (prep) belt (n) between (prep) bicycle (n) big (adj) bike (n) bill (n)  Can I have my bill, please? bird (n) birthday (n) biscuit (n) bit (n)  Just a small bit of cake, please. black (adj) blanket (n) blond(e) (adj) blouse (n) blue (adj) board (n)  The teacher’s writing on the (black/white)board. boat (n) body (n) boil (v) book (n & v) bookshelf (n) bookshop (n) boot (n)  football boots bored (adj) boring (adj) born (adj)  I was born in Manchester. borrow (v)  She borrowed a book from the library. boss (n) both (pron & det) bottle (n) bottom (n)  at the bottom of the stairs bowl (n) box (n) boy (n) brake (n & v) bread (n) break (n & v)  a break for lunch (n)  Someone’s broken the window.(v) breakfast (n) bridge (n) brilliant (adj)  I thought the film was brilliant! bring (v) brother (n) brown (adj) build (v) building (n) burger (n) burn (v)  He has burnt his hand. bus (n) business (n) businessman (n) businesswoman (n) bus station (n) bus stop (n) busy (adj) but (conj) butter (n) buy (v) by (prep) C cafe/café (n) cake (n) call (v)  I’ll call (phone) again later this afternoon.  He’s called John. camel (n) camera (n) camp (n & v) campsite (n) can (n & v) canal (n) car (n) card (n)  birthday card  credit card career (n) careful (adj)  Be careful! carpet (n) carrot (n) carry (v) cartoon (n) cash (n & v)  I’d like to cash this cheque. (v) castle (n) cat (n) catch (v) cathedral (n) CD (n) CD player (n) cent (n) centre (n) centimetre (n) century (n) certain (adj)  I’m certain (+ that clause) certainly (not) (adv) chair (n) change (v & n) channel (n) chat (n) chatroom (n) cheap (adj) check (v) cheers! (exclam) cheese (n) chemist (n) cheque (n) chicken (n) child (n) chips (n pl)  egg and chips chocolate (n) choose (v) church (n) cinema (n) circus (n) city (n) class (n)  a language class  a first-class ticket class member (n) classical (adj) classmate (n) classroom (n) clean (adj & v) clear (adj)  It’s not clear to me. clever (adj) click (v)  Click here to go to our website. climb (v) clock (n) close (v) closed (adj) close to (prep phr) clothes (n pl) cloud (n) cloudy (adj) clown (n) club (n)  to join a club coach (n)  a coach trip  a tennis coach coat (n) coffee (n) cold (adj & n) colleague (n) collect (v) college (n) colour (n) comb (n) come (v) comfortable (adj) company (n)  What’s the name of your company? competition (n) computer (n) concert (n) congratulations! (exclam) conversation (n) cook (n & v) cooker (n) cool (adj)  That’s a cool bike! corner (n)  the corner of the street correct (adj) cost (n & v) costume (n)  I forgot my swimming costume.  The dancers wore colourful costumes. could (v) country (n) countryside (n) course (n)  a university course  a main course  of course (not) cousin (n) cow (n) cream (n) credit card (n) cross (v)  Don’t cross the road here! crossing (n)  Use the crossing to cross the street. crossroads (n) crowd (n) crowded (adj) cry (v)  The baby’s crying. cup (n) cupboard (n) curtains (n) customer (n) cut (v) cycle (v) D dad(dy) (n) daily (adj & adv) dance (n & v) dancing (n) danger (n) dangerous (adj) dark (adj) date (n)  What’s the date today? daughter (n) day (n) dead (adj) dear (adj)  Dear Anne, decide (v) degree (n)  The temperature’s 30 degrees today. delay (n & v)  There will be a delay of two hours. (n)  The flight is delayed. (v) dentist (n) department (n) describe (v) desk (n) diary (n) dictionary (n) die (v) difference (n) different (adj) difficult (adj) digital (adj) dining room (n) dinner (n) dinosaur (n) diploma (n) dirty (adj) disco (n) discount (n) dish (n)  Chicken and chips is my favourite dish. do (v) doctor (n) dog (n) dollar (n) dolphin (n) door (n) dot (n)  dot com double (adj)  a double room down (adv & prep) download (n & v)  I downloaded the songs from the internet. (v)  Can you get these as a download? (n) downstairs (adv) dragon (n) draw (v) drawing (n) dream (n & v) dress (n & v) drink (n & v) drive (v) driving licence (n) drum (n) dry (adj & v) during (prep) DVD (n) DVD player (n) E each (det & pron) ear (n) early (adj & adv) earn (v) east (n, adj & adv) easy (adj) eat (v) egg (n) electric (adj) electricity (n) elephant (n) else (adv)  Anything else? email (n & v) empty (adj & v) end (v & n) engine (n) engineer (n) enjoy (v) enough (det & pron) enter (v)  Are you going to enter the poster competition?  Please enter through the side door. entrance (n) envelope (n) euro (n) even (adv) evening (n) ever (adv) every (det) everybody (pron) everyone (pron) everything (pron) everywhere (adv) examination/exam (n) example (n)  Look at the example first.  for example excellent (adj) except (prep) exercise (n & v) excited (adj) exciting (adj) excuse (v)  Excuse me! exhibition (n)  art exhibition exit (n) expensive (adj) explain (v) explore (v)  When I travel, I love exploring new cities. explorer (n)  This book’s about famous explorers. extra (det & adj) F face (n) factory (n) fan (n) fail (v) fair (adj)  She has fair hair. fall (v) family (n) famous (adj) far (adv)  How far is the next garage? farm (n) fashion (n) fast (adj & adv) fast food (n) fat (adj) father (n) favourite (adj) feel (v)  to feel well festival (n) few (det & adj) field (n) fill (v) fill in (phr v)  to fill in a form film (n & v) find (v) fine (adj)  That’s fine!  I’m fine, thank you.  The weather is fine. finish (v) fire (n) first (adv & adj)  First… then… (adv)  John came first. (adv)  first name (adj) fish (n & v) fit (adj) flat (n) flight (n) floor (n)  The bedrooms are on the first floor.  Don’t leave your clothes on the floor. flower (n) fly (n & v) fog (n) foggy (adj) follow (v) food (n) foot (n)  my right foot football (n) for (prep) foreign (adj) forest (n) forget (v) fork (n)  knife and fork form (n)  Fill in this form. free (adj) fresh (adj)  fresh fruit fridge (n) fried (adj) friend (n) friendly (adj) from (prep) front (n)  in the front of the train  Stand in front of me. fruit (n) fry (v) full (of) (adj) fun (n) funny (adj) furniture (n) G game (n) garage (n) garden (n) gas (n)  a gas cooker gate (n) get (v) get fit (v) get off (phr v)  to get off the bus get on (phr v)  to get on the bus get up (phr v)  to get up in the morning girl (n) give (v) glad (adj) glass (n & adj) glasses (n pl) go (v) go out (phr v)  Are you going out this evening? golf (n) gold (n & adj) good (adj) goodbye (exclam) gram(me) (n) grandchild (n) grand(d)ad (n) granddaughter (n) grandfather (n) grandma (n) grandmother (n) grandpa (n) grandparent (n) grandson (n) grape (n) grass (n) great (adj) green (adj) grey (adj) grill (v) grilled (adj) group (n) grow (v) grow up (phr v) guest (n) guest-house (n) guide (n) guidebook (n) guitar (n) guy (n)  He’s a really nice guy. H hair (n) hairdresser (n) hairdryer (n) half (n & pron) hall (n) hallo/hello! (exclam) hand (n) happen (v) happy (adj) hard (adj & adv)  hard wood (adj)  the homework was hard (adj)  to work hard (adv) hat (n) hate (v) have (v) have got (v) have to (v) he (pron) head (n)  My head hurts. health (n) healthy (adj) hear (v) heart (n) heating (n)  Can you turn the heating on? heavy (adj)  a heavy blanket helicopter (n) help (v) her (det & pron) herself (pron) here (adv) hers (pron) high (adj) hill (n) him (pron) himself (pron) hip hop (n) his (det & pron) hit (v) hobby (n) hockey (n) holiday(s) (n) home (n & adv) homework (n) hope (v) horse (n) hospital (n) hot (adj) hotel (n) hour (n) house (n) how (adv) hungry (adj) hurry (v) hurt (v) husband (n) I I (pron) ice (n) ice cream (n) ice skating (n) idea (n) if (conj) ill (adj) immediately (adv) important (adj) impossible (adj) improve (v) in (adv & prep) include (v) indoor (adj) indoors (adv) information (n) in front of (prep phr) insect (n) inside (adv & prep) instead (adv) instead of (prep phr) instructions (n pl) instrument (n) insurance (n)  car insurance interested (adj) interesting (adj) international (adj) internet (n) into (prep) invite (v) island (n) it (pron) its (det) itself (pron) J jacket (n) jam (n)  fruit jam jeans (n pl) job (n) join (v) journalist (n) journey (n) juice (n) jump (v) just (adv)  I’ve just seen Tom.  Just a moment. K keep (v)  May I keep this?  Keep right! key (n) keyboard (n)  I play the keyboard in a band.  The keyboard for my computer is broken. kilo(gram[me]) / kg (n) kilometre / km (n) kind (adj & n)  That’s very kind of you.  What kind of book do you want? king (n) kitchen (n) kite (n) knife (n) know (v) L lake (n) lamp (n) language (n) laptop (computer) (n) large (adj) last (adj & adv) late (adj & adv)  The train is going to be late. later (adv)  I’ll see you later. laugh (v) learn (v) leather (n & adj) leave (v)  The train leaves at 10 o’clock.  I left my bag in the cinema.  There isn’t any milk left. left (n, adj & adv)  Go to the left. (n)  left hand (adj)  Turn left. (adv) leg (n) lemon (n) lemonade (n) less (adj, det, pron & adv) lesson (n) let (v) letter (n) level (n)  language level library (n) licence (n)  driving licence lie down (phr v) life (n) lift (n)  Take the lift to the third floor. light (n & adj) like (v, prep & adv)  I’d like a drink. (v)  It’s like an orange but bigger. (prep)  What’s the weather like? (adv) line (n)  draw a line  the next line lion (n) listen (v) litre (n) little (adj, det & pron) live (v) living room (n) long (adj) look (v)  You look happy.  Don’t look now! look after (phr v) look at (phr v) look for (phr v) look out (phr v)  Look out – it’s going to fall! lorry (n) lose (v)  We lost the game.  I’ve lost my passport. lot (n)  a lot of homework. lots (n) loud (adj) love (n & v) lovely (adj) low (adj) luck (n) lucky (adj) luggage (n) lunch (n) M machine (n) magazine (n) make (v) make up (n) man (n) manager (n) many (det, adj & prom) map (n) market (n) married (adj) match (n)  football match matter (v)  It doesn’t matter. maybe (adv) me (pron) meal (n) mean (v) meat (n) mechanic (n) medicine (n) meet (v) meeting (n) member (n)  a member of a club menu (n) message (n) metre (n) middle (n)  in the middle midnight (n) mile (n) milk (n) million (n) mind (v)  Do you mind if I close the window?  I don’t mind if…  Mind your head! mine (pron) mineral water (n) minute (n) mirror (n) Miss (n) miss (v) mistake (n) mobile (phone) (n) modern (adj) moment (n)  Just a moment. money (n) monkey (n) month (n) monthly (adj & adv) moon (n) more (adj, det, pron & adv) morning (n) most (adj, det, pron & adv) mother (n) motorbike (n) motorway (n) mountain (n) mouse (n) mouth (n) move (v) MP3 player (n) Mr (n) Mrs (n) Ms (n) much (adj, det, pron & adv) mum(my) (n) museum (n) music (n) musician (n) must (v) my (det) myself (pron) N name (n) national (adj) nationality (n) nature (n) near (adv & prep) nearly (adv) neck (n) need (v) neighbour (n) never (adv) new (adj) news (n) newsagent (n) newspaper (n) next (adj & adv) next to (prep) nice (adj) night (n) no (det & exclam) nobody (pron) no one (pron) noisy (adj) noon (n) no one (pron) none (pron) normal (adj) north (n, adj & adv) nose (n) not (adv) note (n & v) nothing (pron) now (adv) nowhere (adv) number (n) nurse (n) O occupation (n) o'clock (adv) of (prep) of course (not) (adv) off (adv) office (n) often (adv) oil (n)  car oil  cooking oil OK/okay (exclam) old (adj) omelette (n) on (prep & adv) once (adv)  only once one (pron, det & num)