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Dry Eye Syndrome干眼症#

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Dry Eye Syndrome干眼症#Dry Eye Syndrome Dry Eye Syndrome 干眼症 By Judith Lee and Gretchyn Bailey, with contributions by Shereen Jegtvig, Certified Nutrition Specialist (CNS); reviewed by Vance Thompson, MD Dry eye syndrome is a chronic lack of sufficient lubrication and moisture on the surf...
Dry Eye Syndrome干眼症#
Dry Eye Syndrome Dry Eye Syndrome 干眼症 By Judith Lee and Gretchyn Bailey, with contributions by Shereen Jegtvig, Certified Nutrition Specialist (CNS); reviewed by Vance Thompson, MD Dry eye syndrome is a chronic lack of sufficient lubrication and moisture on the surface of the eye. 干眼症是眼球面长期缺乏足够润滑和滋润。 Its consequences range from subtle but constant irritation to ocular inflammation of the anterior (front) tissues of the eye. 其后果范围从细微的,但不断刺激前(前)眼睛组织的眼部炎症。 Dry eyes also are described by the medical term, keratitis sicca, which generally means decreased quality or quantity of tears. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca refers to eye dryness affecting the cornea and conjunctiva. 眼睛干涩也是医学术语的描述,干燥性角膜炎,这通常意味着降低质量或数量眼泪。干燥性角结膜炎是指眼睛干涩,影响角膜和结膜。 Dry Eye Syndrome Symptoms 干眼症的症状 Persistent dryness, scratchiness and a burning sensation in your eyes are symptoms of dry eyes. These symptoms alone may prompt your eye doctor to diagnose dry eye syndrome. 持续干燥,在你的眼睛有刮破和烧灼感是眼睛干涩的症状。单凭这些症状可能会提示您的眼科医师来诊断干眼症。 But sometimes your eye doctor may want to measure the amount of tears in your eyes. A thin strip of filter paper placed under the lower eyelid, called a Schirmer test, is one way to measure tear production. 但是,有时你的眼睛医生可能要衡量在你眼里的泪水。薄带的滤纸置于下眼睑之下,所谓的泪液分泌试验,是一个方法来衡量撕裂生产。 Another symptom of dry eyes is a "foreign body sensation," the feeling that something is in the eye. 眼睛干涩的另一个症状是“异物感”即有东西在眼睛的感觉。 And it may seem odd, but dry eye syndrome can cause watery eyes. This is because dryness on the eye's surface sometimes will overstimulate production of the watery component of your tears as a protective mechanism. 它可能看上去很奇怪,但干眼症引起水汪汪的大眼睛。这是因为眼球表面干燥,有时会过度刺激眼睛生产眼泪,这水汪汪眼泪是一种保护机制。 What Causes Dry Eyes? 什么原因引起干眼? Tears bathe the eye, washing out dust and debris and keeping the eye moist. They also contain enzymes that neutralize the microorganisms that colonize the eye. Tears are essential for good eye health. 眼泪能够清洗眼睛、冲洗掉灰尘和杂物并保持眼睛湿润。它们还含有酶,消除殖民眼睛的微生物。眼泪是眼睛护理必要因素。 In dry eye syndrome, the lacrimal gland or associated glands near the eye don't produce enough tears, or the tears have a chemical composition that causes them to evaporate too quickly. 干眼症,主要是泪腺或靠近眼睛的附属腺体没有产生足够的眼泪,或者眼泪有一种化学成分使它们蒸发过快。 Dry eye syndrome has several causes. It occurs as a part of the natural aging process, especially during menopause; as a side effect of many medications, such as antihistamines, antidepressants, certain blood pressure medicines, Parkinson's medications and birth control pills; or because you live in a dry, dusty or windy climate. 干眼症的原因有多种。它的发生是自然老化过程的一部分,尤其是在更年期;作为一个许多药物的副作用,如抗组胺药物,抗抑郁药,某些血液压力的药物,帕金森氏药物和避孕药,侧面的效果;或因为你生活在一个干燥、尘土飞扬或多风的气候当中。 If your home or office has air conditioning or a dry heating system, that too can dry out your eyes. Another cause is insufficient blinking, such as when you're staring at a computer screen all day. 如果您的家里或办公室有空调或干燥的采暖系统,也可以使你的眼睛干燥。另一个原因是,闪烁的不足,比如当你整天盯着电脑屏幕。 Dry eyes also are a symptom of systemic diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, ocular rosacea or Sjogren's syndrome (a triad of dry eyes, dry mouth and rheumatoid arthritis or lupus). 眼睛干涩也是一种全身性疾病的症状,如红斑狼疮,类风湿关节炎,眼酒渣鼻或干燥综合征(一个黑社会眼睛干涩,口干和类风湿关节炎或红斑狼疮)。 Long-term contact lens wear is another cause; in fact, dry eyes are the most common complaint among contact lens wearers. 长期配戴隐形眼镜是另一个原因,其实,眼睛干涩的隐形眼镜配戴者中最常见的抱怨。 Recent research indicates that contact lens wear and dry eyes can be a vicious cycle. Dry eye syndrome makes contact lenses feel uncomfortable, and evaporation of moisture from contact lenses worsens dry eye symptoms. 最近的研究表明,配戴隐形眼镜和眼睛干涩,可以是一个恶性循环。干眼症隐形眼镜感到不舒服,隐形眼镜的水分蒸发恶化眼干症状。 Incomplete closure of the eyelids, eyelid disease and a deficiency of the tear-producing glands are other causes. 不完全封闭的眼皮,眼睑疾病,泪腺产生泪的缺乏是其他原因。 ears are composed of three layers: 耳朵由三个层次组成的: ​ the outer, oily lipid layer; ​ 外层,油脂层 ​ the middle, watery, lacrimal layer; ​ 中层,水性,泪腺层 ​ and the inner, mucous or mucin layer. ​ 内层,粘液或粘蛋白层 Each layer is produced by different glands near the eye. The lacrimal gland located above the outer corner of the eye produces the lacrimal layer, for example. So a problem with any of those sources can result in dry eyes. 每一层是由靠近眼睛的不同腺体。位于外眼角上方的泪腺产生泪层,例如。因此,与这些来源的任何问题可能会导致眼睛干涩。 Dry eye syndrome is more common in women, possibly due to hormone fluctuations. A recent study also indicates that the risk of dry eyes among men increases with age. 干眼症多见于女性,可能是由于激素波动。最近的一项研究还表明,男性的眼睛干涩的风险随着年龄的增大。 Recent research suggests that smoking, too, can increase your risk of dry eye syndrome. 最近的研究表明,吸烟也可以增加你获得干眼症的风险。 With increased popularity of cosmetic eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty) for improved appearance, dry eye complaints now occasionally are associated with incomplete closure of eyelids following such a procedure. 随着日益普及的整容双眼皮手术改善外观(眼袋),干眼症的投诉,现在偶尔与下面的这样一个过程的眼睑不完全封闭。 Treatment for Dry Eyes 干眼症的治疗 Dry eye syndrome is an ongoing condition that may not be completely curable (depending on the cause). But the accompanying dryness, scratchiness and burning can be managed. Your eye care practitioner may prescribe artificial tears, which are lubricating eye drops that may alleviate the dry, scratchy feeling. 干眼症是一个持续的条件可能不完全可以治愈的(事业)的。但伴随干燥,scratchiness和燃烧,可以管理。您的眼科医师可能会开人工泪液,润滑滴眼液,可缓解干燥,发痒的感觉。 Punctal插头有助于保持眼睛水分,保持泪水的过快流失。 7Eye太阳镜眼睛干涩,因为可以帮助他们保持其密封舱密封风,花粉和灰尘;99%的配戴者的一项研究报告说,在整体眼干症状的减少。 HYPERLINK "http://www.allaboutvision.com/nutrition/fatty_acid_1.htm" 左:人工泪液帮助眼睛干涩的感觉更好,不要混淆他们的公式,只是减少发红。鲑鱼是一种良好的ω- 3脂肪酸,这可能会降低你的眼睛干涩的风险源。沙丁鱼,鲱鱼和鳕鱼肝油,甚至更好,或尝试的一种补充。 Prescription eye drops called Restasis (Allergan) go one step further: they help your body produce more tears by reducing inflammation associated with dry eye syndrome. 处方眼药水称为Restasis(Allergan公司),多走一步:他们帮助你的身体产生减少炎症与干眼症相关的多泪。 Another option for dry eye treatment is called Lacrisert, a tiny insert filled with a lubricating ingredient (hydroxypropyl cellulose). The insert is placed just inside the lower eyelid, where it continuously releases lubrication for the eye throughout the day. 治疗干眼症的另一种选择是,一个微小的插入Lacrisert充满润滑成分(羟丙基纤维素)。插入是放在里面下睑,不断释放整个天眼润滑。 Sometimes people use eye drops that are advertised to "get the red out" to treat their dry eyes. While these drops can reduce or eliminate eye redness temporarily, they may or may not be effective at lubricating the eye, depending on the formulation. 有时,人们使用标榜“冲出来”来对待自己的眼睛干涩的眼睛滴。虽然这些下降可以减少或消除眼睛发红暂时,他们可能会或可能不会有效的润滑眼球,取决于制定。 Not only that, but the vasoconstrictors in those formulas that reduce redness by contracting the eye's blood vessels are addictive, in the sense that over time, more and more is needed to achieve the same effect. With frequent use, the effect diminishes after a while — the blood vessels simply won't constrict as much as they did when you first used the drops. 不仅,但在这些公式中的血管收缩,减少发红承包眼睛的血管中,随着时间的推移,越来越多的的需要来达到同样的效果的意义,都让人爱不释手。频繁使用,效果减弱过了一段时间 -血管根本不会收缩为多,因为他们没有当您第一次使用的下降。 If you wear contact lenses, be aware that many eye drops, especially artificial tears, cannot be used while your contacts are in your eyes. You'll need to remove them before using drops and wait 15 minutes or even longer (check the label) before reinserting the lenses. 如果你戴隐形眼镜,要知道许多眼药水,尤其是人工泪液,不能使用,而您的联系人在你的眼睛。您需要删除之前使用滴,并重新插入的镜头前,等待15分钟甚至更长的时间(检查标签)。 If your eye dryness is mild, then contact lens rewetting drops may be sufficient to make your eyes feel better, but the effect usually is only temporary. 如果您的眼睛干涩温和,那么接触镜头再润湿性下降,可能足以让你的眼睛感觉更好,但效果通常只是暂时的。 Check the label, but better yet, check with your optometrist or ophthalmologist before buying any over-the-counter eye drops. It will probably save you a lot of money, because he or she will know which formulas are effective and long-lasting and which ones are not, as well as which eye drops will work with your contact lenses 检查标签,但更好的是,您的验光师或眼科医生检查之前购买任何以上的非处方的眼药水。它可能会为您节省了很多钱,因为他或她将知道哪些公式是有效的和持久的,哪些是不,以及将与您的隐形眼镜眼药水。 If the problem is environmental, wear sunglasses when outdoors to reduce exposure to sun, wind and dust. You may want to try the kind that has a foam or other seal at the sides and/or a close-fitting, wrap-style frame to keep wind and dust from getting behind the lenses and in your eyes. 如果问题是环境,戴太阳镜,在户外时,以减少暴露在阳光,风和灰尘。您可能想尝试那种有一个泡沫或其它密封在双方和/或一个贴身,包裹式的框架,保持风和灰尘,从背后的镜头,在你的眼睛越来越。 Recent research suggests that cold temperatures may be another environmental cause of dry eyes. If it gets cold and windy where you live, try wearing goggles when you're outside in winter. 最近的研究表明,寒冷的气温可能是另一种环境造成眼睛干涩。如果它变得寒风凛冽,你住的地方,尽量戴眼罩,当你在冬季之外。 Indoors, an air cleaner can filter out dust and other particles from the air, while a humidifier adds moisture to air that's too dry because of air conditioning or heating. 在室内,空气净化器可以过滤掉从空气中的灰尘和其他微粒,而一台加湿器,增加了水分,因为空调或暖气的过于干燥的空气。 Temporary or permanent silicone plugs can be inserted in the lacrimal (tear) drainage ducts in your eyelids to keep tears on your eye from draining away as quickly. Called lacrimal plugs or punctal plugs, they can be inserted painlessly while you're in the eye doctor's office and normally are not felt once inserted. 临时或永久硅插头可插在泪(撕裂)在你的眼皮引流管,保持你的眼睛的泪水,从外流尽快。称为泪腺插头或punctal插头,可插入怕疼当您在眼科医师的办公室的时候,一般不认为一旦插入。 A new type of punctal plug made of acrylic is a small rod that becomes a soft gel when exposed to your body heat after insertion. It is designed to swell and conform to the size of your tear drainage canal. Advantages of this type of plug are that one size fits all, so measurement is unnecessary, and nothing protrudes from the tear duct that could potentially cause irritation. 一个新型丙烯酸punctal插件是一个小棒,变成了软凝胶时暴露后插入到您的身体热量。它的目的是膨胀和符合你撕裂的排水渠的大小。这种类型的插件的优点是一刀切,所以测量是不必要的,并没有什么突出的泪道,可能会引起刺激。 眼睛干涩会有眼睛发红和发炎并造成了scratchiness的感觉。 Another new kind of punctal plug is made of a hydrogel that expands into a soft, pliable gel in the tear drainage canal. It has no cap, and should it need to be removed, the eye care practitioner can simply flush it out with saline solution. 另一个punctal插件的一种新扩展到软,柔韧凝胶撕裂的排水渠的水凝胶。它没有上限,应该需要拆除,眼科医师可以简单冲洗,用生理盐水溶液。 With some people, however, punctal plugs aren't effective enough, so their tear ducts need to be closed surgically (punctal cautery). 然而,一些人,punctal插头没有足够有效的,所以他们的泪腺手术需要关闭(punctal烧灼)。 Doctors sometimes recommend special nutritional supplements for dry eyes. Studies have found that supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids can decrease dry eye symptoms. 医生有时会建议为眼睛干涩的特殊营养补充剂。有研究发现,补充含有ω- 3脂肪酸可以减少干眼症的症状。 Good sources of omega-3s include cold-water fish, such as sardines, cod, herring and salmon. Some eye doctors also recommend flaxseed oil to relieve dry eye. ω- 3脂肪酸的良好来源包括冷水鱼类,如沙丁鱼,鳕鱼,鲱鱼和鲑鱼。一些眼科的医生还建议亚麻籽油,以纾缓干眼症。 Drinking more water can help, too. Mild dehydration often makes dry eye problems worse. This is especially true during hot, dry and windy weather. Simply drinking more water sometimes reduces the symptoms of dry eye syndrome. 多喝水,也可以帮助。轻度脱水,往往使干眼问题恶化。在炎热,干燥和大风天气,这是特别真实。只需多喝水,有时降低干眼症的症状。 The Institute of Medicine recommends that each day, women need 91 ounces of water and men need about 125 ounces. Experts agree that about 20 percent of the water your body needs comes from the food you eat, while the rest originates from the fluids you drink. 美国医学研究所建议,每一天,妇女需要91盎司的水,男人需要约125盎司。专家们同意你的身体需要的水,约20%来自你吃的食物,而其余的从你喝的液体起源。 The best choices for beverages are water, 100 percent fruit and vegetable juices and milk. 饮料的最佳选择是水,100%的水果和蔬菜汁和牛奶。 If medications are the cause of dry eyes, discontinuing the drug generally resolves the problem. But in this case, the benefits of the drug must be weighed against the side effect of dry eyes. Sometimes switching to a different type of medication alleviates the dry eye symptoms while keeping the needed treatment. In any case, never switch or discontinue your medications without consulting with your doctor first! 如果药物引起的眼睛干涩,停药,一般可以解决问题。但在这种情况下,药物的好处,必须权衡的眼睛干涩的副作用。有时切换到不同类型的药物,减轻干眼症的症状,同时保持所需的治疗。在任何情况下,从来没有开关或终止不先与你的医生咨询你的药物! Treating any underlying eyelid disease, such as blepharitis, helps as well. This may call for antibiotic or steroid eye drops plus frequent eyelid scrubs with an antibacterial shampoo. 任何潜在的眼睑疾病,治疗如睑缘炎,以及帮助。这可致电抗生素或类固醇眼药水加用抗菌洗发水频繁的眼睑擦洗。 If contact lens discomfort is the cause of your dry eyes, your eye care practitioner may want to switch you to a different lens or have you wear your lenses for fewer hours each day. In some cases, it is recommended that contact lens wear be discontinued altogether until the dry eye problem is cleared up. 如果隐形眼镜不适是你的眼睛干涩的原因,眼科医师可能会想,您可以切换到不同的镜头,或有你穿的更少的时间隐形眼镜每天。在某些情况下,这是建议,配戴隐形眼镜完全停止,直到干眼症的问题是清理。 Dry eyes and LASIK may not be a good combination. If you are considering LASIK, be aware that dry eyes may disqualify you for the surgery, at least until the problem is resolved. 眼睛干涩和LASIK可能不是一个很好的结合。如果你正在考虑LASIK手术,要知道,眼睛干涩可能取消你的手术,至少要等到问题解决。 Dry eyes increase your risk for poor healing after LASIK, so most surgeons will want to treat the dry eyes first, to ensure a good LASIK outcome. This goes for other types of vision correction surgery, as well. 眼睛干涩增加LASIK术后愈合不良的风险,所以大多数外科医生要治疗眼睛干涩,保证了良好的LASIK手术结果。这同样适用于其他类型的视力矫正手术,以及。 文章翻译出自: 增视能官方网站 www.improveeye.com 中国视觉治疗研究基地 www.kids-abc.com
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