慢性淋巴细胞白血病的 诊断、预后与治疗
哈尔滨血液病肿瘤研究所
马 军
慢性淋巴细胞白血病
•CLL诊断
•
CLL预后
•
CLL治疗
慢性淋巴细胞白血病:诊断
•
定义:具有特定免疫
型的成熟表
型淋巴细胞在外周血、骨髓、淋巴
结及其他淋巴组织进行性积聚的一
种克隆性B淋巴增殖性疾病。
•
B淋巴细胞5109/L, 3月。
Hallek M, et al. Blood, 2008, 111: 5446
成熟表型
•
形态学:
小成熟淋巴细胞
–CLL/PL:幼淋10%,<55%
–PLL:幼淋55%
•MCL:t(11;14)/CCND1
•SMZL
•ALL
•
免疫表型:
–sIg
(/)
–不表达CD34、TdT
kappa
lambda
正常
CLL
单克隆
克隆性:轻链限制性表达
正常 CLL
CLL积分系统
Marker Score points
1 0
CD5 Positive Negative
CD23 Positive Negative
FMC-7 Negative Positive
sIg Weak(dim) Strong(brigh
t)
CD22/CD79b Weak(dim) Strong(brigh
t)CLL:4-5分;非B-LPD:0-2分
Moreau EJ,et al. Am J Clin Pathol,1997,108:378
病例 HCB M/58岁
血常规:幼稚淋巴细胞
12%,成熟淋巴
细胞
67%,可见晚幼红细胞。
生化:I-Bil、LDH增高
Coombs试验阳性
骨髓:增生明显活跃,红系2%,淋巴细
胞76%,其中幼稚淋巴细胞14%。
诊断:CLL/PL?+AIHA
CD22
CD20
CD5
CD19
Lambda
Kappa
CD23 FMC-7
Score=4分
病例
HCB CLL?
套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)与t(11;14)
诊断:MCL;治疗:
R-HyperCVAD
慢性淋巴细胞白血病的诊断
淋巴细胞增多
形态学 免疫表型
-
CD19, CD20, HLA-DR
-
CD5
-
CD23
-
Dim monoclonal sIg
-
CD22 +/-, FMC-7
+/-
骨髓
骨髓活检检测浸润
模式具有预后价值
并发症
- 感染
-
自身免疫性疾病
- 转化
细胞遗传学/FISH
13q, 12+, 11q-,
17p-
t(11;14)
实验室特征
临床特征
- 淋巴结肿大
-
肝脾肿大
CLL预后
•
低Rai / Binet分期
•
淋巴细胞倍增时间
> 12m
–
Montserrat Br J Hematol 62:567,
1986
•
b2-MG正常
–
Hallek M Leuk Lymph 22:439,1996
•
sCD23正常
•
特殊的遗传学异常
–单纯13q-
•
CD38 阴性
•
IgVH基因突变
–
Hamblin Blood 94:1848, 1999
•
ZAP-70阴性
–
Crespo NEJM 348:1764, 2003
•
高Rai / Binet分期
•
淋巴细胞倍增时间
< 6 m
–
Montserrat Br J Hematol 62:567,
1986
•
2-MG增高
–
Hallek M Leuk Lymph 22:439,1996
•
sCD23 增高
•
特殊的遗传学异常
– + 12
– 11q-
(ATM)
– 17p-
(p53)
•
CD38 阳性
•
IgVH基因无突变
–
Hamblin Blood 94:1848, 1999
•
ZAP-70 阳性
–
Crespo NEJM 348:1764, 2003
良好因素 不利因素
CLL预后因素
CLL治疗策略
1.
无del(17p) CLL治疗策略
2.
del(17p)
(>20%)
CLL治疗策略
v.1. 2010 NCCN
肿瘤抑制基因 p53
•
人类p53基因定位于l7号染色体短臂,含有
11个外显子,主要作用是诱导凋亡、抑制恶
性增殖
•
p53基因突变/失活可见于>50%的人类肿瘤
•
集合多数信号通路控制细胞的生存和死亡
•
了解p53基因的功能和调节对于掌握肿瘤生
物学特性、探索新的治疗策略具有重要的意
义
CLL主要发生于老年人群
•
2003–2007年,
≥
65岁人群中CLL发病率为23.9/10万
SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975–2007.
美国CLL初诊时的年龄分布(2003–2007)
65–74 岁
75岁
0–64 岁
31%
42%
27%
大多数患者具有伴发疾病
Thurmes P, et al. Leuk Lymphoma 2008; 49:49
具有较少伴发疾病具有较多伴发疾病
无伴发疾病
46%
43%
11%
Mayo Clinic自1995年的CLL资料
IWCLL的CLL治疗指征(初治/复治)
至少应该满足以下一个条件:
(1)进行性骨髓衰竭的证据,表现为贫血和/或血小板减少进展或恶化。
(2)巨脾(如左肋缘下>6 cm)或进行性或有症状的脾肿大。
(3)巨块型淋巴结肿大(如最长直径>10 cm)或进行性或有症状的淋巴结肿大。
(4)进行性淋巴细胞增多,如2个月内增多>50%,或LDT<6个月。
(5)自身免疫性贫血和/或血小板减少对皮质类固醇或其他标准治疗反应不佳。
(6)至少存在下列一种疾病相关症状:
(a)在以前6月内无明显原因的体重下降≥10%。
(b)严重疲乏[如ECOG PS≥2;不能工作或不能进行常规活动]。
(c)无其他感染证据,发热>38.0℃,≥2周。
(d)无感染证据,夜间盗汗>1个月Hallek M, et al.Blood,2008,111:5446
•
淋巴细胞绝对数(ALC)不是治疗指证!!!
•
ALC>250×109/L开始治疗?
1.
Hallek M,et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic
lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the International Workshop on Chronic
Lymphocytic Leukemia updating the National Cancer Institute-Working
Group 1996 guidelines. Blood,2008,111:5446.
2.
Gribben JG. How I treat CLL up front. Blood,2010,115:187.
3.
v.1 2010 NCCN
4.
Kaufman M,et al. Diagnosing and treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia in
2009. Oncology,2009,23:1
避免过度治疗!!!!
CLL治疗策略
1.
无del(17p) CLL治疗策略
2.
del(17p)
(>20%)
CLL治疗策略
v.1. 2010 NCCN
CLL的一线治疗
氟达拉滨
vs 烷化剂治疗CLL的Ⅲ期临床试验
治疗
病例数 CR (%) PR (%) PFS (月) MS
(月)
欧洲协作
组
Flud
CAP
52
48
23
17
48
43
未达到
208 天
未达到
1580 天
美国
InterGro
up
Flud
CLB
Flud/CLB
170
181
123
20
4
20
44
33
41
25
14
NR
66
56
55
法国协作
组
Flud
CAP
CHOP
341
240
357
40
15
30
31
43
42
32
28
29
69
70
67
英国
LRF
CLL4研究
Flud
CLB
181
366
15
7
65
65
5年
10%
5年
10%
52
59
氟达拉滨
(F)
苯达莫司汀
vs 瘤可宁
Knauf WU,et al. J Clin Oncol,2009,27:4378
FC vc F治疗CLL的Ⅲ期临床试验
治疗方案 病例数 CR (%) PR (%) PFS OS
德国CLL 研
究组
Flud
FC
164
164
7
24
76
70
中位
20月
中位
48月
3年80.7%
3年80.3%
英国LRF
CLL4试验
Flud
FC
181
182
15
38
65
57
5年
10%
5年
36%
5年
59%
5年
54%
美国
InterGroup
试验
E2997
Flud
FC
137
141
4.8
23.4
54.6
50.4
中位19.2月
中位31.6月
2年
80%
2年
79%
氟达拉滨+环磷酰胺(FC)
FC vs F在非高危CLL可改善OS
(
GCLLSG CLL4 )
FC median OS n.r.
F median OS 84.6
Months
P=0.02
NR
84.6月
PFS OS
FR
F
FR
F
Byrd JC, et al.Blood,2005,105:49
FR (CALGB9712) vs F (CALGB9011)
ORR CR PR
FR 90% 47% 43%
F→R 77% 28% 49%
氟达拉滨+美罗华(FR)
F vs FC/M vs FCR方案与生存
(OS)
(MD Anderson Cancer Center)
54%
59%
77%
F:77
F+Pred:113 FC:107
FM:33
FCR:300
Tam CS,et al. Blood,2008,112:975
氟达拉滨+环磷酰胺+美罗华(FCR)
OR 95%
CR 72%
12
0
MabThera-FC
45
P
a
t
i
e
n
t
s
(
%
)
80
60
40
20
100
50
FC
p < 0.01
与单用FC比较
,
美罗华
500 mg/m2
+FC 使CR率加倍
40
23
CR
PR
CRu / CRi / nPR
9
ORR = 93%
(n = 408) ORR = 85%
(n = 409)
Hallek M, et al. Blood 2008; 112:Abstract 325.
CRu = unconfirmed CR
CRi = CR with incomplete bone marrow recovery
nPR = nodular partial remission
与单用FC比较
,
美罗华
500 mg/m2
+FC显著改善
OS
随机化3年后
OS率
:
FCR: 87.2%
FC: 82.5%
n=817, HR 0.664,
p=0.012
不同基因亚组中的完全缓解率
(S. Stilgenbauer)
n CR (%) FC (%) FCR (%) Δ p
所有患者 759 33.2 21.8 44.1 2.0x < 0.001
13q–(单纯) 211 36.5 24.8 49.0 2.0x <0.001
11q– 135 37.0 15.5 53.2 3.4x < 0.001
+12 56 42.9 21.9 70.8 3.2x < 0.001
17p– 43 2.3 0 4.8 n.a. 0.3
无 130 33.8 28.6 37.8 1.3x 0.27
IGHV
突变 206 35.9 19.8 51.4 2.6x < 0.001
IGHV
未突变 351 32.2 20.4 42.9 2.1x < 0.001
演示者
演示文稿备注
Genomic Aberrations, VH Mutation Status and Outcome after Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide (FC) or FC Plus Rituximab (FCR) in the CLL8 Trial
Tuesday, December 9, 2008: 8:00 AM
2001-2003-2014-2016 - West (Moscone Center)
Stephan Stilgenbauer1, Thorsten Zenz1*, Dirk Winkler1*, Andreas Bühler1*, Raymonde Busch2*, Günther Fingerle-Rowson3*, Kirsten Fischer3*, Anna- Maria Fink3*, Ulrich Jäger4*, Sebastian Böttcher5*, Michael Kneba5*, Michael Wenger6*, Myriam Mendila6*, Michael Hallek3* and Hartmut Döhner1*
1Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany�2Technical University, Institute for Medical Statistic and Epidemiology, Munich, Germany�3Dept. of Internal Med. I, Univeristy of Cologne, Cologne, Germany�4Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria�52nd Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany�6Pharmaceuticals Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
The international multicenter randomized CLL8 trial evaluated 1st line treatment with FC or FCR in 817 CLL patients. Analyses of genomic aberrations by FISH and VH mutation status by DNA sequencing were scheduled for a subset of countries in a central reference laboratory. Samples were available for 648 (79%) patients and this cohort was representative of the full trial population regarding other baseline prognostic factors and demographics.
The incidences of the most common genomic aberrations were 13q- 56.7%, 13q- single 36.4%, 11q- 24.6%, +12 12.0%, and 17p- 8.2%. No aberration was found for these regions in 22.4%. VH was unmutated in 63.4% and V3-21 was rearranged in 4.9%. Distributions of genetic parameters were not significantly different between treatment arms.
Outcome was analyzed for subgroups defined by genetic parameters in univariate analyses. Genomic aberrations according to the hierarchical model were correlated with differences in CR, CR+PR, PFS and OS in both treatment arms combined and individually (all p<.001). Particularly poor outcome was observed for 17p- in both arms (FC and FCR): CR (4.5% and 19.0%), CR+PR (45.5% and 71.4%), PFS (at 24 months: 0.0% and 29.6%), and OS (at 24 months: 41.0% and 53.3%). Unmutated VH status was correlated with shorter PFS in both arms combined and individually (all p<.001), shorter OS in the FC arm (p=.006), and a trend towards shorter OS in the FCR arm (p=.092).
Treatment results of FCR and FC were compared in subgroups defined by genetic parameters to identify prognostic and predictive markers. While FCR in general improved outcome, this effect was different in specific genetic subgroups.
Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox regression with backward selection including age, sex, stage, treatment arms, VH status and genomic aberrations as parameters. Regarding PFS, independent prognostic factors were 17p- (HR 6.76, p<.001), unmutated VH (HR 1.97, p<.001), FCR (HR 0.51, p<.001) and +12 (HR 0.58, p=.020). Regarding OS, only 17p- (HR 7.47, p<.001) and unmutated VH (HR 2.09, p=.018) were identified as significant independent factors, while a trend was observed for FCR (HR 0.66, p=.085).
In conclusion, genetic parameters remain powerful prognostic markers after 1st line FC and FCR treatment in CLL. The overall improvements by FCR result from specific treatment effects in distinct genetic subgroups and 11q- appears to benefit particularly. However, 17p- and unmutated VH status remain predictors for shorter PFS and OS independently of the overall improvement by FCR.
CLL的二线治疗
Primary endpoint: PFS
(N = 552)
PD off study
Rituximab Fludarabine Cyclophosphamide
Cycle 1: 375 mg/m2 day 0
25 mg/m2, day 1–3 250 mg/m2 day 1–3
Cycles 2–6: 500 mg/m2 day 1
R
A
N
D
O
M
I
S
E
R-FC q4wk
3
FC q4wk
3
R
E
S
T
A
G
E
R-FC q4wk
3
FC q4wk
3
CR, PR
Relapsed/refractory
CLL
One previous therapy
All Binet stages
ECOG PS 0–1
Prior FC or Rituximab
excluded
Phase III trial of R-FC versus FC
in relapsed CLL (REACH)
Robak T, et al. J Clin Oncol 2010: 28;1756
Response
FC (%)
n=276 p-value
CR 13.0 <0.001
PR/nPR 44.9 0.8642
ORR 58.0 0.0034
SD 22.1 ND
PD 5.4 ND
Not evaluable* 14.5 ND
*Mainly patients with response that was not confirmed through a second
assessment; ND = not done
REACH: Efficacy
Robak T, et al. J Clin Oncol 2010: 28;1756–1765.
R-FC (%)
n=276
24.3
45.7
69.9
17.0
2.5
10.5
REACH: Primary endpoint,
investigator-assessed PFS
FC
(n = 276)
R-FC
(n = 276) HR p-value
Median OS 51.9 months Not reached 0.83 0.2874
Years
0.50.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
P
F
S
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
1.0
p < 0.001
R-FC: Median 30.6 months
FC: Median 20.6 months
1.0 1.5
10 months’ improvement
Median follow-up 25.3 months
Robak T, et al. J Clin Oncol 2010: 28;1756–1765.
演示者
演示文稿备注
Hazard ratio: 0.65
REACH: PFS for 17p-
patients
R-FC
Time (months)
E
v
e
n
t
-
f
r
e
e
r
a
t
e
0
6 24 36 420 48
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
54
p = 0.4139
FC
12 18 30
n = 42
Robak T, et al. J Clin Oncol 2010: 28;1756–1765.
REACH: Grade 3/4 adverse events
Grade 3/4 AEs
R-FC (%)
n = 274
FC (%)
n = 272
All 80 74
On Day 1–2 of first cycle 6 4
Neutropenia 42 40
Febrile neutropenia 12 12
Thrombocytopenia 11 9
Anemia 12 13
Infections 18 19
Hepatitis B reactivation 2 –
Robak T, et al. J Clin Oncol 2010: 28;1756–1765.
CLL治疗策略
1.
无del(17p) CLL治疗策略
2.
del(17p) (>20%) CLL治疗策略
v.1. 2010 NCCN
无del(17p) CLL治疗策略
(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
v.1. 2010 NCCN
虚弱患者,严重合并症
(不能耐受嘌呤类似物)
瘤可宁±泼尼松
美罗华(单用)
冲击剂量皮质类固醇
年龄70岁
• 瘤可宁±泼尼松
• 苯达莫司汀
• 烷化剂为基础的化疗
• CVP(环磷酰胺+长春新碱+泼尼松)
±美罗华(RTX)
• 阿仑单抗
• 美罗华(RTX)
• 氟达拉滨±美罗华(RTX)
年龄<70岁或超过70岁但无严重合并症
• 化学免疫治疗(优先)
– FCR(氟达拉滨,环磷酰胺,美罗华)
– FR(氟达拉滨,美罗华)
– PCR(喷司他叮,环磷酰胺,美罗华)
• 单药治疗
– 苯达莫司汀(Bendamustine)
– 瘤可然±泼尼松
– 氟达拉滨
– 阿仑单抗
无del(17p) CLL的一线治疗策略
(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
v.1. 2010 NCCN
del(17p) CLL的一线治疗策略
(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
v.1. 2010 NCCN
FCR(氟达拉滨,环磷酰胺,美罗华)
FR(氟达拉滨,美罗华)
HDMP+R(大剂量甲基泼尼松+美罗华)
CFAR(FCR+阿仑单抗)
苯达莫司汀(Bendamustine)
长期反应>3年
重复一线治疗
短期反应<2年,年龄70岁
化学免疫治疗
减量FCR
减量PCR
苯达莫司汀±美罗华(RTX)
HDMP+美罗华(RTX)
瘤可宁±泼尼松
Ofatumumab
剂量密集美罗华(RTX)
短期反应<2年,年龄<70岁或超过70岁但无严重合并症
化学免疫治疗
FCR(氟达拉滨,环磷酰胺,美罗华)
PCR(喷司他叮,环磷酰胺,美罗华)
苯达莫司汀±美罗华(RTX)
氟达拉滨+阿仑单抗
CHOP+美罗华(RTX)
HyperCVAD+美罗华(RTX)
EPOCH+美罗华(RTX)
OFAR
Ofatumumab
阿仑单抗+美罗华(RTX)
HDMP+美罗华(RTX)
无del(17p) 难治/复发CLL的治疗
(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
v.1. 2010 NCCN
del(17p) 难治/复发CLL的治疗策略
(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
v.1. 2010 NCCN
CHOP+美罗华(RTX)
CFAR(CTX、氟达拉滨、阿仑单抗、RTX)
HyperCVAD+美罗华(RTX)
OFAR
Ofatumumab
阿仑单抗+美罗华(RTX)
大剂量地塞米松
苯达莫司汀(Bendamustine)
一线、二线治疗建议
Foon KA,Hallek MJ. Leukemia,2010,24:500
How I treat CLL
Gribben JG. Blood,2010,115:187
Diagnosis
Symptomatic
Good performance status?
Yes
P53
del/mutation?
Yes No
Alemtuzumab
RIC allo-SCT
Clinical trial
or R-FC
Asymptomatic
Watch and wait
No
Chlorambucil or
clinical trail
How I treat AIHA in CLL
Gribben JG. Blood,2010,115:187
symptomatic CLL?
Yes
R-Fc
No
Prednisone 1 mg/kg/day
Response
Rituximab 375
mg/m2 weekly x 4
No
Add CSA
5 mg/kg/day
Maintain dose
and taper at 3 m
No response
Splenectomy
R-Fc or Alemtuzumab
No response
No
Yes
谢 谢 大 家
慢性淋巴细胞白血病的�诊断、预后与治疗
慢性淋巴细胞白血病
慢性淋巴细胞白血病:诊断
成熟表型
幻灯片编号 5
CLL积分系统
幻灯片编号 7
幻灯片编号 8
套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)与t(11;14)
慢性淋巴细胞白血病的诊断
CLL预后
CLL预后因素
CLL治疗策略
肿瘤抑制基因 p53
CLL主要发生于老年人群
大多数患者具有伴发疾病
IWCLL的CLL治疗指征(初治/复治)
幻灯片编号 18
CLL治疗策略
CLL的一线治疗
氟达拉滨 vs 烷化剂治疗CLL的Ⅲ期临床试验
苯达莫司汀 vs 瘤可宁
FC vc F治疗CLL的Ⅲ期临床试验
FC vs F在非高危CLL可改善OS�( GCLLSG CLL4 )
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F vs FC/M vs FCR方案与生存 (OS)�(MD Anderson Cancer Center)
与单用FC比较 ,�美罗华 500 mg/m2 +FC 使CR率加倍
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不同基因亚组中的完全缓解率 �(S. Stilgenbauer)
CLL的二线治疗
Phase III trial of R-FC versus FC in relapsed CLL (REACH)
REACH: Efficacy
REACH: Primary endpoint, �investigator-assessed PFS
REACH: PFS for 17p- patients
REACH: Grade 3/4 adverse events
CLL治疗策略
无del(17p) CLL治疗策略�(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
无del(17p) CLL的一线治疗策略�(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
del(17p) CLL的一线治疗策略�(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
无del(17p) 难治/复发CLL的治疗�(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
del(17p) 难治/复发CLL的治疗策略�(按先后顺序选择治疗方案)
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How I treat CLL
How I treat AIHA in CLL
谢 谢 大 家