青蒿素

nullBuilding a computer from off-the-shelf partsBuilding a computer from off-the-shelf parts ComputerNeeds: System to write documents, spreadsheets and communicateDesign: Integrated system requirementsAssemble from standard, off-the-shelf partsParts from any vendor; open source softwareDell, IBM, HP, ToshibaTechnology BaseTechnology IntegrationHard driveSound cardChassisProcessorsOp. SystemSoftwareBuilding a computer from off-the-shelf partsBuilding a computer from off-the-shelf partsKnowledge BaseFundamental knowledge to build basic computer components Parts/devices/chasses requirementsKnowledge base interdependenciesFoundational science and applied researchOther technologies: cell phoneHard driveSound cardChassisMotherboardOp. SystemSoftwareDevices from any vendor; open source softwareDell, IBM, HP, ToshibaTechnology BaseHigh-level lang.CharacterizationIndependent devicesSilicon wafer Standard connectionsTaxolTaxolSynthesis of TaxolSynthesis of Taxol Taxol synthesis plantNeeds: Chemical plant to synthesize taxolDesign: Integrated system requirementsAssemble from standard, off-the-shelf partsPurchase unit operations; from other areas of the plantOther parts of the plant; vendorsTechnology IntegrationTechnology BaseDistillationReactorsControl systemEvaporatorsPipesOther unit opsSynthesis of TaxolSynthesis of TaxolKnowledge BaseFundamental knowledge to build basic unit operations Requirements to integrate unit operationsKnowledge base interdependenciesDistillationReactorsControl systemEvaporatorsPipesOther unit opsPurchase unit operations; from other areas of the plantOther parts of the plant; vendorsTechnology BaseChemistryChemical synthesis of taxolChemical synthesis of taxolSynthesis of TaxolSynthesis of TaxolKnowledge BaseChemistryFundamental knowledge to build basic unit operations Requirements to integrate unit operationsKnowledge base interdependenciesDistillationReactorsControl systemEvaporatorsPipesOther unit opsPurchase unit operations; from other areas of the plantOther parts of the plant; vendorsTechnology BaseKinetics & Reactor designDesigning and building parts: “Parts Engineering”Designing and building parts: “Parts Engineering”Synthesis of TaxolSynthesis of TaxolMass transferKnowledge BaseProcess designChemistryStandardsFundamental knowledge to build basic unit operations Requirements to integrate unit operationsKnowledge base interdependenciesDistillationReactorsControl systemEvaporatorsPipesOther unit opsPurchase unit operations; from other areas of the plantOther parts of the plant; vendorsKinetics & Reactor designStandard interfaces between partsStandard interfaces between partsSynthesis of TaxolSynthesis of TaxolKnowledge BaseFundamental knowledge to build basic unit operations Requirements to integrate unit operationsKnowledge base interdependenciesOther engineering disciplines: mechanical engineeringConstruct other unit operationsDistillationReactorsControl systemEvaporatorsPipesOther unit opsPurchase unit operations; from other areas of the plantOther parts of the plant; vendorsMass transferProcess designChemistryStandardsKinetics & Reactor designBuilding a Taxol-synthesizing microorganismBuilding a Taxol-synthesizing microorganismSynthesis of TaxolSynthesis of Taxol Drug-producing microbeGenesNeeds: Synthesis of taxol in a microbeDesign: Integrated system requirementsEnzymesAssemble from standard, off-the-shelf partsTechnology IntegrationTechnology BaseBuilding a Taxol-synthesizing microorganismBuilding a Taxol-synthesizing microorganismbiosynthesis pathwaysSynthesis of TaxolSynthesis of Taxol Drug-producing microbeGenesNeeds: Synthesis of taxol in a microbeDesign: Integrated system requirementsEnzymesHostGen. controlPlasmidsrDNA technol.Assemble from standard, off-the-shelf partsTechnology IntegrationTechnology BaseRequest parts or hosts from your colleagues or competitorsDescribe parts in papersSynthesis of TaxolSynthesis of TaxolGeneticsBiochemistryFundamental knowledge to build biological parts, devices, and hosts ???? Requirements to integrate parts, devices, and hostsKnowledge base interdependenciesGenesEnzymesHostGen. controlPlasmidsrDNA technol.Knowledge BaseTechnology BaseBiological EngineeringGen. con.??Design????Standards????Constructing a Taxol-producing, tumor-seeking microorganismConstructing a Taxol-producing, tumor-seeking microorganism Drug-producing microbeRecognitionNeeds: Tumor-hunting microbeDesign: Integrated system requirementsEnzymesHostGen. controlSign. trans.Swarm cont.Assemble from standard, off-the-shelf partsTechnology IntegrationTechnology BaseOther applications of engineered biological systemsOther applications of engineered biological systemsInformation processing Energy production Chemical processing Materials fabrication Environmental sensing and remediation Human diagnostics and therapeuticsThe challenges in engineering biologyThe challenges in engineering biologyBiological engineering has long development times due to the lack of useful tools to reprogram living systems Most biological “parts” were developed long ago and/or without an engineering viewpoint Natural biological parts and devices often have multiple interactions with other parts/devices in the cell Biological parts have no IEEE-equivalent standard for connections Many of the “good” biological parts require expensive royalty paymentsSynthetic BiologySynthetic BiologyHow is this different from genetic engineering? Development of foundational technologies that make it easier to engineer biology. Design and construction of core components that can be used in combination reliably Tools for hiding information and managing complexity: from DNA to low-level parts to devices, systems, and applicationsPast lessons from engineeringPast lessons from engineeringTransition of physics to electrical engineering Transition of chemistry to chemical engineering Transition of mechanical crafts to mechanical engineering And so on… Synthetic biology will learn lessons from all of these paradigms.Knowledge base that has enabled other areas of engineeringKnowledge base that has enabled other areas of engineeringAbstraction Design Composability Characterization StandardizationKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge BaseTechnology BaseDevicesPartsChassesFundamental knowledge to build basic parts/tools/chasses. Parts/devices/chasses requirementsKnowledge base interdependenciesExisting parts/devices/ chassesRegistry, Open SourceAbstraction Insulate relevant characteristics from overwhelming detail Simple artifacts that can be used in combinationAbstractionKnowledge Base AbstractionKnowledge Base AbstractionDevicesPartsSystemsKnowledge Base AbstractionKnowledge Base AbstractionDevicesPartsSystemsKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge BaseTechnology BaseDevicesPartsChassesFundamental knowledge to build basic parts/tools/chasses. Parts/devices/chasses requirementsKnowledge base interdependenciesExisting parts/devices/ chassesRegistry, Open SourceDesign Models/computer algorithms for the design of new parts/devices Automation of design algorithms: user specified partsAbstractionDesign Knowledge Base DesignKnowledge Base DesignModels/computer algorithms for the design of new parts/devices Tunable interfaces: affinity modulation Orthogonal interfaces Assembly interfaces: scaffolds New catalytic function: sequence libraries for directed evolution Automation of design algorithms: user specified parts Engineered Novel Protein interfaceNew DNA specificityDesigning OrthogonalityKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge BaseTechnology BaseDevicesPartsChassesFundamental knowledge to build basic parts/tools/chasses. Parts/devices/chasses requirementsKnowledge base interdependenciesExisting parts/devices/ chassesRegistry, Open SourceComposability Rules insulating design process from details of fabrication Enable parts, device, and system designers to work togetherComposabilityAbstractionDesign Knowledge Base ComposabilityKnowledge Base ComposabilityRules insulating design process from details of fabrication Enable parts, device, and system designers to work together λ cI-857OLacRBSTLacIcIKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge BaseTechnology BaseDevicesPartsChassesFundamental knowledge to build basic parts/tools/chasses. Parts/devices/chasses requirementsKnowledge base interdependenciesExisting parts/devices/ chassesRegistry, Open SourceCharacterization Input-output characteristics of existing and new parts/devicesComposabilityCharacterizationAbstractionDesign Knowledge Base CharacterizationKnowledge Base CharacterizationInput-output characteristics of existing and new parts/devices Lac RepressorTet RepressorKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge BaseTechnology BaseDevicesPartsChassesFundamental knowledge to build basic parts/tools/chasses. Parts/devices/chasses requirementsKnowledge base interdependenciesExisting parts/devices/ chassesRegistry, Open SourceStandardization Physical Connections Functional connections Performance ComposabilityCharacterizationAbstractionDesign StandardizationEnabling off-the-shelf useKnowledge Base StandardizationKnowledge Base StandardizationKnowledge Base StandardizationKnowledge Base StandardizationPhysical Connections Functional connections PerformanceKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyKnowledge base to enable synthetic biologyComposabilityKnowledge BaseCharacterizationAbstractionDesign StandardizationTechnology BaseDevicesPartsChassesFundamental knowledge to build basic parts/devices/chasses. Parts/devices/chasses requirementsKnowledge base interdependenciesExisting parts/devices/ chassesOther resourcesRegistry, Open SourceOther usersInputs from others, Outputs to others (e.g., measurement) Request for measurement (e.g., how do you measure POPs?)