四十岁后的锻炼计划

鸭式布局的演义 Duck! Duck! Duck! The history of duck layout comments (1).Txt debut flying, please note the author QBQ-maddogchen. In addition to books and papers, part of the data cited a brick, YF23 two academic tyrants speak. A genius named Badittrich Cusiman, the pioneer and founder of modern aerodynamics, served in Nazi Germany in the early days and was carved up to Britain after the war. The EST, who wrote "aerodynamics" in 1953, is now a designated textbook for aviation professionals in higher education around the world. In the first ten years, he led the sweptwing for high-speed aircraft, the flexor flexor seaman tips, seaman fairing design concept, calculation method of wing load ratio after any aspect, this method is still now subsonic based wing design algorithm is one of the second ten years of research; a history of aviation second using flow - detached vortices, which is the basis for the development of advanced fighters until today; the last ten years, studied third hypersonic flow regimes, seaman flexion, created the concept of waverider, today's Galet and DSI is only two by inlet of the primary wave derivatives in theory. At the beginning of the 60s, the two generation fighter aerodynamic characteristics of layout design are still attached to avoid flow and restrain air separation; but for mobility requirements can be used to pursue the angle of attack increases, separation is inevitable. With close coupled canard fixed Swedish SAAB-37 fighter will vortex lift applications, to achieve control of flow separation and utilization of detached vortices has been used widely until today. The application of vortex lift fighter, mainly rely on the air flow from the vortex generator (canard strake) front separating stable vortex, high-speed rotating airflow increases the negative pressure of the wing surface, the vortex intensity increases with the increase of the angle of attack, generate vortex lift large, showed a strong obvious in the slope of the lift curve. Nonlinear. As a result, the vortex lift brings huge lift benefits, but also presents the same challenge to the fighter's control technology. From the application level of vortex lift (and also represents the level of active control), the aerodynamic level of the three generation machine can be divided into three stages. The first stage in F-15 as a typical three generation machine this early and no vortex generator, without the application of vortex lift, static layout, control augmentation; the second stage is F-16 (the first true three generation fighter) and Sue -27, with a small strake as vortex generators are the common characteristics, and began to relaxed static stability, simulation of FBW to meet the control requirements; third stages, one is to use the F/-18E/F edge and FC-1 of China, on the other hand is the use of movable canards of the European wind, typhoon, Gripen and China annihilates -10 fighter, this stage have adopted the height of static instability design and Simulation of a telex has been unable to meet the demand, digital telex become standard. In general, the greater the aerodynamic gain, the greater the degree of control difficulty and risk. In the general layout of fighter, as the pitch control surface horizontal tail generally in the tail position in many models in order to pursue the maximum control torque, but also extends to the tail nozzle, to a certain extent can be approximated that there will be no airflow through the tail of the aircraft itself impact; and the canard layout as pitch the canard wing control surfaces placed in the air before passing it to continue to participate in the whole flow field of the body, especially the canard vortex generator is also the role change of canard wing above the state directly leads to the change of eddy current system, so the effect of canard deflection on the far tail to the complex and intense. The conventional layout is not known with advantages of pneumatic control ability of vortex generator, such as the technology of movable canards movable strake closer, but because the efficiency and cost issues is not practical. More complex and dramatic impacts mean greater potential. All moving canard fighter in the canard aerodynamic theory and active control on the level of demand is far higher than that of conventional layout, including the three generation of the late large edge of general layout. This is the type of aircraft generally appear late, a good flight performance; once the use of canard all moving canard is called the three generation semi layout, if only from the pneumatic and active control technology, this is not unreasonable. Defects in duck layout. F-16 engineer witty and acerbic, often joke, such as the best duck wing is long in the people on the plane, F35 mobility stupid like a dog. The canard is intended to review the canard design and difficult to control, especially in the current canard lift enhancement and manipulation / trim are difficult to coordinate, somewhat careless will be a major problem, as long as there is enough thrust, why to pneumatic income to pay such a high risk and cost, a full support fuck? In fact, this is a typical American attitude, Americans are the world's most worry about aircraft engine thrust is not the guy, so when the F-15 on a pile of advanced technology, but only rely on low wing loading and high maneuverability to thrust up, even the leading-edge flap are free, this is the case, F-15 the speed limit is still as high as M2.5 thick. Take F-16 for example, it has a low thrust model for export, using the J79 turbojet engine, and in other areas such as aerodynamic changes, the maneuverability is appalling. This is such a big dog America and the total disregard for others' self-esteem, focus on flight performance around the thrust of the engine is enough to meet the requirements, the pneumatic line (of course, the United States dog large aerodynamic design is not necessarily even muddle along, to catch up with the others); and in the pneumatic over, will to dig up every bit of potential and then quickly, no country is naturally some engine. The United States is forced to refuse. The maximum lift coefficient increase canard fighter design by canard brought by the canard arm (canard 25% chord wing to 25% chord distance) and the mean aerodynamic chord ratio to determine the ratio of the increase is small. The reader can roughly be regarded as canard wing and wing, close to the rise of eddy current is emphatically, distance is focused on the manipulation / trim. Give 2 examples of successful coordination, one is hopeless, one is called a "return of the prodigal son, (LAVI), a lion named eagle. Israel Lawei (LAVI): Lion pneumatic, eccentric and naive, very failure. The lion has 2 fighters from around the world the one and only features, the first is the pursuit of high lift wing leading edge eddy current effect, extends to the intermediate canards below the projection, swept the second lions of the wing; the result of this combination is the manipulation of the existence of a huge problem / trim a canard, on the other hand, 10 at the trailing edge of the wing is swept back, the serious problem of the pitching moment, there are serious defects in the large angle of attack aircraft trim ability and maneuverability and transonic regional mobility, is a direct result of the project only test 80 key reasons for many times to announce the abortion of. Swedish Gripen JAS-39: at the early stage of the design scheme had abdominal intake scheme, but taking into account the light machine belly inlet 6.5 tons from the ground level empty design index near and requires highway landing capability, finally changed into both sides of intake; because of tonnage is too small, to have a certain angle on the wing however, the canard must be placed in the wing before and above the wing case, the relationship between the position of the canard wing and the space is narrow and cramped due to very bad treatment. In the early stage of the operation, there were very serious problems, even the safety of take-off and landing was the problem. The accident of rollover and breaking the landing gear occurred during the high-speed taxiing, which was inseparable from the constraints of the aerodynamic design. Finally, Americans who have mastered the technology of active aircraft control have made a careful revision of the eagle's telex software, which has made the hawk a "small country boutique". The rise of the typhoon and manipulation was adopted on the trim / division method in eddy current, 2 large movable canards placed better control effect in the distal / trim, and the middle of the canards and the wing mounted 2 small short straight fixed aerodynamic surface acts as a vortex generator, the weakening of the lift effect of eddy current up to a certain extent; that is a combination of 2 movable canards and two fixed canards. Strictly speaking, this argument is not rigorous coupling distance, it is close coupled design an extreme case choice, and the lion just instead of; in the song old paper is classified in the typhoon type close coupled canard (bet on a more profound understanding than song old people but not much the rookie, had to pull the old song here have neither learning nor skill, backing up). The overall aerodynamic shape of a gust fighter is the simplest and most beautiful of the existing canard fighters. The French in the active control technology on the way smarter than the British, two duck wing gust is uses as vortex generator in most of the time, the manipulation of the participation of small / trim is not deep, it is control of tailless delta wing inherit the mirage 2000. Hawk fighter, have difficulty finding American emperor! The United States and the United States, the United States and the United States forced cattle! F -10 fighter, the villain canard design is not like a lion and a typhoon that emphasis on one side, not so clever to bypass the problem of wind, no chance for us to help, but extremely tough choices take anti hard. A duck wing area is the largest, and is the one and only the positive lift canard design to variable camber airfoils, along the development of this design, with significant improvement in the lift coefficient at the same time, but also greatly increased the difficulty of design of vortex flow coordination and the flight control software. The duck is usually used fighter wing planform design than the sweep angle and aspect, as the canard vortex generator can generate its own relative area of 3~4 times the relative maximum lift coefficient increment, coupled with positive lift large area on the canard itself, you tell me what should be able to understand the Zhuhai air show why can push than the villain don't do a very good takeoff acceleration up. The villain / trim problem is further manipulated in the pursuit of the adjustment of the relationship between the maximum lift performance by the careful coordination of canards, wing aerodynamic and flight control to improve the solution; this is a very risky gambling behavior, of course, but also said that the canard eat very deeply results. Ah Losers are always in the wrong. 611 final design Losers are always in the wrong., this is very successful, maneuverability, agility, maneuverability and stability, high lift coefficient, accounting for all aspects of the benefits are accounted for, to avoid defects are avoided. Of course, the Typhoon fighter selection also implies another factor is the condition of the thrust is the best existing canard fighter in the large enough thrust to achieve high speed index, so it can pass high thrust low wing loading (low wing loading large wing area and can bring good ability to mount) to achieve good maneuverability, and reduced the lift coefficient index can effectively reduce aerodynamic design difficulty and risk, the typhoon can be said to be a canard in F-15. When someone talk head how advanced aerodynamic design ethos, in fact is now in the four typhoon canard fighter dynamic gains minimal models, without him, on the design of high thrust of it; if the ratio is reduced to push the typhoon and other canard fighters like... The reader... Can you imagine using two J79 F15 engine will be what kind of mobility? By buying and selling of the people, no losing business to do. The turtle and the European wood louse like a swarm of bees canard fighter is a huge advantage to the canard. These advantages not only to give up F-16 solution in the imitation wood louse three generation selection meeting choice now, f -10, will also further deepen the application to China's fourth generation fighter. What are the advantages of duck layout? What potential can be found in the evolution from the three generation to the four generation? You tell me if you want to know what, and listen to the next time decomposition.