英语三级笔译词汇

英语三级笔译词汇小集——旅游 旅游黄金周golden week for tourism 世界旅游日World Tourism Day 标准/豪华游normal/luxury tour(travel) 黄金线路/景点hot travel route/spot 出境游/国内游outbound/inbound tourism 自助游independent/do-it-yourself travel 随团旅游group travel 外滩（上海） the Bund 斜拉索桥stayed-cable bridge 新干线 “the Shinkansen, bullet train” 磁悬浮列车Maglev(train); magnetically levitated train; magnetic suspension train 轻轨light rail train 旱地滑雪场mock skiing park 风景区scenic areas 宁静环境peaceful environment 美丽景色beautiful views 如画的风景picturesque landscape 水乡泽国the water resort 独特的人文景观unique human landscape 物华天宝a land of plenty 人杰地灵rich land fostering more talents 人文山水a unique culture in a nice natural surrounding 优美的高山高原自然风光beautiful plateau natural scenery 布达拉宫the Potala Palace 出土文物unearthed cultural relics 古建筑群ancient architectural comples 古文化遗址sites of primitive cultures 北京故宫博物馆the Palace Museum 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆 Museum of the Terra-cotta Warriors 四川三星堆博物馆the Sanxingdui Museum in Sichuan 陵墓emperor’s mausoleum/tomb 古墓ancient tomb 皇城imperial city 行宫temporary imperial palace for brief stays 御花园imperial garden 颐和园the Summer Palace 蒙古包 (Mongolian) yurt 佛教建筑the Buddhist architecture 历史古迹historical sites 土特产品local specialties 星级饭店star-rated hotel 文明风景旅游示范点model civilized scenic site 国际旅游局China National Tourism Adminiatration 入境游客international tourist arrivals 旅游服务需方 business second party of tourist service 顾客 customer 旅游者 tourist 旅游散客 independent traveler 旅游团队 tour group 旅游服务供方 service supplier in tourism 旅游服务组织 service organization in tourism 旅游服务企业 enterprise of service in tourism 旅游定点企业 designated tourism enterprises 旅游服务特性 characteristics of service in tourism 旅游服务提供 service delivery in tourism 旅游服务等级 service grade in tourism 星级 star 星级评定 star-rating 旅游服务产品 product of service in tourism 观光旅游 sightseeing tour 度假旅游 vacation tour 专项旅游 specific tour 会议旅游 convention tour 奖励旅游 incentive travel 特种旅游 special interest tour 旅行社 travel service;travel agency 导游人员 tour guide 海外领队 overseas escort 旅游交通 tourist communications 旅游汽车 tourist automobile 旅游船 cruise ship 游览船 sightseeing boat;sightseeing ship 星级游船 star-rated cruise ship 旅游住宿 tourist lodging 旅游涉外饭店 hotels catering to overseas tourists 星级饭店 star-rated hotel 涉外公寓 apartment for aliens 星级公寓 star-rated apartment 涉外写字楼 office buiding for aliens 旅游餐饮 tourist catering 旅游定点餐馆 designated tourist restaurant 旅游团队餐 meals for tour group 游览地 place of sightseeing 游览区 sightseeing district 度假区 holiday resort 游览点 sightseeing spot 参观点 visiting spot 旅游购物 tourist shopping 旅游定点商店 designated tourist shop 旅游娱乐 tourist recreation 文化类旅游娱乐场所 tourist recreational spot of cultural kind 康乐类旅游娱乐场所 tourist recreational spot of health and pleasure kind 服务 service 旅游服务质量 service quality in tourism 旅游服务规范 service specification in tourism 旅游服务质量标准 standards of service quality in tourism 旅游服务质量评定 evaluation of service quality in tourism 旅游服务质量认证 validation of service quality in tourism 旅游 management of tourist safety 旅游投诉管理 handling of tourist complaint 旅游投诉 tourist complaint 旅游投诉理赔 settlement of tourist complaint 英语三级笔译词汇小集——生态旅游 世界自然遗产地World Natural Heritages site 国际生态旅游协会the International Ecotourism Society 可持续观光sustainable tourism 野生生物旅游wildlife tourism 绿色观光green tourism 适宜的旅游appropriate tourism 负责的旅游responsible tourism 自然旅游nature tourism 荒野旅游wilderness tourism 探险旅游adventure tourism 替代性旅游alternative tourism 自然假日nature vacations 研修旅游study tourism 科考旅游scientific tourism 文化旅游cultural tourism 农业旅游agro-tourism 乡村旅游rural tourism 背包游package tourism 自助游DIY tourism 团体游group/organized tourism 医疗旅游medical tourism 生态城市eco city 生态农业eco-farming 海洋生态系统marine ecosystems 沿海生态系统coastal ecosystems 河口生态系统estuarine ecosystems 岛屿生态系统island ecosystems 加强生态农业建设 Promoting the construction of ecological agriculture 经济发展与生态平衡 economic development and ecological equilibrium 生态系统的系统分析 system analysis of ecosystem 生态环境保护专项规划 Sub-plan for Environmental Protection 旖旎神奇的热带、亚热带自然景观rare tropic rain forest, special semi-tropical vies 依山傍海at the foot of hills and beside the sea 山清水秀beautiful mountains and clear waters 海上仙境a fairyland on the sea 世界文化遗产与自然遗产the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 人文历史悠久a long cultural tradition “天下第一山”the “most beautiful mountain under heaven” 山清、水秀、洞奇、石美fantastic hills, crystal-clear water, spectacular caves and picturesque rocks 龙门石窟Longmen Grottoes 上有天堂，下有苏杭。 In heaven there is the paradise, and on earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou. 桂林山水甲天下。 Gullin scenery tops/belittles those elsewhere./Guilin scenery stands out as the world’s best. 泰山之美、华山之雄、桂林之秀、黄山至多变the grandeur of Mount Tai, the steepness of Mount Hua, the elegance of Guilin, and the variety of Mount Huangshan 　　英语三级笔译词汇小集——经济 国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product) 人均国民生产总值per capita GNP 产值output value 宏观控制exercise macro-control 优化经济结构optimize the economic structure 保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth 改善经济环境improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order 非公有成分non-public sectors 发挥市场的调节作用give play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法律的杠杆economic and legal leverages 经济和市场调节相结合combine economic planning with market regulation 平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development 长三角Yangtze River delta 瓶颈制约 “bottleneck” restrictions 企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises 企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises 加速科研成果向生产力的转化facilitate a faster transition from research to actual production 科教兴国战略strategy of invigorating the country through science, technology and education 企业兼并重组annexation and reorganization of enterprises 保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life 采取市场多元化战略adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market 抓大放小invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones / focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves 出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry 垂直兼并vertical merger 国家补贴public subsidies 国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state 国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System 自主经营，自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 经济学家economist 社会主义经济 socialist economy 资本主义经济 capitalist economy 集体经济 collective economy 计划经济 planned economy 管制经济 controlled economy 农村经济 rural economics 自由经济 liberal economy 混合经济 mixed economy 政治经济学 political economy 保护主义protectionism 闭关自守autarchy 初级成分 primary sector 私营成分，私营部门 private sector 公共部门，公共成分 public sector 经济渠道 economic channels 经济平衡 economic balance 经济波动 economic fluctuation 经济衰退 economic depression 经济稳定 economic stability 经济政策 economic policy 经济复原 economic recovery 约定understanding 集中concentration 控股公司 holding company 托拉斯trust 卡特尔cartel 增长 rate of growth 经济趋势 economic trend 经济形势 economic situation 基本建设infrastructure 生活标准，生活水平 standard of living 购买力 purchasing power, buying power 短缺scarcity 停滞，萧条，不景气stagnation 不发达underdevelopment 不发达的underdeveloped 发展中的developing 英语三级笔译词汇小集（四）——历史默认分类 2010-01-20 18:15:51 阅读173 评论0 字号：大中小 订阅 支，系branch 部族，部落tribe 种族race，breed 宗族，世系lineage 门第，血统stock 贵族出身of noble birth 平民出身of humble birth 家世extraction 后裔progeny， issue 姻亲kinsmen by affinity 家谱family tree 北伐战争the Northern Expedition 新民主主义运动the Neo-Nationalist Movement 三民主义the Three People’ Principles (Nationalism, Democracy and the People’s Livelihood) put forward by Dr. Sun Yat-sen 百日维新（1898年） the One-Hundred-Day Reform 鸦片战争the Opium Wars 玛雅文化Mayan civilization 母系氏族社会matriarchal clan society 农民阶级peasantry 地主阶级 landocracy; the landlord class 资产阶级bourgeoisie; the capitalist class 民族资产阶级national bourgeoisie 小资产阶级petty bourgeoisie 中产阶级middle bourgeoisie; middle class 官僚资产阶级bureaucrat bourgeoisie 玫瑰战争the Wars of Roses 君主立宪制Consstitutional monarchy 枢密院Privy Council 诺曼征服the Norman Conquest 宪章运动the Chartist Movement 语三级笔译词汇小集（五）——贸易金融股票 招商引资attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas) 情感消费emotional consumption 大盘股 big macs, big/large-cap stock, mega-issue 上市offering, list 证交所bourse 龙头企业 corporate champion 上海证交所 Shanghai Exchange 养老基金 pension fund 共同基金 mutual fund 对冲式共同基金 hedge mutual fund 股票share 股价valuation 保险商underwriter 政府债券 government bond 储蓄帐户 saving account 股市 equity market 股东shareholder 摘牌delist 亏损企业 money-loser 存货inventory 上市公司 traded company, trading enterprise 利益相关者stakeholder 透明度transparency 微软全国广播公司 Msnbc: Microsoft national broadcast 市场经济基本 market fundamentalist 安全顾问 damage-contral machinery 有效市场 efficient market 知识产权 intellectual property 投机行为 opportunistic practice 世通公司WorldCom 行贿bribery 企业家entrepreneur 做假帐 cook the book 监管体系 regulatory system audit 审计 accounting firm 会计事务所 Great Depression 大萧条 portfolio 投资组合 money-market 短期资本市场 capitual-market 长期资本市场 volatility 波动 diversification 多元化 commodity 期货 real estate 房地产 option 期权 call option 看涨期权 put option 看跌期权 merger 并购 arbitrage 套利 Securities&Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会 dollar standard 美元本位制 flight 贬值 budget 预算 deficit 赤字 bad debt 坏帐 output 产值 macroeconomic 宏观经济 fiscal stimulus 财政刺激 a store of value 保值 transaction currency 结算货币 forward exchange 期货交易 intervention currency 干预货币 Treasury bond 财政部公债 currnt-account 经常项目 pickup in rice 物价上涨 Federal Reserve 美联储 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货紧缩 tighter credit 紧缩信贷 monetary policy 货币政策 awash in excess capacity 生产力过剩 foreigh exchange 外汇 spot transaction 即期交易 forward transaction 远期交易 option forward transaction 择期交易 swap transaction 调期交易 quote 报价 settlment and delivery 交割 buying rate 买入价 selling rate 卖出价 spread 差幅 contract at par 平价 premium 升水 discount 贴水 direct quoation method 直接报价法 indirect quoation method 间接报价法 dividend 股息 domestic currency 本币 floating rate 浮动利率 parent company 母公司 credit swap 互惠贷款 venture capital 风险资本 virtual value 虚拟价值 physical good 物质产品 abstract good 抽象产品 Patent&Trademark Office 专利与商标局 book value 帐面价值 physical capital 实际资本 IPO:initial public offering 新股首发 job machine 就业市场 welfare capitalism 福利资本主义 collective market cap 市场资本总值 golbal corporation 跨国公司 transnational status 跨国优势 transfer price 转让价格 General Accounting Office 〈美〉会计总会 consolidation 兼并 leveraged 杠杆 英语三级笔译词汇小集（六）——体育（一 全民健身运动nationwide fitness program 中超联赛cheering squad 棒球运动记者scribe 拉拉队长cher-leader, rooter king 掷钱猜先toss 运球dribble 擦网球net ball 擦边球edge ball/ touch ball 抽杀成功hit through 大满贯grand slam 大力扣杀hammer 吊球drop shot 点球penalty kick 任意球free kick 乌龙球own good 劲射power shot 第一双打first pair 第一发球权first inning 第一发球员first server 队长袖标（足球） skipper’s armband 头号种子选手No.1 seed (player); top seed 二流选手scrub/second-rater 锋利扣杀razor-sharp smash 高难度动作stunner, stunt 好出风头的运动员exhibitionist, grandstander 花样游泳water ballet 临时主教练caretaker coach 抢跑false start; beat the gun 入水时水花很少clean entry 三连冠three successive championship 险胜cliff-hanging win; narrow victory 自行车越野赛cyclo-cross 滑板车scooter 减肥体操slimnastics 日光浴室solarium 体育酒吧sports bar 申办奥运会bid for the Olympic Games 新北京，新奥运New Beijing, Great Olympics 绿色奥运，科技奥运，人文奥运green, high-tech and people-friendly Olympic Games 球场court 前锋forwards 后卫guards 中锋center 后场backcourt 前场frontcourt 得分后卫point guard 组织后卫shooting guard 大前锋power forward 小前锋small forward 篮框rim,basket 争球jump ball 攻方offense 守方defence 计时器shot clock 打成平分tie 加时赛overtime（OT） 运球dribbling 身前快速运球speed 双手交替运球crossover 身后运球behind-the-back 腿间运球between－the－leg 转身运球spin 传球pass 胸部传球chest 反弹传球bounce 过顶传球overhead 大力传球baseball－type 身后传球behind－the－back 投篮方式shooting form 直接篮下得分layup 大力灌篮the dunk shot 跳投jump shot 勾手投篮hook shot 投篮命中率field goalds（FGs） 三分球命中率3-point FGs 罚球foul shot 罚球线free throw line 篮板rebound 攻方篮板off.rebounds 守方篮板def.rebounds 助攻assists 内线得分points in paint 暂停time－out 卡位screens 人盯人men－to－ men defense 区域防守zone defense 盖帽blocking 失误turnovers 撞人犯规charging 阻挡犯规holding 推人犯规pushing 技术犯规technical offence（fouls） 常规赛regular season 季后赛playoff 游泳Swimming 游泳池swimming pool 更衣室changing room 淋浴 shower 跳台diving platform 10米跳台ten-meter platform 5米跳台five-meter platform 3米跳板three-meter springboard 1米跳板one-meter springboard 跳水池diving pool 浅水池non-swimmer's pool 深水池swimmer's pool 出发台starting block 出发起跳starting dive 水线rope with cork floats 泳道swimming lane 终点触线touching the finishing line 计时员timekeeper 救生员lifesaver, lifeguard 陆上练习land drill 蛙泳breaststroke 爬泳crawl stroke 仰泳back stroke 侧泳side stroke 蝶泳butterfly stroke 海豚式蝶泳dolphin butterfly stroke 踩水treading water 潜泳underwater swimming 人工海浪泳池swimming pool with artificial waves 人工海浪artificial waves 泳裤swimming trunks 泳衣swimsuit, swimming suit 泳帽swimming cap 比基尼泳衣bikini 比基尼乳罩bikini top 比基尼式泳裤bikini bottom 冲浪surfing 冲浪板surfboard 滑水橇water ski Words of Sports: Riding and Horse Riding 赛马 骑马riding 跑马场,赛马场racecourse, racetrack 马球jockey, polo 马球运动员rider 跳跃赛show jumping competition 障碍赛steeplechase 障碍 fence 快跑的马trotter 自行车，摩托车Words of Sports: Bicycle Motorcycle 车类运动car 自行车赛车场velodrome, cycling stadium 公路赛road race 计时赛race 追逐赛chase 摩托车motorcycle, motorbike 赛车racing car 赛车驾驶员racing driver 汽车拉力赛 rally 水上运动Words of Sports: Water Sports 游泳池swimming pool 游泳swimming 混合泳medley relay 爬泳crawl 蛙式breaststroke 仰式backstroke 自由式freestyle 蝶泳butterfly (stroke) 跳水diving competition 水球 water polo 水橇 water skiing 划船rowing 划艇canoe 赛艇boat race 游艇yacht 皮船kayak 帆船运动sailing 船外马达outboard boat 英语三级笔译词汇小集（七）——体育（二） 球类运动Games and Competitions 足球football 橄榄球rugby 篮球basketball 排球volleyball 网球tennis 垒球baseball 手球handball 曲棍球hockey 高尔夫球golf 板球cricket 冰球ice hockey 球门员goalkeeper 中线发球centre kick 球门发球goal kick 边线发球throw in, line-out 射门得分to score a goal 对方球门线后触地得分to convert a try 板球运动员batsman 击球运动员batter 单打运动员men's singles 混合双打in the mixed doubles 体育项目Individual Sports 体操gymnastics 体操器械gymnastic apparatus 单杠horizontal bar 双杠parallel bars 吊环rings 秋千trapeze 肋木wall bars 鞍马side horse, pommelled horse 举重weight-lifting 重量级weights 拳击 boxing 古典式摔跤Greece-Roman wrestling 揪钮 hold, lock 柔道judo 击剑fencing 冬季运动winter sports 滑雪 skiing 滑雪板ski 速降滑雪赛,滑降downhill race 障碍滑雪slalom 跳高滑雪比赛ski jumping competition 跳高滑雪ski jump 滑冰ice skating 花样滑冰figure skating 滑旱冰roller skating 雪橇bobsleigh, bobsled 竞技Athletics 跑race 中长跑middle-distance race 长跑运动员long-distance runner 短跑 (美作:dash) sprint 400米栏the 400 metre hurdles 马拉松marathon 十项decathlon 越野跑cross-country race 跳跃jump 跳跃运动jumping 跳高high jump 跳远 (美作:broad jump)long jump 三级跳triple jump,hop step and jump 撑竿跳pole vault 投掷throw 投掷运动throwing 推铅球putting the shot,shot put 掷铁饼throwing the discus 掷链锤throwing the hammer 掷标枪throwing the javelin 竞走 walk 网球Tennis 网球运动tennis 草地网球运动lawn tennis 草地网球场grass court 球拍racket 球拍夹racket press （球拍的）弦gut, string 触线球line ball 底线球baseline ball 边线球sideline ball 直线球straight ball 边线直线球down-the-line shot 斜线球crosscourt 高球high ball,lob 低球low ball 长球long shot 短球short shot 削球 cut 抽球smash 跃起抽球jump smash 旋转球spin 抽低球low drive 截击空中球volley 低截球low volley 深球deep ball 重球heavy ball 落网球net 平击球flat stroke 平抽球flat drive 重发球let 机会球fluke,set-up,easy 击触地球ground stroke 打出边线的球wide 高球扣杀overhead smash,overhand smash 局game 盘 set 一平fifteen all 二平thirty all 三平forty all 局末平分, 盘末平局deuce 一方得零分的一局love game 双误, 两次发球失误double fault 两跳，还击前球着地两次‘not up’ 发球线service line 前场fore court 后场back court 中点centre mark 发球员server 接球员receiver 篮球运动；篮球Basketball 篮板backboard 球场的后场backcourt 后卫backcourtman 控球ball control 背后传球behind-the-back pass 前锋cornerman 中锋center 撞人charge 胸前传球chest pass 空心球clean shot <美俚>篮球运动员cager 双方犯规double foul 运球 dribble 罚球foul shot 罚球free throw 罚球区free throw lane 罚球线free throw line 全场紧逼full-court press 投篮goal 后卫guard 打手犯规hack 英语三级笔译词汇小集（八）——农业 三高农业 “three highs”agriculture (high yield, high quality and high efficiency agriculture) 三农问题issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers 打白条issue IOU(IOU:借款、债务、由I owe you 读音缩略转移而来) 立体农业three-dimensional agriculture 农业技术合作ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation 联产承包责任制system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output; countract system with remuneration linked to output 老少边穷地区former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities, remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas 三下乡a program under which officials, doctors, scientist and college students go to the countryside to spread scientific and literacy knowledge and offer medical service to farmers 农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor (laborers) 生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture 温饱型农业subsistence agriculture 退耕还林还牧convert the land for forestry and pasture; grain for green 小农经济small-scale peasant economy; autarkical small-scale farming 效益农业profitable agriculture 鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey 草根工业grass root industry (village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wild grass) 多功能性（农业）multifuncitionality 农林间作agro-forestry 农业生态学agricultural ecology 农业增值税added value of agriculture 农产品的统购派购unified purchasing of farm produce by the state according to fixed quotes 农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor(laborers) 农垦agricultural reclamation 农转非rural residents become urban residents 土地酸化acidification 土地沙化desertification of land; desert encroachment 土地使用权land-use right 土地承包期land contract period 粮食收购部门 (government’s) grain procurement （purchasing）agencies 提高农产品收购价格the government’s increase in its procurement prices (for farm products) 按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices 粮食仓库grain depot 粮食收储企业grain collection and storage enterprise 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds 粮食销售市场grain sales market 过度开垦excess reclamation 技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers 江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 禁渔期closed fishing seasons 经济林cash tree 庄家歉收crop failure 乡统筹，村提留fees paid by farmers for overall township planning and village reserve 种植业crop farming 白色农业white agriculture; white engineering agriculture; microbiological agriculture 有机农业organic agriculture 开拓农村消费市场develop consumer markets in rural areas 取消国家对农产品的统购统销cancel the state’s monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural/products 土壤land,soil 耕地arable land, tilled land 旱田dry soil 沃土，肥沃的土壤fertile soil 腐殖质humus 水浇地irrigable land 贫瘠土壤lean soil, poor soil 荒地wasteland, barren land 草grass 草地grassland 草甸meadow 大草原prairie 牧场pasture land 休闲to lie fallow 休闲地fallow 亩茬地stubble, stubble field 稿杆straw, hay 农村人口rural population 农村迁徙rural exodus 土地改革land reform, agrarian reform 农业机械化mechanization of farming 机械化耕作mechanized farming 农场farm 奶牛场cattle farm 大农场，牧场ranch 庄园hacienda 田产holding 地块plot, parcel, lot 合作农场cooperative farm 集体农场collective farm 农村country, countryside 农民，农夫countryman 农民，农妇countrywoman 农学家agronomist 大农场主latifundium, large landed estate 农户farmer 农业工人producer 佃户settle 地主，土地拥有者landowner 外居地主absentee landlord 小农smallholder, small farmer 牧场主rancher 土地租用人tenant farmer, leaseholder 佃农sharecropper 农夫，犁田者ploughman 农场工人，农业工人farm labourers （美作：farm laborers） 农场短工farm hand 牧场工人cattle farmer 牛仔cowherd, cowboy 牧人shepherd 果农fruit grower 葡萄栽植者vinegrower 采葡萄者vintager 农业farming, husbandry 畜牧业animal husbandry, animal breeding 乳品业，乳牛业dairy farming 园艺horticulture 商品蔬菜种植业market gardening 果树栽培fruit growing 葡萄栽培vinegrowing, viticulture 油橄榄栽培olive growing 树艺arboriculture 造林学silviculture 农产品agricultural products, farm products 食品foodstuffs 乳制品dairy produce, dairy products 乳品加工业dairy industry 农事年crop year, farming year 季节season 农业市场agricultural, commodities market 牲畜livestock 英语三级笔译词汇小集（九）——工业（一）默认分类 2010-01-20 18:50:45 阅读156 评论0 字号：大中小 订阅 优化结构optimize the structure 恶性循环vicious cycle/circle 良性循环beneficent/virtuous cycle 对大中型国有企业进行公司制改革corporatize large and medium-sized State-owned (state-owned, state) enterprises 现代企业modern enterprise system; modern corporate system 股份制the joint stock system 股份合作制the joint stock cooperative system 谁控股？Who holds the controlling shares? 支持强强联合，实现优势互补support association between strong enterprises so that they can take advantage of each other’s strengths 鼓励兼并，规范破产encourage mergers and standardize bankruptcy procedures 独立核算工业企业an independent accounting unit (enterprise) 国家控股公司a state-controlled share company 控股公司a holding company 公司分离与解散separation and dissolution of a company 创业园；孵化器a high-tech business incubator; a pioneer park 企业孵化器an enterprise incubator 联合兼并conglomeration and merger of enterprises; mergers and acquisitions 树立企业良好形象foster a good and healthy company 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