元音字母在重读音节中的读音

一、   元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock  u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [ bus cup jump much lunch u在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音， 例如：June blue ruler super 1-01    特例：vague vogue range paste plague change strange taste waste ache waste scythe opaque这些单词中的th ng gu ch st qu都被看作一个整体，都被看作一个辅音字母，其中的元音字母按开音节规则发音。和以上读音现象不同的词有：tinge[i] 1-02 many[e] any[e] 1-04 English[i] pretty 1-05 policeman[i:] machine[i:] 以上这两个词源自法语，保留法语发音。fatigue[i:] 下面这两个词保留了古英语的发音 live[i] give[i] 1-07 to[u:] do[u:] movie 1-08 woman[u] wolf[u] roller[ u] colour 1-09 put[u] Bush[u] cushion[u] 二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a [ ] China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [ ] hundred student open weekend [i] chicken pocket begin children i [ ]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [ ] second tonight somebody welcome [ u] also zero photo u [ ] autumn diffcult [ju(:)] popular congratulation January 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[ ]音，也可以读作[i]音。 不符合规则的词 icon[ :] n.【电脑】代表所指谓的图像 robot[ :] n.机器人 alcohol[ :] n.酒精 aerosol n.烟，雾 phenol n.酚苯 2-11 substrate[ei] n.【生化】【半导体】基质;底物 三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a在[w]音后面 [ ] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [ ] come monkey love mother 3-01 water[ :] wane[ei] wake[ei]n 以上几个词都是开音节词 wag[æ] 3-02 ass[æ] tomato[α:] 字母a后面是字母t，不符合3-02规则。这个词也可以按1-01规则来读 tomato[t ´meitou] banana[α:] 重读音节里的字母a后面有字母n，符合3-02规则。由于重读音节里的字母a和后面的字母n并不是处在同一音节里，所以banana也可以读成[b ´nein ] 3-03 cost[ ] 3-04 colour[ ]  四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ar [α:]car farm dark sharpener ar在[w]音后面 [ :] warm quarter towards or [ :] forty morning short or在[w]音后面 [ :] word worker worse er ir ur [ :] certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的 拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ ]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 例外的词 4-03      attorney[ :] 4-04 worn[ :] sword[ :] 4-06 quarrel[ ] 按3-01规则读 surround sur-不重读 suppose sup-不重读 collect col-不重读 worry[ ] 也可以读成worry[´w ri]   五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 are [ε ] care dare hare ere [i ] here mere ire [ai ] fire hire wire ore [ :] more score before ure [ju ] pure cure 　　are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[ ]音，例如：picture pleasure　重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。 例如：parent zero story during inspiring 　某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph 不符合规则的词 5-02 there[ε ] where[ε ] 5-03 cire[s ´rei] 5-05 sure[u ] 5-06 failure 5-07 assurance 5-08 burial[´beri l] deteriorate 六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [ε ] air hair chair pair repair al [ ] small ball talk wall all [ :l] always also salt almost al在f m前 [α:] half calm au/aw [ :] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great ear [i ] hear dear near clear year [ε ] bear pear wear swear [ :] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [i ] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew [ju:]new few newspaper 在j l r s后 [u:] flew brew jewelry ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [ :] roar board door floor oi/oy [ i] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though [ ] young country enough [u:] group you soup 6-28 our [ :] course your four 6-29 [au ] our hour ours 6-30 [ :] journey 6-31 ui [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition 6-32 在j l r s后 [u:] juice fruit suit 6-33 不符合规则的词 6-01               plaid[æ] 6-06 because[ ] laugh[α:] 6-07 ea的另外两种发音 Se´attle这个词中的ea并不是个字母组合，双写辅音字母强调其前面的单个元音字母a是重读音节，而且是个闭音节。 [i ] idea really [/] beautiful 6-16 either[i:]美语发音 ei发[i:]音的例词很少。 6-20 abroad[ :] oasis[ ´eisis] oa并未构成元字组，不在同一音节。 6-26 knowledge [´n li ]长音短化现象 ou/ow的另一种发音[ :]，cough thought 七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 编 号 ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey 7-01 ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow 7-02 元音字组在非重读音节中读[ ]音或[i]。 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee 7-03 -sion -tion [ n] impression nation 7-04 -sion在元音字母后 [ n] vision decision occasion 7-05 -tion在s后 [ n] question suggestion 7-06 -sten [sn] listen 7-07 -stle [sl] whistle 7-08 -sure [ ] pleasure measure 7-09 -ture [ ] picture culture 7-10 八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 　　复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组 仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如： 　　everyday[ei] 　　handbag[æ]　　blackboard[ :] 8-01 　　有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。 其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如： 　　sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天 　　holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日 　　break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[ ] 早餐 　　cup茶杯 + board木板[ :] ＞ cupboard[ ] 碗柜 8-02 九、辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号 b [b] bike bus bag 9-01 [/] bomb tomb  9-02 c c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music 9-03 [s] face decide cinema 9-04 ch [ ] much chick rich teacher 9-05 [k] school headache chemistry 9-06 [ ] machine Chicago 9-07 -ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08 d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09 -dge [ ] bridge fridge 9-10 dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11 f [f] five four breakfast 9-12 g g在e i/y前 [ ] bag gardon go 9-13 [ ] orange large German 9-14 gh [f] cough enough 9-15 [/] light daughter high 9-16 gu- -gue [ ] guess league dialogue guitar 9-17 [ w] language anguish 9-18 h [h] hot head house hand 9-19 [/] hour honest 9-20 j [ ] jeep jar joke join July 9-21 k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22 kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23 l [l] life milk school tall 9-24 m [m] monkey come autumn 9-25 -mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26 n n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note 9-27 [ ] uncle thank hungry 9-28 -ng [ ] morning young wrong 9-29 p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30 ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31 q [k] Iraq 9-32 qu- [kw] quality quite 9-33 r [r] red rubber ruler 9-34 s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk 9-35 [z] music husband 9-36 sc- [sk] scarlet 9-37 [s] muscle science 9-38 sh [ ] she fish shirt wash 9-39 t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet 9-40 [ ] patient nation 9-41 tch [ ] watch 9-42 th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method 9-43 [ ] the these with than 9-44 [ ] clothe father weather 9-45 tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46 v [v] very voice love leave 9-47 w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48 [/] answer two 9-49 wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why 9-50 [h] who whose whole 9-51 x 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise 9-52 [gz] examle exist exact 9-53 wr- [r] write 9-54 y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55 z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56 不符合规则的词 9-13 get girl give gird girder girdle gink gimp gimme 9-14 和字母k一样，g在字母n前面通常不发音，也可把gn-看成一个辅字组： gnarl gnar gnash gnat gnathic gnathism gnaw gnome gnomic gnu 单词字母g也有不发音的现象： diaphragm 9-56 seizure[ ] 十、英语语音名词解释 1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ ] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。 0-01 2．音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。 例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 　　　短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02 3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 0-03 4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse. 0-04 5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup 0-05 6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如： a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor 0-06 7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如：´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion 词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien´tific im´pression ´nation 0-07 不符合规则的词 10-1               every 从拼写形式上看有三个元字组，但从读音上看只有两个元音，故这个词只有两个音节。中间一个字母e不发音，该词的音节划分方式为eve-ry。 10-2 celebrate(cel-e-brate) 划分音节时不能把字组拆分到两个音节中去（chil-dren)；br pr bl pl等辅音连缀有时要当作字组来对待，即具有不可分割性；有时又要考虑到词的来源或其他原因而不被当作字组来对待（ward-room、Feb-ru-ar-y)。 10-7           Catholic rhetoric 字母、字组和字群 字母指的是二十六个字母。字母是构成英文书写的最小单位，英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不存在对应关系。 字组指的是一个或几个字母在起，发一个共同的音素。字组是英语单词发音的基本单位，通常一个字组对应该一个音素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两种。 字群是指几个字组在同一个音节里发两个以上的音素。（如：-tion -sion -sten -stle -ought) 为什么要在字母的基础上引入字组的概念呢？ 从书写形式上看，英文是由一个一个的字母构成的，但每一个字母并不一定对应一个音素，倒是每一个字组对应着一个音素。英语是一种拼音文字，经过一段时间的学习，许多人会“悟”出一些英语单词读音和字组之间的这种一对一的关系，从“单个字母拼合单词”的识记的方式，过渡到“在字组的基础上识记单词”，并“悟”出一些拼读规律。学习者为这个“悟”字付出了太长的时间。 所以学习英语应该尽早识记字组，即三十多个元字组，和三十多个辅字组，以字组为基本单位本记忆单词。 在六七十个字组的基础上识记单词，远比在在二十六个字母的基础上识记单词的效率高、速度快，记忆时间长，可以在很大程度上降低识记英语单词的难度。 元字组 在《英语单词拼读规则表》中，元字组指的是：元音字母和元音字组。 元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少，但出现的频率高。 元音字组由两个或三个元音字母组合而成，少数几个辅音字母（r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。 1 元音: 1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2) [i] 发音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [] 发音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) [e] 字母组合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ε] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china 　　　men listen famulus Saturday 7) [a:] 字母组合 ar 　a car farm card arm garden 　　　　fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [] 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus 　　come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish 　　　　blood flood 9) []字母组合 al or au our ar small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn 　　　　four mourn court bought 　warm quarrel quarter 10) [] 发音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash 11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full 12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o look good foot book should could put full bull pull push women whose 13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) [ai] 发音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high 　　my try fly eye 15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) [εu] 发音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost 　 know low below grow blow show flow 　　boat coat goal 17) [] 字母组合oy oi boy toy joy 　　　　oil soil voice choice 18) [iε] 字母组合 eer beer deer ear idea near here fierce 19) [] 字母组合ear air pear bear chair air fair care there where 20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower 2 容易混淆的元音 [A] [e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei] real rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai] bet bite red write said side head hide [aU] [R：] house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [Q] found fond down done gown gone town ton 3辅音 1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) [b] book big boot bike bread break 3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x) school schedule schema (字母组合ch) 6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language 7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb 8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening 10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) [r] read red right run room write 12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) [v] very evening even every voice vest of 14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c) licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) [T] that this those these though 18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) [V] pleasure 20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who 21) [w] when what where window wind wood 22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的辅音 [v] [w] 　　vest west vet wet vine wine very well [s] [W] 　　sink think mass math miss myth sort sought [z] [T] 　　close cloth breeze breathe [n] [N] 　　thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 添加一点: 9) []字母组合 al or au our ar aw small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn 　　　four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 　　　draw saw flaw 23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch） catch watch match （字母组合tch) 5 字母，组合音节发音规律 1）a [ei] [?] [[] [a:] [R] late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father 　　　wash what watch want 2）e [i:] [e] [i] [[] 不发音 appreciate extremely secret she me he 　　　letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore 　　problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture 3）i [ai] [i] high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit 4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R] lode host cold note okay old home 　　lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company 　　today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[] university refuse unique universe huge 　　put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble 　　　　support suggest 6）c [k] [s] country camp camera courage cable 　　　city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g [g] [dV] [N] girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym 　　long song sing morning evening 8) l [l] 读音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n [n] [N] moon night noodle number 　　　　uncle hungry angry young 10) r [r] [[](美语发音) right read write grade progress 　　　card board door floor form north 11）y [j] [i] [ai] yellow year yell young yolk 　　　　university country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar [a:] [[] [R:] farm card garden mark 　　　　dollar 　　　warm quarrel quarter 13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[] cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather 　　　great break 　　idea realize 14) ear [[:] [i[] learn earth earn heard 　　　hear near clear ear fear 15) er [[:] [[] [i[] deserve serve her person 　　　teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [i[] [Z[] here mere fere sere 　　　there 17) ir [[:] [ai] 　　shirt girl skirt 　　　admire desire 18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:] room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book 　　blood flood 　　door floor 19) or [ R:] [[:] [[] short form corn born for 　　work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ R:] [J[] door floor 　　moor poor boor 21) our [J[] [R:] hour tour flour bourn lour 　　　　pour court four mourn 22) ou [au] [Q] [[] house mouth mouse sound found 　　　enough trouble touch delicious gracious prosperous 23) ow [[J] [au] window meadow know show low 　　　　now town how down cow 24) se [z] [s] nose suppose gose lose pose rose 　　　　mouse house 25) th [W] [T] thank think thought cloth 　　　　clothes that this then than 26) sion [F[n] [V[n] propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常见) station nation translation attention question