四级真题

四级真测试 请填入完成测试的时间 分钟 退 出 按start按钮开始考试 窗体顶端 Part 2.Reading Comprehension( 35 minutes ) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and then click the corresponding letter beside the four choices provided below. Passage 1:      Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea.”      Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go sea to further his work.      For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.      It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging, voyages during which soundings(测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.      The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.      Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of smaples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. 21 . The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ______.     A.an academic aspect     B.a military aspect     C.a business aspect     D.an international aspect 22 . It was ______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.     A.the American Navy     B.some early intercontinental travellers     C.those who earned a living from the sea     D.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable 23 . The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ______ .     A.to make some sounding experiments in the oceans     B.to collect samples to sea plants and animals     C.to estimate the length of cable that was needed     D.to measure the depths of the two oceans 24 . “Defied”in the 5th paragraph probably means“______”.     A.doubted     B.gave proof to     C.challenged     D.agreed to 25 . This passage is mainly about ______.     A.the beginnings of oceanography     B.the laying of the first undersea cable     C.the investigation of ocean depths     D.the early intercontinental communicaions Passage 2:      Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regualr practice.      For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organisations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career. 26 . Normally a student would at least attend ______ classes each week.     A. 36     B.12     C.20     D.15 27 . According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ______.     A. to live in a different university     B.to take a particular course in a different university     C.to live at home and drive to classes     D.to get two degrees from two different universities 28 . American university students are usually under pressure of work because ______.     A. their academic performance will affect their future careers     B.they are heavily involved in student affairs     C.they have to observe university discipline     D.they want to run for positions of authority 29 . Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organisations probably because ______.     A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study     B.they will then be able to stay longer in the university     C.such positions help them get better jobs     D.such positions are usually well paid 30 . The student organisations seem to be effective in ______.     A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university     B.ensuring that the students observe university regulations     C.evaluating students' performance by bringing them before a court     D.keeping up the students' enthusiasm for social activities Passage 3:      Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.      During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're “hot”. That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语) as:“Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.      You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract(对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam(鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.      Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours. 31 . If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ______.     A.he is a lazy person     B.he refuses to follow his own energy cycle     C.he is not sure when his energy is low     D.he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening 32 . Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?     A.Unawareness of energy cycles.     B.Familiar monologues.     C.A change in a family member's energy cycle.     D.Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members. 33 . If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ______.     A.change his energy cycle     B.overcome his laziness     C.get up earlier than usual     D.go to bed earlier 34 . You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ______.     A.help to keep your energy for the day's work     B.help you to control your temper early in the day     C.enable you to concentrate on your routine work     D.keep your energy cycle under control all day 35 . Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?     A.Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.     B.Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.     C.Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.     D.Children have energy cycles, too. Passage 4:      We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disavavntages in streaming(把…按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!      Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectural ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our puils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.      In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.      Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal. 36 . In the passage the author's attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching”is ______.     A.critical     B.questioning     C.approving     D.objective 37 . By “held back”(Line 1) the author means “______”.     A.made to remain in the same classes     B.forced to study in the lower classes     C.drawn to their studies     D.prevented from advancing 38 . The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's ______.     A.personal qualities and social skills     B.total personality     C.learning ability and communicative skills     D.intellectual ability 39 . Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?     A.Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.     B.Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.     C.Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.     D.Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activites. 40 . The author's purpose in writing this passage is to ______.     A.argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class     B.recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities     C.offer advice on the proper use of the library     D.emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching Part 3.Vocabulary and Structure( 35 minutes ) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then click the corresponding letter beside the choices provided below. 41 . The bridge was named ______ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.     after     with     by     from 42 . There were no tickets ______ for Friday's performance.     preferable     considerable     possible     available 43 . It wasn't such a good dinner ______ she had promised us.     that     which     as     what 44 . They decided to chase the cow away ______ it did more damage.     unless     until     before     although 45 . ______ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.     Each     Any     Either     One 46 . All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.     what is needed     for our needs     the thing needed     that is needed 47 . ______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.     When compared     Compare     While comparing     Comparing 48 . ______ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.     That was from Stephen     It was Stephen whom     It was from Stephen that     It was Stephen that 49 . If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller ______.     suit     set     one     pair 50 . Many new ______ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.     opportunities     necessities     realities     probabilities 51 . He must have had an accident, or he ______ then.     would have been here     had to be here     should be here     would be here 52 . It was essential that the application forms ______ back before the deadline(截止日期).     must be sent     would be sent     be sent     were sent 53 . We ______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.     just have had     have just had     just had     had just had 54 . The rain was heavy and ______ the land was flooded.     consequently     continuously     constantly     consistently 55 . The children went there to watch the iron tower ______.     to erect     be erected     erecting     being erected 56 . The engine ______ smoke and steam.     gives up     gives in     gives away     gives off 57 . The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.     to be informed     on informing     informed     informing 58 . Don't ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.     release     relieve     relate     retain 59 . She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.     or she ever did     nor did she ever     or did she ever     nor she ever did 60 . The goals ______ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.     after which     for which     with which     at which 61 . I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighbourhood.     all in all     above all     after all     over all 62 . ______ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.     For now     Now that      Ever since     By now 63 . What you have done is ______ the doctor's orders.     attached to     responsible to     resistant to     contrary to 64 . John regretted ______ to the meeting last week.     not going     not to go     not having been going     not to be going 65 . They ______ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.     carried out     carried off     carried on     carried forward 66 . Mrs. Brown is supposed ______ for Italy last week.     to have left     to be leaving     to leave     to have been left 67 . My camera can be ______ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.     treated     adjusted     adopted     remedied 68 . A new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.     working out     having worked out     having been worked out     to have been worked out 69 . Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ______.     hurt     damaged     spoiled     harmed 70 . When Mr. Jones gets old, he will ______ over his business to his son.     take     hand     think     get Part 4.Cloze Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with 20 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then click the corresponding letter beside the choices provided below.     The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.__71__ these wide modern roads are generally __72__ and well maintained, with __73__ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most __75__ one. Large highways often pass __76__ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore,these highways generally __77__ large urban centres which means that they become crowded with __78__ traffic during rush hours, __79__ the“fast,direct”way becomes a very slow route.      However,there is __80__ always another route to take __81__ you are not in a hurry.Not far from the __82__ new "surperhighways",there are often older,__83__ heavily travelled roads which go through the countryside. __84__ of these are good two-lane(双车道)roads; others are uneven roads __85__ through the country.These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high __86__,or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys.Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go to places __88__ the air is clean and the scenery(风景)is beautiful,and the driver may have a __89__ to get a fresh,clean __90__ of the world. 71. A.Although B.Since C.Because D.Therefore 72. A.stable B.splendid C.smooth D.complicated 73. A.little B.few C.much D.many 74. A.selections B.separations C.series D.sections 75. A.terrible B.possible C.enjoyable D.porfitable 76. A.to B.into C.over D.by 77. A.lead B.connect C.collect D.communicate 78. A.large B.fast C.light D.heavy 79. A.when B.for C.but D.that 80. A.yet B.still C.almost D.quite 81. A.unless B.if C.as D.since 82. A.relatively B.regularly C.respectively D.reasonably 83. A.and B.less C.more D.or 84. A.All B.Several C.Lots D.Some 85. A.driving B.crossing C.curving D.travelling 86. A.rocks B.cliffs C.roads D.paths 87. A.lying B.laying C.laid D.lied 88. A.there B.when C.which D.where 89. A.space B.period C.chance D.spot 90. A.view B.variety C.visit D.virtue Part 5.Writing( 30 minutes ) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No Power in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.      What Would Happen If There Were No Power     1. Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life.______     __________________________________________________     __________________________________________________     _________________________     2. If there were no electric power, ______________     __________________________________________________     ____