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电动机车 (1)

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电动机车 (1) 20 10 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering Research on Development of Electric Vehicles in China Ping Guo and Peng Liu College of Economics & Management Weifang University Weifang, Shandong, China Guoping436@...
电动机车 (1)
20 10 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering Research on Development of Electric Vehicles in China Ping Guo and Peng Liu College of Economics & Management Weifang University Weifang, Shandong, China Guoping436@163.com Abstract - In the present, more rand more concerns have been paid to the world energy conservation and environmental protection, therefore, the development of electric vehicles are speeding up. Electric vehicles have good environmental protection performance and can taking many kinds of energy as power the prominent characteristic, and electric vehicles are considered as green transportation for the 21st century. Automotive manufacturers, governments, and environmental organizations are taking more and more care about the electric vehicle. As zero emission vehicles (ZEV), electric vehicles can radically decrease vehicles exhausting pollution to improve air environment and adjust the energy structure. So, the author assumes that electric vehicles should be developed vigorously in our country. This paper first introduces the development of the electric vehicles as well as the necessity to develop electric vehicles in China. Then the paper puts forth suggestions for China to develop electric vehicles and the countermeasures during the implementation. Index Terms - Electric vehicles. Development. Environment. Strategy. I. INTRODUCTION With the fast development of automobile industry and the increasing car ownership, environmental pollution, energy source shortage, resource exhausted and other issues arising from automobile industry have been given more and more attention all over the world. In order to protect the human living environment and secure our energy supplies, governments invest lots of manpower and material resources to find ways to solve these problems. Electric vehicles (EV) have such prominent advantages as high efficiency, lower energy, low noise, zero emissions, so EV have become the human energy and environmental pressures to solve the most effective way. All or part of the EV are driven by the electric motor as a dynamic system of vehicles, in accordance with the current development orientation or the vehicles driving principle, EV can be divided into pure battery EV, hybrid EV and fuel cell EV of three types. II. THE DEVELOPMENT HISTORY OF EV Currently, the world-famous automotive manufactures attach more importance to develop EV. To promote the development of EV, developed countries are more willing to invest heavily in research and development. Because the performance and price of battery of pure battery EV have been failed to achieve any major breakthrough, and have not achieved the intended purpose. Hybrid EV because of its 978-1-4244-9088-2/1 0/$26.00 ©20 10 IEEE 94 superiority in low cost and better driving performance is widely recognized. Prius and Insight, two hybrid EV have been begun the sales of throw on the market, which developed by Toyota Corporation and Honda. In 1993, the u.s. Department of Energy and " Big Three" automakers ­ General Motors, Ford and Chrysler, signed a contract to develop hybrid EV, a period of 5 years of research and development work has been obtain level sex positive resultinitial results. In the fuel cell EV, the foreign business community set up transnational strategic alliances. For example Toyota and General Motors, Japanese Toshiba Corporation and American International Fuel Cells, German companies BMW and Siemens, Renault and the Italian company De Nora had been founded to alliances. Our EV industry has been under way in order. The "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, Ministry of Science and Technology listed program in "major Sci-Tech industrialized project" , which invested nearly 1 billion yuan. In 2001, national "863 Program" had been set up a EV major project, which invested nearly 9 billion yuan. In 2003, the research topic of model run had been launched, Beijing, Wuhan, Tianjin, Weihai were listed as the first model city. Now our EV research and development is carried out, some domestic companies are enthusiastic to participate in research and development of EV. III. THE DEMAND ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'sEV With the continuous rapid economic development and the approaching of cars entering families, an increasing possession quantity of mobile vehicles are being achieved rapidly in our country. Currently, the number of motor vehicles maintain capacity of 1.92 billion in China, vehicles exhaust emiSSIOns have become one of important environmental problems faced by many big cities in the world. Additionally, petroleum resources in China are relatively poor, domestic petroleum production can not meet with the demands. To 1993, china already turned oil into only import country via exporting a nation completely by oil. So, the development of China auto is impossible to achieve sustainable development, which rely on oil imports. Therefore, whether based on environmental protection or other reasons like improving the energy structure, China should advance the development of EV vigorously. A. Demand for environment With the high-speed development of Chinese social economy nowadays, environmental pollution has been the FITME2010 most important problem that restricts economy development and affects human health and survival. In the last 20 years, various pollutions are affecting the air condition of our country, among them, cities are the main producers of air pollution. According to the results of much research, vehicular exhaust is the main source of the air pollution in big cities and it directly leads to the deterioration of air quality in streets. Therefore, disposing moter vehicle pollution is one of main tasks that improve urban air quality. EV use electric energy from the battery as power, when the EV are running, it almost have no emissions, and it cut the emissions by up to 92%. EV are the favored "zero pollution" car, the advent of EV provides a new way to solve the environmental pollution. B. Demand for energy restructuring Due to the impact of two oil crises, people gradually realized that the petroleum is taking the non-renewable resources, its storage capacity is reducing day by day. The formation of a potential energy crisis has threatened the sustainable development of human society. As an important means of transport vehicles, if left oil, would be crippled completely. It is possible to coal, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, ocean, plants directly into electricity, and electricity is one of the higher energy utilization efficiency, which makes the electric-drive vehicles become an important direction of the automobile industry. China is a country which short of oil, large reserves of resources per capita below the world average level, has become one of the world's major oil-importing countries. With the increasing number of vehicles in China, it is predicted that number of automobiles owned by china in the next few years will surpass Japan, and china will become the second largest car owner. In conclusion, developing new power auto and changing the energy consumption structure of auto has great realistic meanings. C. The demand for high-tech industry The development of EV involved chemical, machinery, new materials, microelectronics, power electronics, automatic control, new power-supply, and many other industries. The development of EV will provide needs and motivation to the development of relevant new and high technology industry. It also bring light materials, efficient battery, reservoir capacitance and other related industries, and improve energy use efficiency. China lagged behind Western countries in the traditional auto industry for several decades. There is no independent knowledge property right system in auto industry. On the contrary, in the field of high-tech automotive, the gap between China and developed countries is less than 5 years. Some enterprises in China have been launched model EV and electric concept car in the late 90's, and January 28, 2003, the fuel cell bus trial run successful the first time. Therefore, China should follow the current development trend. In order to realize the technology development by leaps of automobile industry, EV is taken as the entry point of the automobile industry in the 21 st century in China. IV. PROBLEMS IN EV DEVELOPMENT 95 A. Institution and mechanism Technological innovation must be taken enterprise as subject. Presently, because of insufficient input and lacking talent in our country enterprise, enterprise-centered innovation system haven't been formed totally. In the previous industry­ university-research cooperation, the companies are in a passive position of accepting outcomes. Through all-around strategic cooperation, the establishment of a new enterprise­ oriented industry-university-research alliance can be promote an enterprise own innovation capability effectively. B. Human resource issues At present, there is insufficient high-tech and serious brain drain in automobile enterprises. EV technology will be the direction in the future, technological innovation must be people-oriented. Building EV engineering center will not only gather thefirst-class talent at home and abroad, but also use the features and advantages of industry-university-research alliance to train a large number of advanced technical and management personnel for enterprise. C. The probloms of development platform technique Automobile is technology-intensive high-tech products high-tech-intensive, which technology and market competition of en required relying on vehicle wind tunnel, proving ground, electromagnetic compatibility and experiment system of crashworthiness and other strong support of major technology development platform. At present, construction of this field in China can not satisfY technology research and development. National Quality Supervision and Testing Center of automobile (Shanghai), Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive Proving Ground, New Energy Automotive Engineering center of Tongji University, Shanghai ground transportation wind tunnel and other have been forming technology development platform for the automotive, which has significant features of device complementary and can realise integration of sharing resources and utility maximization. D. The key technologies Commercialization operating of EV still have some key technological hurdles, including lower cost technologies, high reliability and durability technology, strong environmental adaptability technology, the service life of key assembly, electrical safety and hydrogen safety technology. Therefore, it becomes imperative to focus the superior force on making breakthroughs in key technologies and speeding up the process of EV industry. E. Irifrastructure problems As the government macroeconomic regulation and control, rational use of tax and industrial policy can stimulate the development of EV. In the industrial policy and regional policy, taking industry tilts and regional tilt, depending on the region's resources, humanity and geographical advantages, gradually form a reasonable EV industrial layout to realize the integrated collection of both regional policy and industrial policy. Ultimately promote the development of EV industry. On the consumption policy, utilizing the policies of reduction in consumption taxes or use of electric vehicles to consumers on the purchase of the consumption tax to reduce or completely abandoning other taxes for EV consumers. By this measure, it must be stimulated consumers to purchase EV, which leads to grow EV market share. It does not lead to economic loss of government. This is because when the low­ emission hybrid vehicles are widely used, the capital investment on air pollution control will be substantial reduced. REFERENCES [1] Li-jun Qian, Han Zhao and Li-xin Gao, "On the key technologies and technology route of electric vehicle development," Journal of Hefei University of Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 14-18, February 2002(In Chinese). [2] Zhi-bing Yu, "Research Status and Development Discussion of Electric Vehicles," Journal of Shaoguan University, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 48-51, March 2004(In Chinese). [3] Qing Zhao, Yan-liang Xu and Zhong-liang An, "Development of electric vehicles and environmental protection," Journal of Shenyang University of Technology, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 430-432, October 2000(In Chinese). [4] Qiang Xie and Si-zhong Chen, "Key Techniques and Prospects of Developing Electric Vehicles," Bus Technology and Research, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1-2, April 2003 (In Chinese). [5] Hella Engerer and Manfred Hom, "Natural gas vehicles: An option for Europe," Energy Policy, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 1017-1029, February 2010. [6] Keating and Michael, "Banner year for electric-vehicle maker," Government Product News, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 30, March 2009. 96
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