20 10 International Conference on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering
Research on Development of Electric Vehicles in China
Ping Guo and Peng Liu
College of Economics & Management
Weifang University
Weifang, Shandong, China
Guoping436@163.com
Abstract - In the present, more rand more concerns have
been paid to the world energy conservation and environmental
protection, therefore, the development of electric vehicles are
speeding up. Electric vehicles have good environmental
protection performance and can taking many kinds of energy as
power the prominent characteristic, and electric vehicles are
considered as green transportation for the 21st century.
Automotive manufacturers, governments, and environmental
organizations are taking more and more care about the electric
vehicle. As zero emission vehicles (ZEV), electric vehicles can
radically decrease vehicles exhausting pollution to improve air
environment and adjust the energy structure. So, the author
assumes that electric vehicles should be developed vigorously in
our country. This paper first introduces the development of the
electric vehicles as well as the necessity to develop electric
vehicles in China. Then the paper puts forth suggestions for
China to develop electric vehicles and the countermeasures
during the implementation.
Index Terms - Electric vehicles. Development. Environment.
Strategy.
I. INTRODUCTION
With the fast development of automobile industry and the
increasing car ownership, environmental pollution, energy
source shortage, resource exhausted and other issues arising
from automobile industry have been given more and more
attention all over the world. In order to protect the human
living environment and secure our energy supplies,
governments invest lots of manpower and material resources
to find ways to solve these problems. Electric vehicles (EV)
have such prominent advantages as high efficiency, lower
energy, low noise, zero emissions, so EV have become the
human energy and environmental pressures to solve the most
effective way.
All or part of the EV are driven by the electric motor as a
dynamic system of vehicles, in accordance with the current
development orientation or the vehicles driving principle, EV
can be divided into pure battery EV, hybrid EV and fuel cell
EV of three types.
II. THE DEVELOPMENT HISTORY OF EV
Currently, the world-famous automotive manufactures
attach more importance to develop EV. To promote the
development of EV, developed countries are more willing to
invest heavily in research and development. Because the
performance and price of battery of pure battery EV have been
failed to achieve any major breakthrough, and have not
achieved the intended purpose. Hybrid EV because of its
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superiority in low cost and better driving performance is
widely recognized. Prius and Insight, two hybrid EV have
been begun the sales of throw on the market, which developed
by Toyota Corporation and Honda. In 1993, the u.s.
Department of Energy and " Big Three" automakers
General Motors, Ford and Chrysler, signed a contract to
develop hybrid EV, a period of 5 years of research and
development work has been obtain level sex positive
resultinitial results. In the fuel cell EV, the foreign business
community set up transnational strategic alliances. For
example Toyota and General Motors, Japanese Toshiba
Corporation and American International Fuel Cells, German
companies BMW and Siemens, Renault and the Italian
company De Nora had been founded to alliances.
Our EV industry has been under way in order. The
"Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, Ministry of Science and
Technology listed program in "major Sci-Tech industrialized
project" , which invested nearly 1 billion yuan. In 2001,
national "863 Program" had been set up a EV major project,
which invested nearly 9 billion yuan. In 2003, the research
topic of model run had been launched, Beijing, Wuhan,
Tianjin, Weihai were listed as the first model city. Now our
EV research and development is carried out, some domestic
companies are enthusiastic to participate in research and
development of EV.
III. THE DEMAND ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CHINA'sEV
With the continuous rapid economic development and
the approaching of cars entering families, an increasing
possession quantity of mobile vehicles are being achieved
rapidly in our country. Currently, the number of motor
vehicles maintain capacity of 1.92 billion in China, vehicles
exhaust emiSSIOns have become one of important
environmental problems faced by many big cities in the world.
Additionally, petroleum resources in China are relatively poor,
domestic petroleum production can not meet with the
demands. To 1993, china already turned oil into only import
country via exporting a nation completely by oil.
So, the development of China auto is impossible to
achieve sustainable development, which rely on oil imports.
Therefore, whether based on environmental protection or
other reasons like improving the energy structure, China
should advance the development of EV vigorously.
A. Demand for environment
With the high-speed development of Chinese social
economy nowadays, environmental pollution has been the
FITME2010
most important problem that restricts economy development
and affects human health and survival. In the last 20 years,
various pollutions are affecting the air condition of our
country, among them, cities are the main producers of air
pollution. According to the results of much research, vehicular
exhaust is the main source of the air pollution in big cities and
it directly leads to the deterioration of air quality in streets.
Therefore, disposing moter vehicle pollution is one of main
tasks that improve urban air quality. EV use electric energy
from the battery as power, when the EV are running, it almost
have no emissions, and it cut the emissions by up to 92%. EV
are the favored "zero pollution" car, the advent of EV
provides a new way to solve the environmental pollution.
B. Demand for energy restructuring
Due to the impact of two oil crises, people gradually
realized that the petroleum is taking the non-renewable
resources, its storage capacity is reducing day by day. The
formation of a potential energy crisis has threatened the
sustainable development of human society. As an important
means of transport vehicles, if left oil, would be crippled
completely. It is possible to coal, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar,
ocean, plants directly into electricity, and electricity is one of
the higher energy utilization efficiency, which makes the
electric-drive vehicles become an important direction of the
automobile industry. China is a country which short of oil,
large reserves of resources per capita below the world average
level, has become one of the world's major oil-importing
countries. With the increasing number of vehicles in China, it
is predicted that number of automobiles owned by china in the
next few years will surpass Japan, and china will become the
second largest car owner. In conclusion, developing new
power auto and changing the energy consumption structure of
auto has great realistic meanings.
C. The demand for high-tech industry
The development of EV involved chemical, machinery,
new materials, microelectronics, power electronics, automatic
control, new power-supply, and many other industries. The
development of EV will provide needs and motivation to the
development of relevant new and high technology industry. It
also bring light materials, efficient battery, reservoir
capacitance and other related industries, and improve energy
use efficiency.
China lagged behind Western countries in the traditional
auto industry for several decades. There is no independent
knowledge property right system in auto industry. On the
contrary, in the field of high-tech automotive, the gap between
China and developed countries is less than 5 years. Some
enterprises in China have been launched model EV and
electric concept car in the late 90's, and January 28, 2003, the
fuel cell bus trial run successful the first time. Therefore,
China should follow the current development trend. In order
to realize the technology development by leaps of automobile
industry, EV is taken as the entry point of the automobile
industry in the 21 st century in China.
IV. PROBLEMS IN EV DEVELOPMENT
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A. Institution and mechanism
Technological innovation must be taken enterprise as
subject. Presently, because of insufficient input and lacking
talent in our country enterprise, enterprise-centered innovation
system haven't been formed totally. In the previous industry
university-research cooperation, the companies are in a
passive position of accepting outcomes. Through all-around
strategic cooperation, the establishment of a new enterprise
oriented industry-university-research alliance can be promote
an enterprise own innovation capability effectively.
B. Human resource issues
At present, there is insufficient high-tech and serious
brain drain in automobile enterprises. EV technology will be
the direction in the future, technological innovation must be
people-oriented. Building EV engineering center will not only
gather thefirst-class talent at home and abroad, but also use
the features and advantages of industry-university-research
alliance to train a large number of advanced technical and
management personnel for enterprise.
C. The probloms of development platform technique
Automobile is technology-intensive high-tech products
high-tech-intensive, which technology and market competition
of en required relying on vehicle wind tunnel, proving ground,
electromagnetic compatibility and experiment system of
crashworthiness and other strong support of major technology
development platform. At present, construction of this field in
China can not satisfY technology research and development.
National Quality Supervision and Testing Center of
automobile (Shanghai), Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive
Proving Ground, New Energy Automotive Engineering center
of Tongji University, Shanghai ground transportation wind
tunnel and other have been forming technology development
platform for the automotive, which has significant features of
device complementary and can realise integration of sharing
resources and utility maximization.
D. The key technologies
Commercialization operating of EV still have some key
technological hurdles, including lower cost technologies, high
reliability and durability technology, strong environmental
adaptability technology, the service life of key assembly,
electrical safety and hydrogen safety technology. Therefore, it
becomes imperative to focus the superior force on making
breakthroughs in key technologies and speeding up the
process of EV industry.
E. Irifrastructure problems
As the government macroeconomic regulation and
control, rational use of tax and industrial policy can stimulate
the development of EV. In the industrial policy and regional
policy, taking industry tilts and regional tilt, depending on the
region's resources, humanity and geographical advantages,
gradually form a reasonable EV industrial layout to realize the
integrated collection of both regional policy and industrial
policy. Ultimately promote the development of EV industry.
On the consumption policy, utilizing the policies of reduction
in consumption taxes or use of electric vehicles to consumers
on the purchase of the consumption tax to reduce or
completely abandoning other taxes for EV consumers. By this
measure, it must be stimulated consumers to purchase EV,
which leads to grow EV market share. It does not lead to
economic loss of government. This is because when the low
emission hybrid vehicles are widely used, the capital
investment on air pollution control will be substantial reduced.
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