广东外语外贸大学2004年研究生入学考试-英语专业水平考试试题

广东外语外贸2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试 广东外语外贸2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试 英语水平考试试题 I. Cloze (20%) Fill in each blank with the words given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. example But difficulties well discriminating though basis which is Among aware upon made faces associated result clues serve if between The problem which the learner 1 in handling the meanings of such complex expressions (and those of the more numerous two-word combinations) are well known. He may have 2 of understanding or interpretation (especially when the form of an expression is a poor guide to its meaning). He may have trouble in 3 accurately between various meanings of the "same" item—those of put out, for 4 , or take in. And again, he may need help in distinguishing 5 expressions which are reiated in form (of level off and level up) 6_not necessarily in meaning. Among the features we have included in the dictionary to help the student deal with such problems 7 the regular listing in entries of “collocating” words. We can consider briefly the special advantages of this guidance here. The collocates of an expression are the particular words 8 are commonly combined with it to form sentences. 9 the words which regularly appear (as subjects) in the same sentences as bring to blows, for example, are disagreement, difference and rivalry and among those habitually associated (as direct objects) with bring to attention are troops, platoon, company. The learner normally becomes 10 of these word associations, or collocations, one by one through meeting them in books or hearing them in conversation, and as one association builds 11 another he gradually develops a firm understanding of the meanings of bring to blows and bring to attention. The advantage of bringing together a number of these associated words in one place—as in the entries shown just below—is that the student is 12 aware of several at the same time. As a 13 the learning process can be greatly speeded up. Another advantage, of course, is that the student can make up sentences of his own on the 14_ of the collocates recorded in such entries, so strengthening still more his grasp on the meanings of the headphrases themselves. Illustrative sentences in dictionary entries can 15 _ much the same purpose as lists of collocates. 16 the illustrations are carefully chosen, they too will contain words that are characteristically and unambiguously 17 with the headphrases, which help to develop the learner’s understanding of their meaning. 18 collocates and examples have different and complementary parts to play in the definition of meaning. In a list of collocates some of the more important 19 to our understanding of an expression are abstracted from their real contexts and presented in a highly condensed form. In illustrations, various kinds of information—grammatical and stylistic as 20 as lexical—are combined in actual instances of language use, though the most important clues to meaning may be rather thinly spread. II. Proof-reading and Error Correction (30%) The following passage contains FIFTEEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should correct it in the following way. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "A" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line, For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash " / " and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. Example When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, [1] an It never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. [2] never When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. [3] exhibit Why do some new products succeed, bringing millions of dollars to innovative companies, but others fail, with great losses? The answer is not simple, and certainly we cannot say that "good" products succeed while "bad" products fail. Many products that function well and seem to meet consumer needs have fallen by the wayside. Sometimes, virtual identical products exist in the market at the same time with one emerged as profitable while the other fails. McNeal Laboratories' Tylenol has become success as an aspirin substitute, yet Bristol-Meyers went into the test market at about the same time with Neotrend, also a substitute to aspirin, that quickly failed. The nature of the product is a factor in their success or failure, but the important point is the consumer's perception of the products need-satisfying ability. Any new product conception should be aimed at meeting any customer need, and the introductory promotion should seek, to communicate that need-satisfying quality and motivate the customer try the product. Often, attitude change is involved, and, in the extreme, changes in, life-style may be seeked, Here the company walks a tightrope. A new product is more probable to be successful if it represents a truly novel way of solving a customer problem, but this very newness, if carried too far, may ask the customer to learn new behavior patterns. The customer will make the change if the perceived benefit is sufficient, but inertia is strong and consumers will often not go to the effort that is required. During the late sixties and early seventies Bristol-Meyers met new product failures that exemplify both of these problems. In 1967 and 1968 the company entered into the market with a $ 5 million advertising campaign for Fact toothpaste, and an $11 million campaign to promote Resolve. Both products failed quickly, -not because they wouldn’t work or because there was no consumer need, but apparently because consumers just could see no reason to shift from an already satisfactory product to a different one that promised no new benefit. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. 6. 7. 8. _ 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. III. Gap-filling (40%) Fill in the following blanks with the CORRECT WORD or CORRECT FORM of the words given according to the MEANINGS of the sentences. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. Example prolong, refuse, delay, postpone, lengthen I hope the of the appointment will not cause you much inconvenience. The correct answer is postponement. 1. ally, league, union Under the military command of Ahmad Shah Mausood, a faction leader with Rabbani, government forces continued to hold much of Kabul late in the year, but fighting continued in the area. 2. obligation, liability, responsibility Membership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the of the Charter. 3. prospectus, brochure, catalogue, pamphlet, leaflet The tells buyers how to identify fraudulent sellers and how to cope with false claims on grading, certification, appreciation, and value. 4. alter, convert transform, vary A single genetic could allow the sunflower to convert some of its oleic acid to ricinoleic acid, an extremely versatile oil that has numerous industrial uses, including the manufacture of plastics, nylon, cosmetics, and lubricants. 5. affection, emotion, feeling, sentiment Anna Roe of New York City stated that there are vocationally successful persons who are well-adjusted socially and yet who show, according to tests, more or less severe disabilities. 6. genius, gift, talent With costs of educating handicapped children increasing, advocates of better education for children began demanding more financial support. 7. celebrate, commemorate, inaugurate, represent On October 14, President Eisenhower's birthdate, the U.S. Post Office Department issued a stamp. 8. career, profession, occupation, employment The problem of injury and sickness received a good deal of publicity and attention this year. 9. criticism, mark, review, opinion Critics gave good to the movie featuring Julia Roberts and Hugh Grant, which was a box-office hit all over the world. 10. hedge, dyke, wall, moat, fence The castle was surrounded by a _, which nowadays contained only occasional rainwater. 11. propose, agreement suggest advice In September, Constitutional Affairs Minister Joe Clark unveiled new aimed at satisfying Quebec's demands for federal reform. 12. rare, scarce, scant inadequate With wartime food largely over in the United States, the return to peacetime methods in food exporting from this country will be quick or slow in proportion to the rate at which normal production and trade revive throughout the world. Meantime, world relief requirements along with the continuance of world shortages in items such as fats and oils and sugar delay the abandonment of the controls. 13. cure, heal, remedy, treat Such high levels of unemployment compelled measures in their view, and so deep a recession called for some economic stimulation. 14. individual, personal, private Although all humans share the same set of genes, can inherit different forms of a given gene, making each person genetically unique. 15. common, general, popular As Peres’s personal continued to rise in public opinion polls following the completion of Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, bitter exchanges over Taba and West Bank settlement policy became increasingly common. 16. just fair, impartial In this letter to Angelina, Sarah enumerates the legal women suffered in the 1830s and compares the plight of women in the United States to that of slaves. 17. prolong, extend, lengthen, enlarge As he hasn't sorted out his business in the UK, he intends to apply for a/an of his passport. 18. exert, conduct, impose, implement On April 1st the long delayed of the United Nations' plan for peace and decolonization in South West Africa (Namibia), embodied in Security Council resolution 435 (1978), finally began. 19. crease, crumple, wrinkle, pleat Dermatologists have been swamped with people seeking what they believe is the closest thing to the fountain of youth: the anti-acne prescription skin cream Retin-A, known generically as tretinoin and chemically related to Accutane. A January report in The Journal of the American Medical Association said that Retin-A diminished small and other aging changes caused by sun exposure. 20. cunning, sly, crafty, shrewd The Sino-Japanese peace pact was preceded in May by the opening of diplomatic relations between China and the oil-rich Middle Eastern state of Oman. And it was immediately followed by the Premier's unprecedented 12-day visit to Romania, Yugoslavia, and Iran—a trip timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. IV. Reading Comprehension (60%) In this section, then are six reading passages followed by a total of thirty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. Text A 15 Killed by Rebel Bomb in Kashmir SRINAGAR, India—At least 15 people were killed when a car bomb exploded in central Srinagar at midday Monday, witnesses said. Five of the dead appeared to be soldiers, they said. Officials at a government-run hospital said that 20 people were admitted with wounds and that three were in surgery. One of the wounded died upon arrival at the hospital. A caller identifying himself as a member of Hizbul Mujahidin, a pro-Pakistan group, contacted several news agencies to claim responsibility for the attack. Hizbul Mujahidin is the most powerful rebel group favoring a merger with Pakistan. Other groups want independence from Indian rule. The bomb went off in a car near a police station and outside a branch of the government-owned State Bank of India, where Indian soldiers fighting the separatist insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir gather at the beginning of every month to collect their pay. Witness said an army truck was parked in the vicinity when the bomb went off. Three cars and five scooters were destroyed in the blast. Witnesses said that two of the victims were women and that five others wore military uniforms. Some of the corpses were badly mutilated. Security forces arrived quickly and carried off the bodies. The police cordoned off the area, fearing another attack. The blast was preceded by a grenade attack a few blocks away that appeared to have been a diversionary measure. The explosion was near Ahdoo's, one of the only hotels left open in the city. The hotel is full of foreign journalists covering the Kashmir hostage crisis, which entered its third month Monday. Four Westerners have been held hostage by guerrillas in the Kashmir Valley since July 4. A fifth hostage, Hans Christian Ostroe of Norway, was found beheaded in a remote region Aug. 13. The guerrillas have said they will kill the remaining hostages unless the Indian government releases 15 jailed separatists. 1. claimed responsibility for the attack. A .A rebel group B. An Indian group C. A member of Hizbul Mujahidin D. A pro-Indian group 2. The bomb went off outside a bank branch where Indian soldiers gather to A. fight the rebels B. protect the bank C. fight the separatist insurgency D. collect their pay 3. Witnesses said that two of the victims were A. children and that five others wore military uniforms B. women and that five others were probably soldiers C. women and that five others were children D. women and that five others were workers 4. Police , fearing another attack. A. withdrew from the area B. kept people at a distance from the area by means of a cordon C. cleaned the area D. examined the area 5. The blast was preceded by a grenade attack a few blocks away that appeared to . A. have turned people's attention away from the place where a bomb was exploded later B. have drawn people's attention to the place where a bomb was exploded later C. have been an entertaining measure D. have been a visionary plot Text B Behave Like Your Actions Reflect on All Chinese By the 1870s the easygoing cordiality that greeted the first Chinese in America had been replaced by an ugly resentment that often boiled into violence. Racism and economic fear led many Westerners to believe that the Chinese, who were willing to work cheap, were stealing their jobs.... Legal persecution took the form of taxes and statutes aimed at their livelihood, their customs and even their looks. Chinese families had to pay special taxes. Their children were barred from local public schools. A San Francisco ordinance, vetoed by the mayor at the last moment, would have required that the queues of Chinese jail inmates be cut off. Other harassments include laws making it illegal to carry baskets suspended from poles while walking on sidewalks, as Chinese laundrymen did, or to rent rooms with less than 500 cubic feet of space per person, as most Chinese had to do. The courts even prohibited Chinese from giving testimony in cases that involved whites. By 1880 Chinese immigrants represented only 0.002 percent of the population, yet the "Chinese Question"—which boiled down to finding ways to keep them out—had become a major national issue.... The Chinese responded to prejudice and persecution in two ways. First, they created an insulated society-within-a-society that needed little from the dominant culture. Second, they displayed a stoic willingness to persevere, and to take without complaint or resistance whatever America dished out. 6. The first Chinese immigrants to the U.S. . A. were welcomed B. far outnumbered other minorities C. arrived in the 1870s D. were met with hostility 7. The author believes that in the later part of the 19th century, Chinese immigrants received . A. adequate housing B. national acceptance C. equal education D. unfair treatment 8. A San Francisco ordinance, by the mayor at the last moment, required that the queues of Chinese jail inmates be cut off. A. suggested B. rejected C. supported D. urged 9. Which of the following is not the Chinese response to prejudice and persecution? A. to create an insulated society-within-a-society B. to show a stoic willingness to persevere C. to show strong protest D. to take whatever America gave without complaint or resistance 10. From the passage we can tell that many Americans were fearful because they found the Chinese were . A. an inferior people B. willing to work for low pay C. lazy and stupid D. impossible to understand Text C Three weeks ago, a story we published put us in the middle of a controversy. It was hardly the first time that has happened, but this instance suggested an opportunity for more than usual colloquy in the letters pages. So for this occasion and others like it, we have revived a section of TIME called Forum, which begins on page 28, concerns our cover subject this week梩he Nation of Islam and its leader, Louis Parrakhan. The decision to pursue an in-depth investigation of this subject was prompted by the anti-Semitic and otherwise racist speech that Farrakhan's aide, Khallid Muhammad, gave at Kean College in New Jersey. The story was newsworthy in large part because it came just as some mainstream black groups were attempting to form a constructive alliance with Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam. News of the speech loosed a flash flood of reportage and commentary on the subject, and at that time we began the kind of weeks-long investigation a cover story like this one requires. At the same time, we published an article on one telling aspect of the larger story: the fact that some black leaders were offended when whites called on them to denounce racism in other black leaders while seeming to ignore offensive remarks by whites—as, for example, Senator Ernest Hoolings, who had some time before made a supposedly joking reference to an African delegation as cannibals. The larger issue was that blacks feel they should be presumed to abhor anti-Semitism and other forms of racism without having to say no, and that they resent the attempt by whites to script their views, behavior or alliances. The story raised interesting and important points, and it clearly struck a nerve. The reaction was instantaneous and strong, most of it coming from white and Jewish readers. Some argued that our story was opinion masquerading as fact. Some people, both white and black, said that crediting white pressure for the denunciations of Farrakhan was condescending, that it deprived black leaders of credit for what was simply principled behavior. Some readers also felt that to concentrate on this issue was to minimize or downplay the virulence of Muhammad's speech. And there was a genera] view among our critics that no amount of good works by the Nation of Islam could justify any black leader's toleration of, not to mention alliance with, such a racist organization. The issues raised by the story's critics are important Still, this much must be said: Muhammad's speech was wholly disreputable and vile, and I believe our story made that clear. Our focus, however, was not on black racism but on the perception of a subtle form of white racism—the sense among some back leaders that, as the story put it, "some whites feel a need to make all black leaders speak out whenever one black says something stupid."That this feeling of grievance exists is not just TIMEs opinion. It is fact. 11. We can infer that the author of the article is A. a reader B. a critic C. a racist D. editor of TIME 12. The purpose of TIME FORUM is A. to present opinions on issues of importance B. to carry views on present issues C. to stir people D. to cause a sensation 13. This article focuses on the problem of . A. racism B. whites C. blacks D. Jews 14. The author's opinion of Muhammad's speech is . A. sympathetic B. favorable C. unfavorable D. not known 15. It can be seen that the story published by the TIME aroused reaction among the readers. A. no B. immediate and strong C. slow but strong D. everlasting and strong Text D Shylock on the Beach “When I direct Shakespeare,” theatrical innovator Peter Sellars once said, “the first thing I do is go to the text for cuts. I g