小学生英语语法大全

小学生语法大全 一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y 为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f 或fe”结尾,变f 或fe 为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives ] Leaf——leaves 5.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______ man______ woman_______ 二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be 动词:主语be(am,is,are) 其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语行为动词( 其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。【No. 2】一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化。否定句:主语be not 其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be 主语其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 非凡疑问句:疑问词一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如:I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't 构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语动词原形其它。如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does 构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 动词s 的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y 为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 一般现在时用法专练: 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ wash_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. -What day _______(be) it today? -It’s Saturday 三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing. 3.现在进行时的否定句在be 后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。5.现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不 达意be 主语动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词不达意be 动词ing? 动词加ing 的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e 结尾,去e 加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、将来时理论及练习一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:①be going to do;②will do. 三、否定句:在be 动词(am, is, are)l 后加not 或情态动词will 后加not 成won’t。例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习:填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2.我们将要学习英语We _____ _______ _________ learn English. We ________ learn English. 五、一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am 和is 在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)⑵are 在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) 3.句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didn’t 动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work__-worked , cook-cooked 2.结尾是e 加d,如:live____lived 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母y”结尾的,变y 为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式:am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat 过去时练习写出下列动词的过去式is\am_________ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ put ______ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be 动词的过去时练习(1)Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________ 一、用be 动词的适当形式填空1. I _______ at school just now. 2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago. 4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 一、用be 动词的适当形式填空1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 行为动词的过去时练习(2)Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________ 一、用be 动词的适当形式填空1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. 六、人称代词和物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性I me my mine you you youryours he him his his she her her hers itit its its we us our ours they them theirtheirs 习题一.用所给词的适当形式填空1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 二、用am, is, are 填空1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they? 1.Hello 的用法:Hello 的意思为“您好” ,一般可作为熟人,亲朋好友之间的打招呼用语,语气比较随便,例如:Hello,Li Hua!你好,李华。Hello,Tom!你好,汤姆!Hello 也可以用以引起某人注意,常用在打电话时或者在路上碰见熟人时,相当于中文中的“喂”,有时也可用Hi 来代替hello ,但前者显得更随便。2.What's your name?的用法:当两人初次见面互相询问姓名时,可用What's your name?来提问,回答时,可用My name is ….来回答,接着反问对方时,可用And what's your name?来提问。例如:Hi!What's your name? Hi!My name is Lucy.And what's your name? My name is Wang Ying. 你好,你叫什么名字?你好,我叫露西。你叫什么名字?我叫王英。句中的What's 是What is 的缩写形式。3.Good morning,class (teacher).的用法: Good morning,class.同学们好。Good morning,teacher.老师好。这是上午上课时,老师和全班同学互相问候时用语。Good morning 是上午问候时的用语,多用于熟人,朋友或家人之间,是比较正式的问候用语。句中问候语放在前面,称呼语则要放在后面,并用逗号隔开。例如:Good morning.Mr.White.怀特先生,你好。4.英语字母:英语中有26 个字母,每一字母有大写形式和小写形式两种。大小写形式如下:A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I I J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z 1.Are you…?的用法。这是一疑问句型,意思是“你是……吗?”用来询问姓名,职业,身份等,例如:Are you a worker?你是一名工人吗?Are you a student?你是学生吗?回答时用Yes,I am.(是的,我是。)或者No,I'm not.(不,我不是)来回答,注意Yes 和No 后面都有逗号,不能省略。2.Nice to meet you.的用法:这是两位初次见面相识后的用语,意思是“见到你很高兴。”见面相识可由自我介绍,第三者介绍或者询问相识。例如: Hello!I'm Xiao Hua. Hello!I'm Xiao Li. Nice to meet you,Xiao Li. Nice to meet you,too,Xiao Hua. 你好,我是小华你好,我是小李。小李,见到你我很高兴。小华,见到你我也很高兴。3.Where is …?的用法:这一句型表示“某物或某人在什么地方”。它同中文的句型结构不一样,where 在前,而某物或某人在后,例如:Where is my book? 我的在哪儿?It's there. 在这儿。Where is Tom? Tom 在哪儿?He is here. 他在这儿。句中的where is 可以缩写成“where's”。 4.am,is 和are 的用法:这三个词都是“是”的含义,但用法比中文中的“是”要复杂,英语中的am,is 和are 都是be 的变化形式,根据不同的主语选用不同的动词,主语I 用am,表示复数的主语和单数“you”则要用are,其它则用is。I am a teacher.我是教师。You are a worker.你是一个工人。You are students.你们是学生。She is Miss Gao.她是高小姐。This book is mine.这本书是我的。【与熟人打招呼】:英美人一天中见面都要打招呼,根据一天中不同的时间选用不同的说法,早上和上午时说Good morning,下午时说,Good afternoon,晚上见面时则要说Good evening。对方也用相同的问候语来回答。例如:Good morning,Mr.Green. Good morning,Miss Li. 【Sorry 的用法】:Sorry 表示“对不起”或“抱歉”,用于对自己的过错,失误,不能做某事或者不能提供对方的请求时常用sorry 或者I'm sorry 来表示。例如:Can you spell your name?你能拼一下你的名字吗?I'm sorry.I can't.对不起,我不能。What's the time,please?请问几点钟了?Sorry,I don't know.对不起,我不知道。【Excuse me 的用法】:这是用于向某人询问一件事或提出请求而打扰某人时的用语。意思是“对不起”,“请问”。例如:Excuse me!Where is my bag?对不起,我的包在哪儿呢?Excuse me!Are you Teacher Wang?对不起,请问你是王老师吗?【What's …的用法】:这个句型用于询问某人叫什么或者某个东西是什么,例如:What's this?It's a book. 这是什么?这是一本书。What's your name?你叫什么名字?My name is Lucy.我叫Lucy. 英语语法第一单元名词名词可分为专有名词与普通名词,可数名词与不可数名词,简单名词与复合名词。学习本章后学员掌握可数名词复数的变化形式,特别是名词的不规则复数形式的变化;掌握复合名词的复数形式;掌握名词所有格的构成及用法;注意区分可数名词与不可数名词。第二单元冠词冠词置于名词之前,用来说明名词所指的人或事物,它不能离开名词而单独存在。英语冠词有:1. 定冠词:主要功用为特指,表示同类中的某一人或某一类人和物。2. 不定冠词:主要功用为泛指,指某类人或物中的任何一个或某一个。 3. 零冠词:它是名词中的一种无形冠词,用在一般所谓的不定冠词的场合。有三类名词使用零冠词:复数可数名词,不可数名词(用单数形式)及专有名词。本章要求熟记与冠词有搭配关系的常用习语以及一些不用冠词的固定词组。重点学习定冠词+单数形式的名词;不定冠词用于物质名词、抽象名词、形容词最高级及序数词;不定冠词的位置;零冠词用于名词;零冠词用于零冠词+带定语的名词结构。第三单元代词代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词等。本章要求学员掌握多种代词的形式和用法,特别是人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词。注意all ,every,each 的区别;any,some 的区别; every-body,evreone,one 的区别;no one,none的区别;both,two 第比较;other,another 的比较。第四单元数词数词是表示数量的词,数词的两个类型是基数词和序数词,前者表示多少;后者表示第几。本单元要求学员掌握基数词和序数词的用法;分数与小数及年、月、日、时刻的表示用法。第五单元动词的时态(一)在英语中,不同时间发生的动作或情况要用不同的动词形式表示,这种形式叫做时态。本单元要求学员掌握一般现在时(重点是单数第三人称he,she,it 用作主语时的动词词尾变化形式),现在进行时(be+V-ing),一般过去时(不规则动词的过去式是学习的难点),及现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)的构成和用法,特别是一般现在时与现在进行时之间的比较及一般过去时与现在完成时之间的比较。第六单元动词的时态(二)