UnitIntegratedEnglish22ndEdition英语专业本科综合教程教案ppt课件

Unit4Watchthevideoandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Isthereanythingdifferentaboutthewedding?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationTheweddingisnotlikethetraditionalAmericanwedding.Thebridegroomisfromadifferentculture.Whenpeoplefromdifferentcultureslivetogether,thebigproblemsforthemmaybethedifferentlanguages,differentlifestyles,differenteatinghabits,anddifferentreligions,etc.2.Whatarethebigproblemsforpeoplefromdifferentcultureswhentheylivetogether?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationPriest:We’vecometogethertoshowoursupportforSidneyandRachel,andtheirjoininghandsandjoiningthemselvestogetherinholywedlock.Theweather’sbeenprettymiserableallweekend,butnowit’sabeautifulday.Andit’sabeautifuldaybecausewhentwopeoplecometogetherwhoreallyloveoneanotherandwanttosharethatwithotherpeople,itmakesitabeautifulday.SoSidneyWilliamsandRachelBuchmanhavecometodothat.And,Rachel,yougofirst.VideoScript1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationRachel:Sidney:Rachel:PaulBuchmanlikestosaythatthemeasureofagreatlifeisnothowwelllovedyouare,buthowwellyouloveothers.Sidney,youteachmethateveryday.Youarejustsofullofgrace,andIpromisebeforeGodandthesebeautifulpeoplethatIwillloveyoufiercelyandsweetly.AndIlookforwardtosharingthatgreatlifewithyou.Thankyouformarryingme.AllthatIeverwantedwastojusthearmusic,andwhenImetyou,Iheardyou.And,Rachel,you’rethemostbeautifulthingI’veeverheard.Thankyouformarryingme.You’rewelcome.VideoScript2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationHumanbeingsdrawclosetooneanotherbytheircommonnature,buthabitsandcustomskeepthemapart.—Confucius1.QuoteCulturalinformation1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationCulturalinformation2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationThekeytoeffectivecross-culturalcommunicationisknowledge.2.Cross-culturalCommunicationStrategiesFirst,itisessentialthatpeopleunderstandthepotentialproblemsofcross-culturalcommunication,andmakeaconsciousefforttoovercometheseproblems.Second,itisimportanttoassumethatone’seffortswillnotalwaysbesuccessful,andadjustone’sbehaviorappropriately.Culturalinformation3AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationSuggestionforheatedconflictsistostop,listen,andthink.Thishelpsincross-culturalcommunicationaswell.Whenthingsseemtobegoingbadly,stoporslowdownandthink.Activelisteningcansometimesbeusedtocheckthisout—byrepeatingwhatonethinksheorsheheard,onecanconfirmthatoneunderstandsthecommunicationaccurately.Oftenintermediarieswhoarefamiliarwithbothculturescanbehelpfulincross-culturalcommunicationsituations.Theycantranslateboththesubstanceandthemannerofwhatissaid.Theymayexplaintheproblem,andmakeappropriateproceduraladjustments.GlobalReading-Mainidea1TextanalysisStructuralanalysis1.Whichsentenceisthethesisstatement?Thelastsentenceofthe3rdparagraph:“Mostfundamentalistheprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsocietyandonethatweoverlookatourperil.”GlobalReading-Mainidea2TextanalysisStructuralanalysis2.Compromising,intheauthor’sview,isakeynotionintranslationandthusalsoininterculturalcommunication.Numerousexamplesareusedtoexplainthisnotion.Trytofindtheseexamples.Paragraph4:ThelackofanexactcounterpartoftheEnglishword“homesickness”inotherlanguagessuchasItalian,Portuguese,andGerman.Paragraph5:TheproblemofuntranslatabilitywhichtheearlyBibletranslatorsencountered.GlobalReading-Mainidea2TextanalysisStructuralanalysisParagraph6:EnglishandWelshspeakersmakeadjustmentsregardingthecolorspectruminthegrey/green/blue/brownrange;theflatbreadsofCentralAsiaarealongwayawayfromMother’sPridewhiteslicedtoasties,yettheword“bread”hastoserveforboth.Structuralanalysis11.Whattypeofwritingisthisessay?Andwhat’sthemainstrategytheauthoradopttodevelopthebodyoftheessay?TextanalysisStructuralanalysisItisapieceofargumentation.Abundantexamplesareprovidedtosupportherargumentinthebodyoftheessay.Structuralanalysis2TextanalysisStructuralanalysisItdescribesthecommunicationsrevolutiontakingplaceworldwideandthewidespreaduseoftheEnglishlanguage,andthenpointsoutthatthereareindeedproblemswiththecommunicationsrevolution.2.Dividethetextintopartsbycompletingthetable.ParagraphsMainidea1-3Itexemplifiesthatlanguageandculturearesocloselyinterrelatedthatoftenwefindthatwhatwecansayinonelanguagecannotbeconveyedatallinanother,andthatconfrontedwithinsurmountablelinguisticproblems,translatorsnegotiatetheboundariesbetweenlanguagesandcomeupwithacompromise.Itbrieflypointsouttheimmensesignificanceofinterculturalunderstanding.Structuralanalysis3TextanalysisStructuralanalysisParagraphsMainidea4-78SusanBassnettCulturalEncountersDetailedreading1DetailedreadingWeliveinanageofeasyaccesstotherestoftheworld.Cheapflightsmeanthatmillionsofpeopleareabletovisitplacestheirparentscouldonlydreamabout,whiletheInternetenablesustocommunicatewiththeremotestplacesandthetraditionalpostalservicesarenowreferredtoalmostmockinglyas“snailmail.”Whenstudentsgooffbackpacking,theycanemailtheirparentsfromInternetcafesintheHimalayasorfromadesertoasis.Andasformobilephones—theclickingoftextmessagingatanyhourofthedayornighthasbecomefamiliartousall.Everyone,itseems,provided,ofcourse,theycanaffordtodoso,needneverbeoutoftouch.1Detailedreading2Significantlyalso,thisgreatglobalcommunicationsrevolutionisalsolinkedtotheexpansionofEnglish,whichhasnowbecometheleadinginternationallanguage.ConferencesandbusinessmeetingsaroundtheglobeareheldinEnglish,regardlessofwhetheranyonepresentisanativeEnglishspeaker.Englishhassimplybecomethelanguagethatfacilitatescommunication,andformanypeoplelearningEnglishisanessentialsteppingstoneontheroadtosuccess.Detailedreading2Detailedreading3Sowhy,youmaywonder,wouldanyonehavemisgivingsaboutallthesewonderfuldevelopments,andwhydoestheriseofEnglishasagloballanguagecausefeelingsofuneasinessforsomeofus?Forthereareindeedproblemswiththecommunicationsrevolution,problemsthatarenotonlyeconomic.Mostfundamentalistheprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsocietyandonethatweoverlookatourperil.Detailedreading3Detailedreading4Differentculturesarenotsimplygroupsofpeoplewholabeltheworlddifferently;languagesgiveusthemeanstoshapeourviewsoftheworldandlanguagesaredifferentfromoneanother.Weexpresswhatweseeandfeelthroughlanguage,andbecauselanguagesaresoclearlyculture-related,oftenwefindthatwhatwecansayinonelanguagecannotbeexpressedatallinanother.TheEnglishword“homesickness”translatesintoItalianas“nostalgia,”butEnglishhashadtoborrowthatsamewordtodescribeadifferentstateofmind,somethingthatisnotquitehomesicknessandinvolvesakindoflonging.Homesicknessandnostalgiaputtogetherarealmost,butnotquite,thePortuguese“saudade,”anuntranslatablewordthatdescribesastateofmindthatisnotdespair,Detailedreading4Detailedreading5Detailedreadingangst(EnglishborrowedthatfromGerman),sadnessorregret,buthoverssomewhereinandaroundallthosewords.TheearlyBibletranslatorshittheproblemofuntranslatabilityhead-on.HowdoyoutranslatetheimageoftheLambofGodforacultureinwhichsheepdonotexist?WhatexactlywasthefruitthatEvepickedintheGardenofEden?WhatwasthecreaturethatswallowedJonah,giventhatwhalesarenotgiventoswimminginwarm,southernseas?Facedwithunsurmountablelinguisticproblems,translatorsnegotiatedtheboundariesbetweenlanguagesandcameupwithacompromise.5Detailedreading6DetailedreadingCompromisingissomethingthatspeakersofmorethanonelanguageunderstand.Whentherearenowordsinanotherlanguageforwhatyouwanttosay,youmakeadjustmentsandtrytoapproximate.EnglishandWelshspeakersmakeadjustmentsregardingthecolorspectruminthegrey/green/blue/brownrange,sinceEnglishhasfourwordsandWelshhasthree.Andevenwherewordsdoexist,compromisesstillneedtobemade.Theword“democracy”meanscompletelydifferentthingsindifferentcontexts,andevenawordlike“bread”whichreferstoastaplefooditemmadeofflourmeanstotallydifferentthingstodifferentpeople.TheflatbreadsofCentralAsiaarealongwayawayfromMother’sPridewhiteslicedtoasties,yettheword“bread”hastoserveforboth.6Detailedreading7Inevitably,thespreadofEnglishmeansthatmillionsofpeopleareaddinganotherlanguagetotheirownandarelearninghowtonegotiateculturalandlinguisticdifferences.Thisisanessentialskillintoday’shybridworld,particularlynowwhentheneedforinternationalunderstandinghasrarelybeensoimportant.Butevenasmorepeoplebecomemultilingual,sonativeEnglishspeakersarelosingout,fortheyarebecomingevermoremonolingual,andhenceincreasinglyunawareofthedifferencesbetweenculturesthatlanguagesreveal.Communicatinginanotherlanguageinvolvesnotonlylinguisticskills,buttheabilitytothinkdifferently,toenterintoanotherculture’smentalityandshapelanguageaccordingly.MillionsofpeoplearediscoveringDetailedreading7Detailedreading8Detailedreadinghowtobridgecultures,whiletheEnglish-speakingworldbecomesevermorecomplacentandcutsdownonforeignlanguagelearningprogramsinthemistakenbeliefthatitisenoughtoknowEnglish.Worldpeaceinthefuturedependsoninterculturalunderstanding.Thosebestplacedtohelpthatprocessmaynotbetheoneswiththelatesttechnologyandstate-of-the-artmobilephones,butthosewiththeskillstounderstandwhatliesin,underandbeyondthewordsspokeninmanydifferentlanguages.8WhatdocheapflightsandtheInternetmeantopeopletoday?Detailedreading1--Quesion1Cheapflightsmeanthatmillionsofpeoplecanaffordtovisitplacestheirparentscouldonlydreamabout,whiletheInternetmeansthatnumerouspeopleareabletocommunicatewiththeremotestplaceswithgreatease.DetailedreadingDetailedreading1--Quesion2DetailedreadingExemplifyandexplainthatEnglishhasbecomethemostimportantinternationallanguage.ConferencesandbusinessmeetingsaroundtheglobeareheldinEnglish,regardlessofwhetheranyonepresentisanativeEnglishspeaker.Englishhassimplybecomethelanguagethatfacilitatescommunication,andformanypeoplelearningEnglishisanessentialsteppingstoneontheroadtosuccess.Detailedreading1--Quesion3DetailedreadingSupplyspecificexamplestoprovethatlanguageandculturearecloselyrelatedtoeachother.Numerousexamplesshowthatlanguageandcultureareinterrelated.TakealookatsomeEnglishidiomsandseehowdifferenttheirChinesecounterpartsare:adropintheocean沧海一粟tolaughone’sheadoff笑掉大牙toshedcrocodiletears猫哭老鼠tospendmoneylikewater挥金如土tobebornwithasilverspooninone’smouth生长在富贵人家Detailedreading1--Quesion4DetailedreadingExplainandillustratewhat“compromising”and“thespreadofEnglish”mean.For“compromising,”refertoParagraph6ofthetext.Asto“thespreadofEnglish,”atypicalexampleisthespreadofEnglishinChina.Comparedwithothernations,ChinaboaststhelargestnumberofpeoplewhohavelearnedorarelearningEnglish.ChineselearnersofEnglisharelearninghowtoovercomeculturalandlinguisticdifferences.Intoday’sChina,themasteryofEnglishhasbecomeanimportantskillwhichisofgreatuseandvalueinallwalksoflife.Thosewhoaremostcompetenttocontributetotheprocessofworldpeaceprobablyarethosewhohaveacquiredtheskillstounderstandtheliteral,implied,figurative,orculturalmeaningsofthewordsspokeninmanydifferentlanguages.Detailedreading1--Quesion5Detailedreading1.Accordingtothewriter,whatisthegreatfunctionofinterculturalunderstanding?Thewritersays,“Worldpeaceinthefuturedependsoninterculturalunderstanding.”Inotherwords,interculturalunderstandingwillplayamostimportantroleinthepromotionofworldpeaceinthefuture.2.Whowillprobablybemostabletohelptheprocessofworldpeaceinthefuture?accessn.entrance;wayin;meansofenteringortherighttouseorlookatsomethingDetailedreading1–accesse.g.Theonlymeansofaccesstothebuildingisalongamuddytrack.到达那幢楼的唯一途径是沿着那条泥泞的小路前行。Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivetheuserquickandeasyaccesstotherequiredinformation.Derivation:accessiblea.Detailedreadingcommunicatevi.shareorexchangefeelings,opinions,orinformation,etc.Detailedreading1–communicatee.g.TheInternetisthebestmeansofcommunicationamongseveralpartnersatdifferentlocations.Derivation:communicationn.Detailedreadingcommunicativea.e.g.Heisashyboywhocan’tcommunicateverywell.Derivation:remotenessn.e.g.Theyfoundtheremotenessofthecountryagreatproblem.remotea.distantinspaceortimeDetailedreading1–remote1e.g.Wecanseeremotestarsthroughatelescope.Intheremotefuture,manynewchangeswilltakeplace.TheBeatlescarriedLiverpool’sfametotheremotestcornersoftheearth.DetailedreadingDetailedreading1–remote2Comparison:distant,far,remoteDetailedreadinge.g.Shecouldhearthedistantsoundoffireworksexploding.fardescribesomethingthatisnotnear,orthepartofsomethingthatismostdistantfromthecentreorfromyoue.g.Thestationisn’tfar—wecouldeasilywalkit.remotedescribeanarea,houseorvillagethatisalongwayfromanytownsorcitiese.g.Helivedinaremotemountainvillage.distantveryfarawayesp.indistanceDetailedreading1–remote31.我们很难观察月亮的另一边。2.邮车每周只到这个偏僻的村庄一次。3.这个朝圣者来自非常远的地方。Translation:Thefarsideofthemoonisdifficultforustoobserve.___________________________________________________________Mailcomestothisremotevillageonlyonceaweek._________________________________________________________DetailedreadingThispilgrimcamefromaverydistantplace._________________________________________________________Detailedreading1--mockinglymockinglyad.inawayinwhichsb.orsth.ismadefunofe.g.Andrienneraisedhereyebrowsmockingly—“What’swrong,mydear?Don’tyouunderstand?”TheboywhowasoncereferredtomockinglyasacountryboyisnowtheCEOofajointventure.DetailedreadingDetailedreading1–regardlessofDetailedreadingregardlessofwithouttakingaccountoforworryingaboute.g.Iboughtthebook,regardlessofthecost.尽管价钱挺高，我还是买了这本书。Thelawrequiresequaltreatmentforall,regardlessofrace,religionorsex.Detailedreading1–facilitateDetailedreadingfacilitatevt.help;makeeasyoreasiere.g.Thenewundergroundrailwaywillfacilitatethejourneytotheairport.Aninterfaceisawindowenvironmentdesignedtofacilitatetheinteractionbetweentheuserandthesystem.界面是一个窗口环境，其是用来促进用户和系统之间的交互作用。Derivation:facilitationn.facilitativea.Detailedreading1--steppingstoneDetailedreadingsteppingstoneanyofarowoflargestoneswithaleveltop,whichonewalksontocrossariverorstream;figuratively,awayofimprovementorgainingsuccesse.g.Forsomepeople,gainingpowerisanessentialsteppingstonetoasuccessfullife.Temporaryjobscanbeasteppingstoneoutofunemployment.Detailedreading1--havemisgivingsDetailedreadinghavemisgivingsnotbesuree.g.Ihavemanymisgivingsabouttakingthejob.我对是否接受那项工作顾虑重重。Detailedreading1–fundamentalDetailedreadingfundamentala.basice.g.Idisagreedfundamentallywithwhattheystoodfor.Derivation:fundamentallyad.e.g.Aknowledgeofeconomicsisfundamentaltoanyunderstandingofthisproblem.经济学知识对于理解这个问题是至关重要的。Thereisafundamentaldifferenceinattitudebetweenthesetwopoliticians.这两位政治家的态度有着根本的区别。Detailedreading1–profoundDetailedreadingprofounda.intense;deep;verystronglyfelte.g.Iamprofoundlygratefulforthisopportunitytomeetyou.Derivation:profoundlyad.e.g.Thebookcontainsprofoundinsightintohumanbehavior.Thedevelopmentwastohaveaprofoundeffectonallourlives.Detailedreading1--atone’sperilatone’speril(usedwhenadvisingsb.nottodosth.)withthenearcertaintyofmeetinggreatdangere.g.Youignorethiswarningatyourperil.你若忽视这个警告，就得自担风险。Detailedreading1.Whichcompanieswasshereferringwhenshespokeofcompetingfirms?2.Batscommunicateeachotherbyultrasonicmessages.3.Citizensmayhavefreeaccessthelibrary.4.Itisrudetomockothers’shortcomings.5.I’dliketogobacktoteaching,butIamouttouchwithmysubjectnow.6.Sheisdeterminedtodoregardlessallconsequences.Detailedreading1–Activity1DetailedreadingActivity:Fillineachblankwithasuitablepreposition.to____with_____to____at____of___of___Detailedreading1–Activity2Detailedreadingabout_______7.Foodisessentiallife.8.Atthetime,manydoctorshadseriousmisgivingsthenewtreatment.9.Anyclimberwhoneglectsthesesimpleprecautionsdoessohisperil.to____at____Detailedreading1–Welivein…Weliveinanageofeasyaccesstotherestoftheworld.Translation:我们生活在一个可以轻松到达世界其它角落的时代。DetailedreadingDetailedreading1–…formany……formanypeoplelearningEnglishisanessentialsteppingstoneontheroadtosuccess.Explanation:…formanypeopletheacquisitionofEnglishisbasicallyaspringboardtowardstheirlifetimeachievements.Asteppingstoneisameansthathelpsyoutoprogresstowardsachievingsomethingespeciallyinyourwork.Detailedreadinge.g.Studentsfromvariousminoritygroupsareintentonusingeducationasasteppingstonetoabetterlife.Detailedreading1–Mostfundamental…Mostfundamentalistheprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsocietyandonethatweoverlookatourperil.Paraphrase:Thereisabasicrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturewhichisanessentialpartofsocietyandonethatisdangerousifweignore.DetailedreadingTranslation:最根本的是语言与文化之间的深远关系，它存在于社会的中心，忽视它必然会造成危险。e.g.Thelabelswereattachedtotheluggage.Detailedreading1–labelDetailedreadinglabelv.fixortieonsth.apieceofpaperorothermaterialthatgivesinformationaboutit;useawordorphrasetodescribesb.orsth.e.g.I’vejustspentawholedaylabellingalltheitems.Thebottleislabeledpoison.瓶上标明有毒。n.apieceofpaperorothermaterial,fixedtosth.,whichgivesinformationaboutwhatitis,whereitistogo,whoownsit,etc.Detailedreading1–longingDetailedreadinglongingn.strongwish;astrongfeelingofwantingsth.e.g.Shefeltagreatlongingforthesights,soundsandsmellsofhome.Nothingcouldquenchherlongingtoreturnhomeagain.她重返家园的念头怎么也打消不掉。Detailedreading1–despairdespairn.completelossofhopeorconfidence;sth.thatcausesthisfeelinge.g.HisfailureinTOEFLdrovehimtodespair.Heisthedespairofhisteacherbecauseherefusestostudy.DetailedreadingSynonym:desperationn.Detailedreading1–hoverDetailedreadinghovervi.beinanuncertainstate;stayaroundoneplace,esp.inawaythatannoysotherpeoplee.g.Ahawkhoveredinthesky,waitingtoswoopdownonitsprey.Iheardthenoiseofahelicopterhoveringoverhead.Detailedreading1–head-onDetailedreadinghead-onad.&a.withtheheadsorfrontpartsmeeting,usu.violentlye.g.Themotorcycleranhead-onintothelorry.Thegovernmentandtheunionsaresetforahead-onconfrontation.Detailedreading1–notbegiventoDetailedreadingnotbegiventonotusuallydosth.e.g.Itisthetruth.Wearenotgiventotellinglies.Detailedreading1–unsurmountableSynonym:insurmountable,insuperableDetailedreadingunsurmountablea.toolargeortoodifficulttobedealtwithe.g.Idon’tthinkthereareanyunsurmountableproblemsinthisproject.Theproblemsarenotunsurmountable.问题不是无法解决的。Antonym:surmountablePayratesarefixedbynegotiationsbetweenthetradeunionandemployers.e.g.negotiatevt.discusssth.inordertoreachanagreement,esp.inbusinessorpoliticsDerivation:negotiationn.e.g.ForeignMinistersaremeetingattalksinGenevatonegotiateatreatybanningallchemicalweapons.We’vedecidedtonegotiatewiththeemployersaboutourwageclaim.我们决定就工资问题与雇主谈判。Detailedreading1–negotiate1Detailedreading1–negotiate2Detailedreadinge.g.Thecontractisforaperiodofsixmonths,andisnotnegotiable.Derivation:negotiablea.(notusedbeforeanoun)comeupwithproduce;thinkofaplan,reply,etc.e.g.Noonehavecomeupwithaconvincingexplanationofwhydinosaursdiedout.尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝做出一个令人信服的解释。He’scomeupwithagreatidea.他想出了一个绝好的办法。Detailedreading1–comeupwithcompromisev.&n.settleanargumentordifferenceofopinionbyeachsideagreeingtosomeofthedemandsoftheother;anagreementreachedinthiswaythatisacceptabletobothsidese.g.Theyrefusedtocompromisetheirprinciplesbydoingadealwiththeterrorists.他们拒绝同恐怖分子做交易，以免原则受损。Progresshasbeenmadetowardsapoliticalcompromisebetweenthetwonations.两国之间的政治和解已经取得进展。Detailedreading1–compromise1Detailedreading1–compromise2DetailedreadingCollocation:compromiseon/withe.g.Let’scompromiseona10%reductioninpriceonthisshipment.让我们来个折衷办法，这批货减价10％吧。Don’ttrytothreatenme.Iwon’tcompromisewithyou.不要威胁我，我不会向你妥协的。adjustmentn.changingslightlyinordertomakerightorsuitableforaparticularpurposeorsituatione.g.Wehavetomakesomemajoradjustmentstoourscheme.Someadjustmentofthelensmaybenecessary.可能有必要调节一下镜头。Collocation:makeadjustmentsDetailedreading1–adjustmentregardingprep.asregards;concerning;onthesubjectof;inconnectionwithe.g.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardinganyofourservices,pleasefeelfreetocallme.Shesaidnothingregardingyourrequest.她对你的要求闭口不答。Synonym:concerning,considering,intermsofDetailedreading1–regardingrangen.themeasurablelimitswithinwhichvariableamountsorqualitiesareincludedDetailedreading1–range1e.g.Hesaiditwasoutsidehisrangeofresponsibility.Thenewtechnologyhasopenedupaverywiderangeofpossibilities.Comparison:scope,rangescopen.thelimitswithinwhichsth.operates,exists,oriseffectiveDetailedreadinge.g.Thereisnotmuchscopefororiginality.Detailedreading1–range2DetailedreadingComparison:rangen.theamount,numberortypeofsomethingbetweenanupperandalowerlimite.g.Thepricerangeisfrom$100to$500.Theproductisaimedatyoungpeopleinthe18-2