大学物理学第三版赵近芳

大学物理学第三版赵近芳 To observe the world with a wide field of vision and to analyze and judge the development and change of the situation scientifically is the inner requirement for the cultivation of high-quality college students and an important symbol of the maturity of the students in politics. The central leading comrades have always attached great importance to the situation, policy and education of college students, and fully affirmed and advocated the use of the "situation report" as a good form of face-to-face communication. I. the performance and prominent features of the new changes in China's international status Since twenty-first Century, China's international status has shown significant and significant changes. First, the status of power has risen significantly. When China entered the twenty-first Century, China's economic strength was only seventh in the world, and GDP was about 1 trillion US dollars. The first 8 years of the twenty-first Century, China a year on a place in the ranking of the world economy almost, in 2008 ranked the world's third largest economy, 2009 or 2010 could become the world's second largest economy, foreign exchange reserves ranked first in the world, become the third largest trading country in the world. The total economic output reached 4 trillion and 400 billion US dollars in 2008, achieving the goal of quadrupling the total economic output by 2000 over 12 years ahead of schedule in 2020". The change of this position has laid the foundation for the change of China's international status. Second, in addition to economic strength, China's military, scientific and technological, soft power also continued to rise. The military, the U.S. Department of defense believes that 20 years Chinese's annual growth rate of two digit, such a large investment, the Navy and air force Chinese strength were significantly higher than in 1990s, expanding the scope of military activities. In science and technology, breakthroughs have been made in space activities, which have made Chinese people around the world proud and attracted the whole world. In terms of soft power, China's development model has been recognized by more and more developing countries and developed countries, and has become a model for many countries to emulate. There has been a certain degree of "Chinese fever" in the world, which shows that China's status has risen. Third, while China's strength and international status have risen, the international status of other major forces in the world has continued to decline, showing a marked rise in China's international status. The United States launched the Iraq war by most countries in the world, including some major allies against the secret prison, prisoner abuse and other acts that the United States "democracy, freedom, human rights and the rule of law" standard bearer of the image greatly reduced, the international status and reputation declined significantly. The financial crisis has reduced the reputation of its free market economy model and has had to adjust. Therefore, Obama, Hilary, Pelosi, all over the world should listen to, they are now the focus of diplomacy is to change the image of the United States in the world. While the international status of the United States declined, Russia's strength and international status continued to decline, and its economic strength was reduced from a second rate country to a three country. Putin said in 2001, 10 years ago, China's economic strength is half of the Soviet Union, 10 years later, Russia's strength is half of china. In 2008, Russia's economic strength was half that of china. Japan in the past 20 years of economic stagnation, the position of strength to reform said of an aged person. After entering the new century, the European Union stagnates and economic development barely grows at a low speed. Although India, Brazil and other emerging powers are not developing at a slower pace, their strength and international status have not been able to catch up with china. Now, the BRICs, in fact, are not on the same level at all. The economic strength of the three countries is equivalent to China, or even a little bit. Fourth, since the financial crisis, China's strength has not been fundamentally hurt, and the international status has gone up. The world generally hopes that China will lead the way out of the crisis and lead the world to recovery. China's $2 trillion in foreign exchange reserves and the ample capital of the banking system have made China the backbone of the world's minority in the crisis. The strength and international status of China's banks and enterprises have risen significantly, and overseas acquisitions have been very active. Since the fifth, sixteenth year, the "peaceful development" strategy put forward by the Chinese government has weakened the views and concerns of the world over the "China threat", Confidence, affirmation and confidence in China have increased. The constant improvement and development of China foreign relations, the affairs of the United Nations, the international economic and financial reform, the United Nations peacekeeping, counter-terrorism, non-proliferation, anti piracy and other aspects of the actions and performance, by the world recognized. The world generally believes that "China is the one side of the problem that becomes the solution to the problem."". Sixth, while China's strength and international status continue to rise, the negative attitudes of the western countries towards China remain unchanged due to factors such as ideology, social system and values. Chinese overall international image and international reputation there is no fundamental improvement in the western mainstream media, the fundamentals are still negative, the Olympic torch relay in overseas, Lhasa "3? 14" violence, "milk" and "dumpling" incident was very clear. Our image in the world have two: one is the power, more and more strong; the other is a "bad", criticism of our social system, ideology is not the world, there is no democracy, no human rights, no freedom, no law, no credit, this is the common view of Western world. We must keep a clear head and take corresponding measures. Two, the historical opportunity of the international system transformation for China's international status change First, the transformation of the whole international system is a peaceful transition, not a war transition. This peaceful transition is a long and gradual process, and is very beneficial to China's gradual becoming the world's major powers. Two, the American dominated hegemony system is slowly fading, but still has considerable leading power. The slow decline of the United States is the chance for China to rise. Three, the United Nations as the main body of global governance system has not yet formed. Neither the G8 nor the G20 can shake off the United Nations system. No matter what the future world is, China will play a leading role in it. The four is the rise of emerging economies, these countries can cooperate actively for the reasonable interests of more developing countries, and conform to the trend of peace and development, to seek consultation and cooperation to amend the international system, the establishment of international mechanisms. That is to say, as a member of the Chinese, not individual rise, not fight a lone battle, encountered resistance will decrease. The five is Chinese the idea of harmonious world has been formed, after the rise of Chinese future international role, international status is established in the framework of a harmonious world, Chinese will become a powerful country in the world, and will bring great disaster to the world. In fact, this is the essence of peaceful rise. Three, the obstacles and challenges of China's rising international status These obstacles and challenges are the changes that affect our position over the next 20 years, and may even lead to the interruption of our ascent. We should have a good understanding of this. First, the imbalance of internal development and the low level of economic structure. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, this is definitely not the whole face of china. The low level of economic aggregate is a characteristic of China. China is a big country at present, but far from becoming a powerful country. It is necessary to turn the low level into a high level. This is a big problem. Two, there are various forms of potential social crisis in china. We can not underestimate these crises, such as the child caused by the age structure, the future China labor may be a serious shortage of labor, prices rose sharply, all our competitiveness of all rewriting, this is possible. Three, the lag of the system construction and the co-ordination between domestic and foreign capacity, including co-ordination of various departments as a whole, such systems are often lagging behind. Four is the limitation of resources and the frangibility of ecology. We want to be the second economic power or the first economic power, and even if we want to become the first big economic country with high quality, we can not support it either on resources or on ecology. Five, the geopolitical environment around us is extremely complex and changeable. Like North Korea and Pakistan, who can predict what their political situation will be in the future?. Perhaps one day we will be surrounded by nuclear weapons, and perhaps the problems surrounding our oceans will become acute problems, or ecological deterioration may lead to hostility to our countries around us. Because all the big rivers in Asia come from China, and if China destroys the upper reaches, all Asian countries are suffering from China, and now Kazakhstan is robbing us of water. Six, the arduous and protracted nature of China's reunification, and the solution of the Dalai Lama and the Taiwan question are long-term issues. The seven is the danger of the combination of transnational non-traditional security and domestic contradictions. Eight, China and major powers share the common interests and strategic interests. As we become larger and larger, strategic space is growing and strategic conflicts will increase. This must be considered as soon as possible. One is to prevent such conflicts, and two, that the growth of common interests is faster than the expansion of strategic conflicts of interest. Nine, inadequate preparation for global governance and national quality. When we go out, the problems we encounter are generally inadequate global consciousness. Today, the crisis brought about by the massive national going out is because our national quality can not keep up. Four, China's direction and path to become a world power First, peaceful development, scientific development and harmonious development. Second, common development, common security and common interests. Third, do something; not challenge the hegemony, not to seek hegemony; justice, balance. We used above make a difference, now should be changed to "do something". According to China's strength, we should do as much as we can. Justice, balance, hegemony is to uphold justice, but also against the need to maintain a balance not too. Fourth, the gradual reform, taking into account the parties; based on the current, long-term perspective. During the 30 years of reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China. At the important moment, the Party Central Committee and the State Council have adjusted policies in a timely manner, conforming to the changes in the situation and maintaining the momentum of sustained development. At the same time, we also have some problems to be faced with what we face the history of nearly 100 years in the past, how to face now we think it is not fair international order, how to face discrimination. We often encounter in the world, how to treat our young students nationalistic thoughts and emotions, these are new the problems we encountered in the development process, need to be solved through further development