[精品]断断续续地

[精品]断断续续地 Language Points (Unit 1, Book 1) off and on (or on and off ): from time to time, now and again, irregularly; sometimes 断断续续地，有时 -- It has been raining on and off for a week. That’s why the clothes feel damp. -- As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a Bedside chair. -- We don’t go to the theatre regularly, just off and on. possibility: state of being possible; (degree of) likelihood (usu. Followed by that-clause or of) 1) 可能的情况 2) 可能(性) -- Is there any possibility of life on Mars? (of + n.) -- They haven’t arrived. There is a possibility that they have taken the wrong road. (that) -- What’s the possibility of having a sunny weekend? (of + ~ing) -- I admit the possibility of your being right. -- For the first time the possibility of something serious having happened entered his mind. -- There is quite a possibility that war may break out. -- He thought of several possibilities, but kept them to himself. 3) 可能 … 的人 Is Jane a possibility as a wife for Richard? 4) 成功的希望，潜力 The house is in bad condition, but is has possibilities if it’s properly repaired. She said quite honestly that he owed it to himself to develop his possibilities. take hold: become established 生根、确立 -- The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families. bore: (v.) make (sb.) feel / become tired and lose interest 使(人)厌烦， 使烦腻 -- The speaker went on and on, and the audience grew bored by his speech. -- Tom Sawyer grew bored with painting the garden fence, so he thought of a way to make others paint for him. Collocation: a crashing bore 讨厌之极的人、事 a frightful bore 讨厌得要命的家伙 an insufferable bore 讨厌得令人无法忍受的人 an utter bore 极惹人厌烦的事 bore … to death 使厌烦死了 [烦透了] I don’t want to bore myself to death reminiscing about those days. I was bored to death before the first day was out. bore [scare] one stiff 使人厌烦透了 [把人吓呆] He bores me stiff. Hid driving scares me stiff. The child was scared stiff in the dentist’s chair. 1 (n.) 使人厌烦的人或东西 (C) 忍受经受;承担拿着带来;上面有怀有;生结果(vt.) , (vt.) , , , (), () associate (with): join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind 使联系起来;使联想 -- 我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。 We often associate Egypt with pyramids. -- I can’t associate this gentle young woman with the radical political essays she has written. -- Jim wished to forget everything associated with his former life. -- We naturally associate the name of Einstein with the Theory of Relativity. -- Foreigners always associate China with the Great Wall. -- Through science we’ve got the idea of associating progress with future. 1) 和 ... 发生联系 (vt.) He associated himself with this campaign. 2) 和 ... 来往，和 ... 共事 (和 with 连用) (vi.) There he associated with working people. assignment: n. a piece of work that is given to a particular person(分配的)工作，任务，作业 -- I hardly ever take pictures except on assignment. turn out: 1) produce; make 编写;生产，制造 -- New computers are soon outdated since newer models are turned out constantly. -- American film studios turn out hundreds of films every year. 2) come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc. 3) prove 4) shut off agony: n. very great pain or suffering of mind or body(身心的)极度痛苦 -- The wounded man was in agony. assign: vt. Give as a share or duty 分配，分派 -- Those rooms have been assigned to us. anticipate: expect (usu. followed by gerund or that-clause) {see beforehand} -- The police had anticipated trouble from the soccer fans and were at the ground in large numbers. -- 他们预料到2005年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。 They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2005. -- We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform. tedious: boring and lasting for a long time 乏味的，冗长的 -- The movie was so tedious that many viewers left before it was over. -- Laura found George to be tedious and decided not to see him any more. 2 -- A tedious job is one that is long and boring. -- The tedious play put the audience to sleep. reputation: (an) opinion (about sb. or sth.) held by others 名声;名誉 -- Premier Zhu Rongji has a high reputation as a statesman in the world. -- Jim Kerry ahs quite a reputation for being comic. by reputation 靠(某人的)名气 live up to one’s reputation 名实相符(行为和名声相符) inability: n. lack of power, skill or ability 无能，无力 -- His inability to concentrate could cause an accident. inspire: fill (sb.) with confidence, eagerness, etc. 激励，鼓舞 -- Martin Luther King, Jr.’s speeches inspired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans. -- The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on. Pattern: inspire sth. in sb. (= inspire sb. with sth.) 使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情 -- He inspires me with hate / dislike. -- It was my father’s courage and devotion that inspired his men with the determination. -- You inspire me with admiration. -- His appearance inspired respect in them. inspiration n. 灵感，启发，鼓舞 (C; UC);给 [使] 人鼓舞的人或事 (C); 想法，主意 (C) formal: a. (too) serious and careful in manner and behavior; based on correct or accepted rules 刻板的，拘谨的;正式的，正规的 -- Business letters are usually formal, but we write in an informal way to family members or friends. rigid: a. (often disapproving) fixed in behavior’ views or methods; based on correct or accepted rules; strict 一成不变的，严格的 -- 如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走。 If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age. -- The rigid headmaster would button up his clothes even on the hottest days. hopelessly: ad. very much; without hope 十分，极度;绝望 -- The story is hopelessly confusing. out of date: old-fashioned 过时的，(式样)陈旧 -- Although her clothes were out of date, the old woman appeared clean and dignified. -- Will denim jeans ever go out of date? 3 severe: a. 1) completely plain 朴实无华 -- The widow wore a severe black dress to her husband’s funeral. 2) stern, strict 严格，严厉，严峻 -- Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force. -- Fu lei was so severe with his son that even his wife would cry. 3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc. 严重，厉害 / 严酷的，残酷的 -- The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-President proved to be a heart attack. -- 工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。 A factory must turn out newer and better products to win in the climate of severe business competition. Cf: severe, stern & strict severe 作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人(severe father 严厉的父亲)，人的面貌(severe look 严厉的神色)， 人的态度(The teacher is severe with his students. 教师对学生 很严厉。)。 stern 与 severe相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容貌或态度: a stern father 和 a severe father 都可以用，但含义稍有不同:a severe father 指对 于子女有严厉的要求，积极的意义较多;a stern father 则指对子女不含温情，要他们 服从，消极的意味较多。 strict 相当于汉语的“严格的”， 须先假定有一种客观的标准(如规章、纪律、 定义、真理等) -- The teacher is strict with his students. -- There is a strict regulation against smoking in the auditorium. severely ad. 严厉地;严重地，深切地;“朴实地” severity n. 严厉，严酷，严峻 (UC)， “严酷 [格] 的状况”等;酷寒，严重;朴实 jaw: n. 颌，颚 -- Which jaw moves up and down when you talk? comic: a. 滑稽的;戏剧的; n. 连环漫画(册) -- Most of these trips had exciting or comic moments. antique: n. 古物，古玩 -- He can tell a real antique from a fake one. tackle: vt. Try to deal with 处理，应付 -- Toshiba (东芝)recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of housework. -- The classroom was quiet as students were busy tackling the final exam. -- The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it. -- Everyone has his own problem to tackle. essay: n. 散文，小品文;论说文 -- The other day I came across and interesting essay on the war with Napoleon. distribute: vt. divide and give out among people, places, etc. 分发，分配，分送 4 -- In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends. finally: ad. at last (usu. Used in the following situations: indicating that sth. is the last one in a series of things or events; introducing a final point, asking a final question, or mentioning a final item; when sth. happens that you have been waiting for a long time, you can say that it finally happens) 最后的;最终，终于 -- Mr. Smith lived in Turkey, France, and Norway before finally settling in Mexico. -- Finally, I should like to thank you all for coming and to wish you a pleasant journey home. -- Finally he came to realize his mistake and apologized to his parents. -- After years of war the two countries finally sighed a peace agreement. final (a. ) 1) 最后的, 末尾的 2) 最后的, 决定性的, 无可改变的 (n.) 决赛, 期终考试 (常 pl.) face up to: be brave enough to accept or deal with (a problem or difficulty) 勇敢地接受或对付，面对，承担 -- Yeltsin faced up to the fact that he was no longer fit for the Russian presidency and resigned on New Year’s Eve. -- 既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就要承担起做父亲的责任。 Now that your daughter is born, you’ll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father. scan: v. look through quickly 浏览，粗略地看 -- The banker scanned the financial section of dozen newspapers over breakfast. -- Scan the table of contents and tell me how many chapters are on child development. Skimming and scanning Skimming and scanning are two major fast reading skills. These two terms (they) are sometimes used interchangeably. Generally, however (But generally,) skimming is defined as the ability to identify(pick out) main ideas while rapidly discarding minor points. Scanning, in contrast, is defined as the ability to locate specific information or facts as rapidly as possible. Usually, when you scan for information, you know what you are looking for before you begin. spaghetti: n. 意大利式细面条 -- Many people consider spaghetti as their favorite food. title: n, a name given to a book, film, etc. 标题，题目 … 加标题，加题目于 vt. Give a name to 给 -- The book was first published in 1969 under the title of “Life and Death”. extraordinary: a. very unusual or strange 不同寻常的;奇特的 -- He is a man of extraordinary talents. sequence: n. connected line of events, ideas, etc. 一系列;一连串相关的事物;次序，顺序 -- 连续的歉收(bad harvest) 迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助(foreign aid)。 A sequence of bad harvests forced some African countries to ask for foreign aid. 5 -- The Fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence. Cf: sequence & series sequence 指“先后衔接的次序”。这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序;也可以是逻 辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次” 中的 “伦次” -- I have a poor memory for dates and often mix up the sequence of events. 我记日期的能力很差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。 -- Your argument lacks logical sequence, for your second point does not follow the first. 你的论据缺乏逻辑先后顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。 series “系列”、“组”，可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西一定自称一 个完整的单位。例如: -- Professor Li will give a series of lectures on the Middle East issue. 李教授将就中东问题作一系列的讲座。 -- The post office has issued a series of stamps commemorating Olympic Games. 邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。 Collocation: in sequence 顺序，挨次 in rapid sequence 紧接着，一个接着一个 in regular sequence 按次序，有条不紊 the sequence of events 事情的先后顺序 sequence of tense 时态的呼应 image: n. a picture formed in the mind 在人心目中的)形象(mental picture or idea); 形象;印象;(图)像 -- Many pop stars try to improve their public image by participating in charity events. -- Through months of letter writing John formed an image of his pen pal. -- I had this image of London in my head, which was totally different from how it really is. -- The government has a very bad image because it continues with plans that nobody likes. Collocation: be the image of 1) 酷像, 极像 2) 是非常...的样子 He’s the image of his father every way. He is the image of good health. in the image of 按...的形象 vivid: able to produce sharp clear pictures in the mind; lifelike 清晰的，历历如画; 生动的，逼真的，活泼的 -- In the little girl’s vivid imagination the curtain wrapped around her body became a princess’s gown. -- The birds were painted in such a vivid way that a cat jumped up to catch them. Adult: a. fully grown person or animal 成年人;成年动物 -- The adults in the family like the world news section. humor: n. 心情;幽默，诙谐 6 -- He is in a good humor today. recall: vt. bring back to the mind; remember (usu. Followed by noun / gerund, or that-clause) 回想起，回忆起 -- I recognize the face but can’t recall her name. -- I don’t recall ever meeting her. -- She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon. -- The makers have recalled a lot of cars that were unsafe -- I don’t recall his name or where I met him. -- I could not recall having heard anyone say that before. -- I can recall stories that my mother told me years ago. (n.) recall & remember & remind: 都与“记忆”有关，前两个有时可通用 recall “想起”把忘记的东西有想起来了，含有意识的努力，常与can, could 等连用，强调一次的记忆 -- Try as I might, I could not recall where I had left the book. 我怎么也想不起来把书丢在哪里了。 -- I remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her. 我记得她的脸，但是想不起来在什么地方见过她。 remember “想起”，用法比较广泛，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志 -- I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library. 你必须记住这个电话号码。 remind “使某人想起”，“提醒”，宾语是人， 后可具体接: 1)宾语;2)宾语，of，宾语;3)宾语，不定式;4)宾语，that-clause -- If I forget it, please remind me. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。 -- This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的事。 -- Remind me to write to Mother. 提醒我给妈妈写信。 -- The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看到钟使我想起我迟到了。 argument: n. 1) disagreement, quarrel 辩论, 争论 -- The bride and her mother got into an argument about whether to wear white or red on her wedding day. -- Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband. 2) a reason given to support or disprove something 论据，论点 -- There are many arguments against smoking. -- 那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。 The famous professor can always drive home an argument. Collocation: get into an argument 加入/卷入争论 break off an argument 中断一场争论 terminate an argument 结束一场争论 7 settle an argument 解决一场争论 a bitter / violent / heated argument 激烈的争论 put forward / offer an argument 提出论点 confute an argument 驳倒一个论点 respectable: a. (of behavior, appearance, etc.) socially acceptable可敬的;体面的;文雅的 -- Are these clothes respectable enough for Mrs Whitehouse’s party? put down: write down 写下 -- What’s the use of a password to your computer if you put it down on a piece paper stuck to the computer screen? -- 管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。 The housekeeper put down the daily expenses in a little notebook. -- Put down what you hear, please. -- Here’s my address – put it down before you forget it. recapture: vt. (lit) bring back into the mind; experience again 再现;再次经历 -- They took a second honeymoon and tried to recapture their earlier happiness. relive: vt. Experience again, esp. in one’s imagination 再体验，重温 -- That was an experience I should not like to relive. violate: vt. act against 违背，违犯，违反 -- Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations. -- A country isn’t respected if it violates an international agreement. -- The actress violated the terms of her contract and was sued by the producer. compose: vt. write or create (music, poetry, etc.) 创作 -- The president’s speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else. -- John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son. -- He teaches music and also composes music. Cf: compose, consist of, comprise & constitute 一般含义都为 “组成” 或 “构成” compose 常见于被动语态，用于 be composed of (be made up of) 的结构，示 “由...构成”; 在用于主动语态时，一般包含着 “融合为一” 的意思， 而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体 名词: -- Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. 混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。 -- England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of great Britain. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。 consist of 意为 “由...构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体: -- New York City consists of five boroughs. 8 纽约市由五个行政区组成。 comprise 可表示 “由...构成”;也可表示 “构成”: -- The committee comprises men of widely different views. 这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。 -- Fifty states comprise the United States. 美国由50个洲组成。 constitute 其主语可是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所 “构成” 的事物在属性和特征上， 抑或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。 -- Seven days constitutes a week. 七天构成一个星期。 turn in: hand in(work that one has done, etc.); give over 交(作业) -- Have you all turned in your homework assigned yesterday? -- We must turn in our books to the library at the end of term. command: 1) n. order 命令，指令 (C) -- The rebellious army would not obey any command from the President. 2) v. give an order to (vt.) 命令，指令 -- The king commanded that the victory day become a national holiday. -- The officer commanded his men to fire. Note: command 后的 that 从句需用虚拟语气“(should) + 原形动词”(如同“suggest, demand”等): -- He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut. Collocation: get command of 控制 have a good command of 能自由应用 have at one's command 能充分掌握 take command of 开始担任...指挥 under (the) command of 由...指挥;在...指挥之下 Cf: command & order command 暗含 “必须服从” 的意思，比较正式: -- The officer commanded his soldiers to open fire on the enemy. 军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。 order 指一般的上级 “命令” 下级，较普通、常用: -- He was ordered to write a full report on the matter. 他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。 Collocation: at sb’s command (表语)听候差遣 [吩咐]， 由 … 掌握 (状语)根据 … 的命令 (定语)由 … 掌握 by sb’s command 根据 … 的命令 in command (of) 指挥，控制 take command of (开始)指挥 the Air command 空军司令部 9 the German High Command 德军统帅部 commandant n. 指挥官，司令 commandeer vt. 征用，强占 commander n. 司令员，指挥员 commanding a. 负责指挥的，威严的;处于控制地位的 discipline: n. punishment; order kept (among school-children, soldiers, etc.) 惩罚，处分;纪律 -- The army was criticized for its harsh discipline. what’s more: in addition, more importantly (also; more importantly, seriously, etc.) 而且，此外;更有甚者 -- 你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像几个月没刷牙了～ How can you love this man? He watches TV all day long, and what’s more, he seems not to have brushed his teeth for months! -- Ms. Stewart manages a successful business and gives a weekly TV cooking show. What’s more, she has already published three books on gardening. contempt: n. 轻视，轻蔑 -- Many voters hold their politicians in contempt. ridicule: n. making or being made fun of 嘲笑，嘲弄;被戏弄 -- I know that ridicule may be a shield, but it is not a weapon. open-hearted: a. sincere, frank 诚挚的 -- He was open-hearted in his wish to help us. hold back: 1) prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.) 控制，抑制(感情、眼泪等) -- People could hardly hold back their anger when they found that millions of dollars of public funds had been used to build luxurious houses for city officials. -- Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears. -- She kept trying to hold back her tears 2) make sb. or sth. stop moving forward; prevent the development of 阻止; 阻碍 -- You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back. 4) keep (sth.) secret 隐瞒，不公布 -- 把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何东西。 Tell me about it -- don't hold anything back. 5) hesitate 踌躇不前，犹豫不定 -- I held back because I wasn’t sure of the way he’d react. avoid: vt. keep or get away from (usu. Followed by noun / gerund) 避免, 避开 (escape) -- He stayed away from the café so that he could avoid running into his former girl friend. -- 我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。 I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 10 -- The pilots had to take emergency action to avoid a disaster. -- The danger can be avoided if we lay our plans carefully. 如果我们计划定得周密，危险就可以避免。 NB: 英语中有些动词或词组后面只能跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，如:avoid, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, miss, postpone, suggest, feel like, give up, put off 等，我们在 使用中要特别注意。 Cf: avoid & escape 均有 “避” 的意思。 avoid “(有意识地)躲避”不愉快的或可能发生的危险或情况，而不是 “逃避”实际的威胁: -- He deliberately avoided seeing me. 他故意回避我。 escape 作及物动词时，表示 “逃脱”， 常用于抽象、借喻的情况中: -- How did he imagine that things like that could escape detection? 他怎么会认为像那样的事情可以不被发觉呢, avoidable (a.) 可以避免的 avoidance (n.) 避免, 回避 demonstration: n. act of showing or proving sth. 表明;证明 -- Can you give us a simple demonstration of gravity? at the eleventh hour: at the last moment before sth. important happens -- 那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取消了。 The president's visit was called off at the eleventh hour. -- John turned in the report at the eleventh hour. career: n. a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one’s life 生涯，事业;职业 -- My farmer parents have never expected me to make novel writing my career. -- In her long career as a journalist, Barbara Walters has interviewed famous people from all over the world. -- We can learn much by reading about the careers of great men. -- 我祖父教了一辈子书，教书是他所干过的唯一的工作。 My grandfather was a career teacher; it's the only job he'd ever done. -- There are many more careers open to women now than fifty years ago. Collocation: carve (out a career for oneself 闯出一番事业;谋求发迹 make a career 在事业上有所成就 in (the) full career 开足马力地，全速地 seal: n. 图章 -- Please put a seal on the box. put / set the seal on: make sth. definite or complete 有了结果， 划上了句号 -- The experience set the seal on their friendship. -- The party at the embassy set / put on (was a suitable way to end) the president’s official visit. 11 大使馆的餐会使总统官方访问划上了圆满的句号。 essence: n. the most important quality of a thing 本质;精髓 -- Accuracy is one of the essence of the English language. congratulation: n. (usu. pl.) expression of joy for sb.’s success, luck, etc. (usu. in plural form, followed by on) 祝贺，恭喜 (ofn. pl.) -- I heard that you have become CEO (Chief Executive Officer 执行总裁) of a high-tech company. Congratulations! We offered our congratulations to Pat on winning the Sports Trophy. In a message of congratulation to the Congress, he says … congratulate vt. 祝贺，道贺 (on); congratulate oneself 庆幸，感到幸运 congratulatory a. 祝贺的 12 13 14