Unit-10-A-Debt-to-Dickens综合教程一PPT课件

Unit10First,youmustpi(c)turetoyourselftha(t)child.Shelingere(d)besidevillagesofboa(t)folk,andsawthemlive,thebabiestie(d)toaropeandsplashingintheshallowerwaters.…theyweretoobusytopaymuchhee(d)toherandsoshewanderedaboutagrea(t)deal,seeingandlearningallsortsofthings.Readthefollowingsentencesaloud,payingspecialattentiontoincompleteplosion.Aplosivewhichhasnoaudiblereleaseisputinbrackets.1.2.3.ReadingaloudPre-readingActivities-Readingaloud1ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformation4.Pre-readingActivities-Readingaloud2ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationIclimbedupagain,finally,andputOliverTwista(t)thebeginning,andbeganonthenextone,whichwasDavi(d)Copperfield.1.QuoteMarkTwain:Themanwhodoesnotreadgoodbookshasnoadvantageoverthemanwhocannotreadthem.CulturalinformationCulturalinformation1ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformation                                                                                              2.Booksthatchangedmylife—ReviewsofbooksthathelpyoubuildnewskillsCulturalinformation2ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformation“Booksthatchangedmylife”isablog.ThebloggerlivesinStockholm,Sweden.Hishopewiththissiteisnotonlytosharenon-fictionbookrecommendationsbuttosharebooksofanexceptionalquality.Inthesamewayhehopesthatthereaderswillhelphimandsharetheirverybestsuggestions.Hereisalistofbooksthatteachthebloggerpracticalskills.Theymightnotbethebestwrittenbooksorthemostexitingonesbuthethinkstheyareinaclassoftheirownontheirrespectivesubjects.Hisfocusofthislististoshowthereaderstheextremelyrareinformativetomesthatwillhelpthemtolearnskillsthatareusefulinlife,incontrasttothemuchmorecommonworksoffictionthatsimplyhelpsthemavoidgoinginsanefromallthecrazinessandstresstheymustputupwiththeirlifeorthenon-fictionthatexposeyoutonewideasorrandomfacts.[Makingmoney]ActiveValueInvestingbyVitalyKatsenelsonEssentialNegotiationbyGavinKennedyCulturalinformation3ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationCulturalinformation4ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformation[Understandpeople]HowtowinfriendsandinfluencepeoplebyDaleCarnegie[Creating]TechniquesofthesellingwriterbyDwightSwainOnDirectingFilmbyDavidMametWatchavideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatdoesthewomanplantodo?AudiovisualsupplementPre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplements1ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationShewantstowriteherownblogabouthercooking,followingtheJuliaChildCookbook’sdirection,whichmeanstofinish524recipeswithin365days.2.Whatcanweimplyfromthevideo?JulielovesJuliaChildCookbookverymuch.AndsheisgreatlyinfluencedbythewriterJuliaChild.Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplements3ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationJulie:Eric:Julie:Eric:Julie:Eric:Julie:So,I’llcookmywaythroughthe“JuliaChildCookbook”…andwriteablogaboutit.ButI’llprobablyneedadeadline.Why?Becauseotherwise,it’llbelikeeverythingelseIdo.‘Causelet’sfaceit,Ineverfinishanything.Hey!Well,it’strue.YouknowwhyIthinkitis?ADD.[AttentionDeficitDisorder]YouhaveADD?Yes,that’swhyI’msobadathousework.VideoScript1ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationVideoScript2ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationEric:Julie:Eric:Julie:Eric:Julie:Oh,isthatit?I’msaying,adeadlinewouldbegood.Soadeadline.Ilovedeadlines.Ilovethesoundtheymakeastheygowhooshingpast.Hitchhiker’s“GuidetotheGalaxy”.Imeanit.Ok.Soayear,orso.Ayear?Thisthingweighsliketwopounds.Ihaveafull-timejob.SometimesIdon’tgethomeuntil8or9o’clockand…and…It’scrazy.It’scrazy.Isitcrazy?VideoScript3ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationEric:Julie:Eric:Julie:Eric:Julie:Eric:Julie:Yes,yes…Ok,youwanttodoBlogZ?Yes.BlogZitis.NobodyherebutusservantlessAmericancooks.“ServantlessAmericancooks.”Whatdoyouthink?Loveit.“Startblogging.”[typing]TheJulie/JuliaProject.Thebook,masteringtheartofFrenchCooking.Firstedition,1961bySimoneBeck,LouisetteBertholle,and,ofcourse,JuliaChild,thewomanwhotaughtAmericaVideoScript4ReadingaloudAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationJulie:tocookandtoeat.It’s40yearslaterandnoonecantouchher.Thechallenge:365days,524recipes.TheContender:JuliePowell.Governmentemployeebyday,renegadefoodiebynight.Riskinghermarriage,herjob,andhercat’swell-being,shehassignedonforaderangedassignment.Howfaritwillgo,noonecansay.MainideaGlobalReading-Mainidea1MainideaStructuralanalysis1.Whatdoesthisnarrativetexttellus?ThistextfirsttellsusaboutthemostindelibleexperiencesthewriterwentthroughwhenshelivedanisolatedlifeasachildintheremoteChinesecountryside.Next,thetextdescribesandrelateshowshediscoveredandreadanddigestedDickens’novels.Then,ithighlightsthewaysinwhichthewriterbenefitedimmenselyfromDickens.GlobalReading-Mainidea2MainideaStructuralanalysis2.Whatisthemainpurposeofthewriter?Thewriter’smainpurposeistoemphasizethatsheisimmenselygratefultoCharlesDickens,forshehasbeenenlightenedagreatdealbyhim,andthatDickens’novels,whichdealwithreallifeandrealpeopleandexploresignificantandpermanenttopics,constitutearewardingheritageofmankind,andthereforearewellworthreadingandstudying.StructuralanalysisStructuralanalysis11.Howisthefirstparagraphassociatedwiththelastone?InthefirstparagraphthewritermakesitclearthatshehasowedCharlesDickensaheavydebtbyreadinghisnovels.AndtheonlywaytohonorherobligationistowritedownwhatCharlesDickensdidforher.Inthelastparagraph,thewritersaysshewasdeeplyinfluencedbyhim.Thus,theconcludingpartofthenarrativetextisnaturallyconnectedwiththebeginningpart.MainideaStructuralanalysis2.Workoutthestructureofthetextbycompletingthetable.Paragraph(s)Mainidea12-3ItintroducesthesettingandtherelationshipbetweenthewriterandCharlesDickens.ThewriterrecallsherisolatedchildhoodlifeinaremoteChinesecountryside,herunpleasantexperiencesandthepainfulfeelingshehadbecauseshewasaforeigner.Structuralanalysis2MainideaStructuralanalysisStructuralanalysis3Paragraph(s)Mainidea4-67Thewriternarratesanddescribesherexperiencesasavoraciousreader.ThewriterhighlightsDickens’greatinfluenceuponher.MainideaStructuralanalysisIhavelonglookedforanopportunitytopayacertaindebtwhichIhaveowedsinceIwassevenyearsold.Debtsareusuallyburdens,butthisisnoordinarydebt,anditisnoburden,exceptasthefeelingofwarmgratitudemayacheinoneuntilitisexpressed.MydebtistoanEnglishman,wholongagoinChinarenderedaninestimableservicetoasmallAmericanchild.ThatchildwasmyselfandthatEnglishmanwasCharlesDickens.IknownobetterwaytomeetmyobligationthantowritedownwhatCharlesDickensdidinChinaforanAmericanchild.ADebttoDickensDetailedreading1Detailedreading1First,youmustpicturetoyourselfthatchild,livingquitesolitaryinaremoteChinesecountryside,inasmallmissionbungalowpercheduponahillamongthericefieldsinthevalleysbelow.Intheneardistancewoundthatdeep,treacherous,goldenriver,theYangtse,andsomeofthemostterrifyingandsinister,aswellasthemostdelightfulandexcitingmomentsofthatchild’slife,werespentbesidetheriver.Shelovedtocrawlalongitsbanksupontherocksoruponthemuddyflatsandwatchfortheliftingofthehugefour-squarenetsthathungintothemovingyellowflood,andseeoutofthatfloodcomeperhapsagainandagainanemptynet,butsometimesgreatflashing,twistingsilverbodiesoffish.Detailedreading2.1Detailedreading2Detailedreading2.2DetailedreadingShelingeredbesidevillagesofboatfolk,andsawthemlive,thebabiestiedtoaropeandsplashingintheshallowerwaters.Butshesawbabiesdeadthrownintothedeepwaters.Shewanderedsmallandalienamongthefarmfolkintheearthenhousesamongthefields.Sheacceptedabowlofriceandcabbageoftenatmealtimeandsatamongthepeasantsonthethreshingflooraboutthedoorandate,usuallyinsilence,listeningandlistening,answeringtheirkindly,carelessquestions,bearingwithshy,painfulsmilestheirkindteasinglaughteratheryellowcurlsandunfortunateblueeyes,Detailedreading3.1Detailedreadingwhichtheythoughtsougly.Shewas,sheknew,veryalien.Uponthestreetsofthegreatcitywheresometimesshewentshelearnedtoacceptthecryofforeigndevil,andtorealizeshewasaforeigndevil.Shegrewfromaverytinychildintoabiggerchild,stillknowingshewasalien.Howeverkindlythepeopleabouthermightbe,andtheyweremuchmoreoftenkindthannot,sheknewthatshewasforeigntothem.Andshewonderedverymuchaboutherownfolkandwheretheywereandhowtheylookedandatwhattheyplayed.3Detailedreading3.2DetailedreadingButshedidnotknow.Inthebungalowwereherparents,verybusy,very,verybusy,andwhenshelearnedherlessonsinthemorningquickly,theyweretoobusytopaymuchheedtoherandsoshewanderedaboutagreatdeal,seeingandlearningallsortsofthings.Shehadfun.Butveryoftensheusedtowonder,“Wherearetheotherchildrenlikeme?Whatisitlikeinthecountrywheretheylive?”Shelongedverymuch,Icanremember,tohavesomeofthemtoplaywith.Butsheneverhadthem.Tothissmall,isolatedcreaturetherecameonedayanextraordinaryaccident.Shewasanimpossiblyvoraciousreader.Shewouldliketohavehadchildren’sbooks,buttherewerenone,andsoshereadeverything,—Plutarch’sLivesandFoxe’sMartyrs,theBible,churchhistory,andthehotspotsinJonathanEdwards’ssermons,andconversationsoutofShakespeare,andbitsofTennysonandBrowningwhichshecouldnotunderstandatall.Thenonedayshelookeddoubtfullyatalongrowofsomberbluebooksonaveryhighshelf.Theywerequitebeyondherreach.Detailedreading4.1Detailedreading4Latershediscoveredthiswasbecausetheywerenovels.Butbeingdesperatesheputathree-corneredbamboostoolontopofasmalltableandclimbedupandstaredatthebindingsandinfadedblacktitlesshereadOliverTwist,byCharlesDickens.Shewasthenalittlepastsevenyearsold.ItwasaveryhotAugustday,intheafternoonaboutthreeo’clock,whenthehouseholdwasasleep,allexcepttheindefatigableparents,andtheywerevery,verybusy.ShetookOliverTwistoutofitsplace—itwasfatandthick,forHardTimeswasboundwithit—andingreatperildescended,andstoppinginthepantryforapocketfullofpeanuts,Detailedreading4.2Detailedreadingshemadeofftoasecretcorneroftheverandaintowhichonlyasmall,agilechildcouldsqueeze,andopenedthecloselyprintedpagesofanoldedition,anddiscoveredherplaymates.HowcanImakeyouknowwhatthatdiscoverywastothatsmall,lonelychild?ThereinthatcornerabovethecountryroadinChina,withvendorspassingbeneathme,Ienteredintomyownheritage.Icannottellyouaboutthosehours.IknowIwasrousedatsixo’clockbythecalltomysupper,andIlookedaboutdazed,todiscoverthelongraysofthelateafternoonsunstreamingacrossthevalleys.Detailedreading5.1Detailedreading5Detailedreading5.2DetailedreadingIremembertwiceIclosedthebookandburstintotears,unabletobearthetragedyofOliverTwist,andthenopeneditquicklyagain,burningtoknowmore.Iremember,mostsignificantofall,thatIforgottotouchapeanut,andmypocketwasstillquitefullwhenIwascalled.Iwenttomysupperinadream,andreadaslateasIdaredinmybedafterward,andsleptwiththebookundermypillow,andwokeagainintheearlymorning.WhenOliverTwistwasfinished,andafteritHardTimes,Iwaswretchedwithindecision.IfeltImustreaditallstraightoveragain,andyetIwasvoraciousforthatlongrowofbluebooks.Whatwasinthem?Iclimbedupagain,Detailedreading6.1Detailedreadingfinally,andputOliverTwistatthebeginning,andbeganonthenextone,whichwasDavidCopperfield.Iresolvedtoreadstraightthroughtherowandthenbeginatthebeginningoncemoreandreadstraightthroughagain.ThisprogramIcarriedonpersistently,overandover,forabouttenyears,andafterthatIstillkeptaDickensbookonhand,sotospeak,todipintoandfeelmyselfathomeagain.TodayIhaveforhimafeelingwhichIhavefornootherhumansoul.Heopenedmyeyestopeople,hetaughtmetoloveallsortsofpeople,highandlow,richandpoor,theoldandlittlechildren.6Detailedreading6.2DetailedreadingHetaughtmetohatehypocrisyandpiousmouthingofunctuouswords.Hetaughtmethatbeneathgruffnesstheremaybekindness,andthatkindnessisthesweetestthingintheworld,andgoodnessisthebestthingintheworld.Hetaughtmetodespisemoneygrubbing.Peopletodaysayheisobviousandsentimentalandchildishinhisanalysisofcharacter.Itmaybeso,andyetIhavefoundpeoplesurprisinglylikethosehewroteabout—thegoodalittlelessundiluted,perhaps,andtheevilalittlemoremixed.AndIdonotregretthatsimplicityofhis,forithaditsownvirtue.Thevirtuewasagreatzestforlife.Detailedreading7DetailedreadingIfhesaweverythingblackandwhite,itwasbecauseliferushedoutofhimstrongandclear,fullofloveandhate.Hegavemethatzest,thatimmensejoyinlifeandinpeople,andintheirvariety.ThisiswhatCharlesDickensdidforme.HisinfluenceIcannotlose.Hehadmadehimselfapartofmeforever.7Paragraph1Questions1)Howdoyouinterpretthedebtwhichthewriterhasowedsinceshewassevenyearsold?Detailedreading1--Quesion1.1Accordingtothecontext,thedebtthewriterhasowedisnotasumofunpaidmoney,instead,itisherfeelingofwarmgratitudetoCharlesDickens,wholongagoinChinarenderedaninestimableservicetoher.DetailedreadingParagraph1Questions2)Intheeyesofthewriter,whatisthebestwaytopayherdebttoCharlesDickens?Detailedreading1--Quesion1.2Asfarasthewritercansee,thebestwaytoexpressherheartfeltthankstoDickensistowritedownwhatCharlesDickensdidforherinChinaalongtimeago.DetailedreadingParagraph2QuestionWhatisthemessagethatisstressedinthesecondparagraph?Detailedreading1--Quesion2Whilelivinginthatremoteruralarea,thenarratorasasmallchildwasveryalientothepeopleandwaslaughedplayfullyatandthoughtofasuglyandevenunfortunatebythem.DetailedreadingParagraph3Questions1)Whatisthemessagethisisrepeatedlyemphasized?Detailedreading1--Quesion3.1Therepeatedmessageisthatasshegrewintoabiggerchild,shestillfeltthatshewasalienandforeigntothepeoplearound.DetailedreadingDetailedreading1--Quesion3.2ThemainideaofParagraph3isthatasshestillfeltalien,andasherparentsweretoobusytopayanyheedtoher,shelongedverymuchtohavecompanions,butshehadnone.DetailedreadingParagraph3Questions2)WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?Paragraph4QuestionWhydidthenarratorsay,“Shewasanimpossiblevoraciousreader”?Detailedreading1--Quesion4Therewerenobookssuitableforhertoreadinthatremotevillage.Sinceshehadthedesiretoread,shesearchedandreadallthebooksshecouldfindinsteadofbeingfrustrated.DetailedreadingParagraph5QuestionHowdoesthenarratordescribethewayshereadthenovelOliverTwist?Detailedreading1--Quesion5Oneday,theauthordiscoveredthebooknamedOliveTwistbyCharlesDickens.Sheburiedherselfreadingthebookallday.DetailedreadingDickenswasamanofsimplicityandhasagreatzestforlife,andalsoamanfullofhateandlove.Paragraph6Questions1)InwhatwayswasthenarratorgreatlybenefitedorenlightenedbyDickens?Heopenedhereyestopeople,andtaughthertoloveallsortsofpeople,tohatehypocrisyandpiousmouthingofunctuouswords.Hegaveheranimmensezestforlife,thatimmensejoyinlifeandinpeople,andintheirvariety.Inshort,thenarratorlearnedmanyinvaluablethingsfromCharlesDickens.2)WhatcommentsdoesthenarratormakeonDickens?Detailedreading1--Quesion6.1Detailedreading“Heopenedmyeyestopeople,hetaughtmetoloveallsortsofpeople,highandlow,richandpoor,theoldandlittlechildren.Hetaughtmetohatehypocrisyandpiousmouthingofunctuouswords.Hetaughtmethatbeneathgruffnesstheremaybekindness,andthatkindnessisthesweetestthingintheworld,andgoodnessisthebestthingintheworld.Hetaughtmetodespisemoneygrubbing.”Thesesentencesarecharacterizedbyparallelism,byvirtueofwhichtheyarefluidandsmooth,expressiveandimpressive.Detailedreading1--Quesion6.2DetailedreadingParagraph6Questions3)PointoutthesentencesinParagraph6thatareparalleltoeachother.Whatrhetoricaleffectcanparallelismproduct?ThefirstsentenceofParagraph7playsthefunctionofconnectingtheconcludingpartnaturallywiththebeginningpartofthetext.2)Whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph?ThelastparagraphemphasizesthatDickenshasexertedalastinginfluenceuponthenarrator,andthatDickenshasbecomepartofherforever.Paragraph7Questions1)Whatisthetextualfunctionofthefirstsentenceofthisparagraph?Detailedreading1--Quesion7.1Detailedreadingrender:v.causesb.orsth.tobeinaparticularcondition;givesth.tosb.ordosth.,becauseitisyourdutyorbecausesb.expectsyoutoDetailedreading1–render1e.g.Hewasrenderedalmostspeechlessbythenews.Itisanobligationofourstorenderassistancetothoseinneed.DetailedreadingDerivation:rendering:n.Detailedreading1–render2DetailedreadingHisfatnessrendershimunabletotouchhistoes.Translation:他很胖，连自己的脚趾也够不着。Youwillbeexpectedtorenderanaccountofmoneythatisowed.请你发出借欠清单。inestimable:adj.toogreat,precious,etc.tobeestimatedDetailedreading1–inestimablee.g.Youradvicehasbeenofinestimablevaluetous.Thevalueofyourassistanceisinestimable.DetailedreadingSynonym:invaluableobligation:sth.thatmustbedonebecauseofadutyorpromiseDetailedreading1–obligation1e.g.Youcanlookaroundtheshopwithnoobligationtobuy.Weattendedthepartymoreoutofasenseofobligationthananythingelse.我们参加那个聚会是迫于人情，而并无别的原因。DetailedreadingDerivations:oblige:v.obliged:adj.Detailedreading1–obligation2DetailedreadingEveryonehasalegalobligationtoprovidethetaxofficewithdetailsoftheirearnings.Translation:Collocation:underanobligation(to):havingaduty(to)e.g.Weareinvited,butweareundernoobligationtogo.每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供自己的收入详情。MydebtistoanEnglishman,wholongagoinChinarenderedaninestimableservicetoasmallAmericanchild.Paraphrase:IcherishthefeelingofwarmgratitudetowardsanEnglishman,whodidaninvaluableservicetoasmallAmericanchildalongtimeagoinChina.Detailedreading1--Mydebtistoan…DetailedreadingExplanation:我亏欠了一个英国人的恩情，很久以前在中国，他为一个美国小女孩提供了无价的帮助。e.g.Teachershaveanobligationtotreatallstudentsequally.Parentsareunderalegalobligationtoeducatetheirchildren.somethingthatmustbedonebecauseofadutyorpromiseIknownobetterwaytomeetmyobligationthantowritedownwhatCharlesDickensdidinChinaforanAmericanchild.Paraphrase:AsfarasIcansee,thebestwaytoexpressmywarmgratitudetoCharlesDickensistoputinblackandwhitetheinestimableserviceherenderedinChinatoanAmericanchild.Detailedreading1--Iknownobetter…DetailedreadingExplanation:obligationsolitary:adj.spendingalotoftimealone;doingsth.withoutanycompanionDetailedreading1--solitarye.g.Onesolitarytreegrewonthemountainside.Pandasaresolitarycreatures.DetailedreadingSynonym:aloneAntonyms:sociable;accompaniedtreacherous:adj.behavingwithtreachery,(showingsignsof)betrayingapersonorcausesecretly;dangerous,esp.whenseemingtobesafeDetailedreading1--treacherouse.g.Wecannottrusttreacherouspeople.Theiceonthelakeistreacherous,notasstrongorthickasitlooks.DetailedreadingDerivation:treachery:n.Synonym:unreliablelinger:v.stayforalongtimeandbereluctanttoleave;beslow;dawdleDetailedreading1–linger1e.g.Shelingeredaftertheconcert,hopingtomeetthestar.Theylingeredovercoffeeandmissedthetrain.DetailedreadingDerivations:lingerer:n.lingering:adj.Synonyms:stay;remainDetailedreading1–linger2DetailedreadingCollocations:lingerabout/around/onThepainlingeredonforweeks.Translation:病痛持续了好几个星期。事情是过去了，但人们对此记忆犹新。Theeventisover,butthememorylingerson.alien:adj.foreign;strange;unfamiliar;contraryDetailedreading1–alien1e.g.Asshestayedinanalienland,shelivedinanalienenvironment.Suchprinciplesarealientoourreligion.DetailedreadingDerivation:alienate:vDetailedreading1–alien2DetailedreadingCollocation:aliento:verydifferentinnatureorcharacter,esp.sodifferentastocausedislikeoroppositione.g.Theirideasarequitealientoourwayofthinking.Antonym:nativeheed:v.giveattentionto;considerseriouslyDetailedreading1–heede.g.Shedidn’theedmywarning/advice.Theiroffspringdonotheedtowhattheysay.DetailedreadingDerivations:heed:n.heedful:adj.heedless:adj.Collocations:payheedtotakeheed(ofsth.)First,youmustpicturetoyourselfthatchild,livingquitesolitaryinaremoteChinesecountryside,inasmallmissionbungalowpercheduponahillamongthericefieldsinthevalleysbelow.Paraphrase:First,youneedtoformamentalimageofthatchild,whowaslivingaverylonelylifeinadistantChineseruralarea,andwhosefamilylivedinasmallone-storyhouseinasettlementwheremissionarieshadtheirhomes,thesmallone-storyhouselocatedonahillamongthericefieldsinthevalleysbelow.Detailedreading1–First,youmustpicture1…DetailedreadingItistobenotedthatthemodalverbmustinthissentenceindicatesthenarrator’sadviceorrecommendationtoreaders,andthattheadjective“solitary”functionsassubjectcomplement,tellingreadersthatthechildwaslonelywhenlivinginaremoteChinesecountryside.Explanation:Detailedreading1–First,youmustpicture2…DetailedreadingShelingeredbesidevillagesofboatfolk,andsawthemlive,thebabiestiedtoaropeandsplashingintheshallowerwaters.Paraphrase:Shestayednearvillagesoffishermenandtheirfamilies,reluctanttoleave.Shewitnessedhowtheylived.Shesawtheirbabiesfastenedwitharopeandsittingorstandingintheshallowerwatersandplayingwithwater.Detailedreading1–Shelingeredbeside1…Detailedreading她流连于渔民聚集的村落，观看他们的生活，许多婴儿都用绳子系着在浅滩里戏水。Detailedreading1–Shelingeredbeside2…DetailedreadingExplanation:Watersmeansamassofwaterinariver,lake,