孩子缺什么,如何判断,如何补(钙铁锌硒维生素)

孩子缺什么,如何判断,如何补(钙铁锌硒维生素) 孩子缺什么，如何判断，如何补(钙铁锌硒维生素) 宝宝不会说话，吃到不适合的奶粉可不会告诉宝妈们，所以有些宝妈第一次会分别喂不同的奶粉来试验，费时费力，而且对宝宝肠胃不好。如果你想轻松为宝宝选对的奶粉，可在文章最后点“阅读原文”进行测测，问妈测过很有用哦～ 钙: 一.缺钙症状: 1.常现为多汗，与温度无关，尤其是入睡后头部出汗，使小儿头颅不断磨 擦枕头，久之颅后可见枕秃圈。 2.精神烦躁，对周围环境不感兴趣，有时家长发现小儿不如以往活泼。 3.夜惊，夜间常突然惊醒，啼哭不止。 4.1岁以后的小儿表现为出牙晚，有的小儿1岁半时仍未出牙，前囱门闭合延迟，常在1岁半后仍不闭合。 5.前额高突，形成方颅。 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 6.常有串珠肋，是由于缺乏维生素D，肋软骨增生，各个肋骨的软骨增生连起似串珠样，常压迫肺脏，使小儿通气不畅，容易患气管炎，肺炎。 小儿缺钙严重时，肌肉肌腱均松弛。如果腹壁肌肉、肠壁肌肉松弛，可引起肠腔内积气而形成腹部膨大如蛙腹状。如果是脊柱的肌腱松弛，可出现驼背。1岁以后小儿学走路，如果缺钙，可使骨质软化，站立时身体重量使下肢弯曲，有的表现为"X"形腿，有的表现为"O"形腿，并且容易发生骨折。 二.缺钙原因: 1. 婴儿生长速度很快，钙的需要量相对较多，但我国居民每天膳食中钙的摄入量往往达不到推荐的摄入量。因此，现在多主张婴儿从出生后2周起，便应该额外补充1/3推荐量的钙剂，而且至少要一直补充到2岁，否则很容易缺钙。 2. 首先，中国人传统的膳食结构虽有很多优点，但缺少含钙高的食物。 3. 许多人并不了解什么是正确、有效的补钙方式。有人会说，钙片里都是钙，补钙效果肯定最好。其实不尽然。钙片中的钙多为无机钙或有机钙(葡萄糖酸钙)等，这些人工合成钙制剂的吸收率并不如乳钙理想。碳酸钙是最容易被人体吸收的钙，乳钙的吸收率40%，而一些有机钙的吸收率只有20%左右。无机钙的吸收率虽说和乳钙相差无几，但对ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 肠胃刺激较大。因此，通过含钙量高的食物，是补钙最好的选择。维生素D是钙被骨髓吸收的载体，钙之缘片内含维生素D，可使钙吸收成倍增加。再次，钙的吸收需要维生素D3的帮忙，否则钙只会在体内“匆匆地来，匆匆地走”。而维生素D3有利于钙在骨骼上的沉积，并减少流失。因此，强化了维生素D3的牛奶或奶粉补钙的效果会更胜一筹。 三.补钙: 中国居民膳食钙参考摄入量: 年龄 每日参考摄入量(mg) 0-6个月 300 1岁—4岁 400 4岁—7岁 600 7岁—11岁 800 11岁—18岁 1000 孕妇中期 1000 孕妇晚期 1200 乳母 1200 1.多食用钙质含量高的食物，如:牛奶、酸奶、奶酪、泥鳅、河蚌、螺、虾米、小虾皮、海带、酥炸鱼、牡蛎、花生、芝麻酱、豆腐、松籽、甘蓝菜、花椰菜、白菜、油菜等。 2.多做体育运动 (运动可使肌肉互相牵拉，强烈的刺激骨骼，加强血液循环和新陈代谢，减少钙质丢失，推迟骨骼老化，同时有利于人体对饮食中钙的吸收)。 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 3.多晒太阳(紫外线能够促进体内VD的合成利于钙的吸收。但紫外线不能穿透玻璃所以不能隔着玻璃晒太阳)。或者使用ZZ-2紫外线治疗仪照射皮肤促进钙的吸收。 4.吃好早餐。 5.对含草酸多的蔬菜先焯水破坏草酸(草酸能影响钙的吸收)，然后再烹调。如:甘蓝菜、花椰菜、菠菜、苋菜、空心菜、芥菜、雪菜、竹笋。 6.单独补充——补钙和补充其他矿物质分开补充。 7. 吃含有维生素D的钙片补充。 8. 在临睡前食用，或午餐和晚餐之间食用更容易被吸收。 铁 一.缺铁症状 孩子缺铁可致缺铁性贫血，3岁内的小儿最常见。多在3、4个月以后，胎储铁用完，母奶含铁少。小儿面色变苍白(以唇、眼睑、指甲最明显)，食欲不振，烦躁不安，活动后呼吸急促、脉搏加快，还可有肝、脾肿大，异食癖，小婴儿大哭时可有呼吸暂停(背过气);幼儿及学龄儿童可有多动，注意力不集中，理解力差，上课做小动作等。还可致免疫功能降低而易患感染性疾病。轻症血红蛋白9—11克/百毫升，中度6—9克，重症6克以下。红细胞小，为小细胞性贫血。 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 二.补铁方法 1、多吃富含铁元素的食物。食物中的铁有两种存在形式:非血红素铁及血红素铁。非血红素铁主要存在于植物性食物中，由于受其它食物成分的干扰，吸收率极低，米面中铁的吸收率只有1% , 3%。血红素主要存在于动物性食品中，不受其它食物成分干扰，吸收率较高，如肝脏中铁的吸收率达10% , 20%，能让大家补铁补血更充分。 2、多吃促进铁吸收的食物。维生素C 可以促进铁的吸收，维生素C 是一个强还原剂，能使食物中的铁转变为能吸收的亚铁，猕猴桃、柑橘、橙子、西红柿等果蔬都富含维生素C。饭前饭后喝茶会抑制铁的吸收。 3、吃强化食物。在奶粉、米粉、豆浆中，有很多都是特别添加了铁的，“铁”的强化食物中食物标签上都有特别注明，选择合适的购买就可以。目前市面上有两种强化食品，一类是按婴儿食品国家标准强化的，每100 克含铁6~10 毫克;另一种属于特殊的铁强化食品，每100 克含铁高达40 毫克。后者不适合给宝宝食用。建议补铁同时补点维生素。“铁锅补铁”是误传 在中国传统膳食烹饪中，使用最多的炊具是铁锅、铁铲，有报道称，使用铁锅烹饪，可增加铁的摄入量。对此，在营养界，标准的说法是用铁锅烹饪食物可能增加饮食中铁的含量，这只是可能，并非一定。有的市民认为吃含铁量高的食物时搭配牛奶，更有利于铁的吸收，尤娅利提醒，这种观点也是错误的，因为各种食物中所含的铁须在人的消化道中转化成“亚铁”才能被胃肠吸收，在转化过程中，牛奶中的磷、ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 钙易与其他物质反应，产生不易溶化的含铁化合物，反而不利于人体吸收，因此，喝牛奶后2小时再吃补铁食物比较适宜。 补铁莫过量，过量容易造成铁中毒，可能直接腐蚀胃肠粘膜，以致出现呕吐、腹泻、黑便、腹痛和胃肠炎等症状。 锌 一.缺锌症状 ?食欲减退:挑食、厌食、拒食，普遍食量减少，孩子没有饥饿感，不主动进食; ?乱吃奇奇怪怪的东西。比如:咬指甲、衣物、啃玩具、硬物、吃头发、纸屑、生米、墙灰、泥土、沙石等; ?生长发育缓慢，身高比同龄组的低3—6厘米，体重轻2—3公斤; ?免疫力低下，经常感冒发烧，反复呼吸道感染如:扁桃体炎、支气管炎、肺炎、出虚汗、睡觉盗汗等; ?指甲出现白斑，手指长倒刺，出现地图舌(舌头表面有不规则的红白相间图形); ?多动、反应慢、注意力不集中、学习能力差; ?视力问题:视力下降，容易导致夜视困难、近视、远视、散光等; ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung ?皮肤损害:出现外伤时，伤口不容易愈合;易患皮炎、顽固性湿疹; 容易缺锌的高危宝宝 高危人群一:怀孕期间锌摄取量不足的孩子。孕期对锌的需求量约为100毫克，其中大概50%被胎儿吸收，而胎儿对锌的需求在孕晚期达到峰值，如果准妈妈的一日三餐中缺乏含锌食品，势必会影响胎儿对锌的利用，使体内贮备的锌过早被吸收，孩子出生后就易出现缺锌症状。 高危人群二:发生早产的孩子。早产将导致孩子失去在妈妈体内贮备锌元素的黄金时间，造成先天性锌不足。 高危人群三:非母乳喂养的孩子。母乳含锌量极丰富，可达正常人血锌浓度的6,7倍，这个数值更是远远超过了营养价值极高的牛奶，更重要的是其吸收率高达42%，这是任何非母乳食品都不能企及的。因此，如果您的孩子是非母乳喂养，就更应该注意是否缺锌了～ 高危人群四:偏食多动的孩子。爱动是孩子的天性，特别是在炎热的夏季因爱动每天随汗液排出的锌丢失量可达2~3毫克，如果恰恰你的孩子又存在挑食偏食的情况，那难免要中招了。 高危人群五:体弱多病的孩子。体弱多病的孩子往往食欲减退，动物性蛋白摄入较少，导致食物中含锌量不足;有些孩子因生病长时间依赖单纯性静脉输液也易出现锌摄入量不足。 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 高危人群六:另外还有一些个别的孩子，如消化吸收功能不好，容易腹泻的孩子也容易缺锌。 二.缺锌原因 锌缺乏症状在宝宝的生长发育过程中比较常见，缺锌的主要原因就是由于饮食结构不合理，营养不均衡导致锌元素的摄入量不足。锌从生理功能上来说主要是促进生长发育。如果宝宝缺锌就会使得宝宝的机体生理功能产生紊乱。 中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所的最新调查结果表明，中国少年儿童的缺锌率高达60%，这60%的儿童每日锌摄入量不足世卫组织推荐量的一半，也就是说每2个孩子中就有1个缺锌～ 三.补锌方法 1.多吃含锌多食物:瘦牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、鸡心、鱼、牡蛎、蛋黄、脱脂奶粉、小麦胚芽、芝麻、核桃、牡蛎豆类、花生、小米、萝卜 缺锌宝宝的补锌营养餐 油淋莴笋 原料:嫩莴笋、葱丝、花生油、盐、味道 制作步骤: ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 1、将莴笋去皮洗净，切成细长条状。烧锅加水，待水开后，放入莴笋，大火滚开后关火。 2、将莴笋捞起，放入盛有冷水的容器中，过水后捞出放入盘中。撒少许盐、味精腌制。 3、热锅下油至80度左右，淋入摆放好的莴笋上，撒上葱花即可。 推荐理由:清淡爽口，制作简单。其含锌量约7.86毫克。莴笋所含矿物质比其他蔬菜高5倍，对儿童缺锌引起的消化不良、厌食等症有很好的疗效。 萝卜番茄汤 原料:胡萝卜、西红柿、鸡蛋、葱、花生油、盐、味精 制作步骤: 1、胡萝卜、西红柿去皮切厚片。热锅下油，倒入胡萝卜翻炒几次，注入清汤，中火烧开。 2、待胡萝卜熟时，放入西红柿，加上各味调料。 3、把鸡蛋打散倒入，撒上葱花即可。 推荐理由: ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 此汤含锌量约35.55毫克。西红柿有清热解毒的作用，所含胡萝卜素及矿物质是缺锌补益的佳品;对儿童疳积、缺锌性侏儒解毒有一定疗效。 2.食用一些补锌补品 常见补锌制剂的比较: 第一代无机锌——代表产品“硫酸锌”:有明显副作用，现市场基本已经淘汰。 第二代有机锌——代表产品“甘草锌”:吸收率一般，副作用略小，对于肠道功能发育不全的儿童不适宜。 第三代生物锌——代表产品“蛋白锌”，吸收率高，蛋白锌中的锌含量很低，而且有些宝宝表现为蛋白不耐受。蛋白质和锌结合相对牢固，在胃中不会析出锌离子，不会造成胃肠刺激。蛋白锌，也叫锌蛋白、锌结合蛋白，顾名思义是蛋白质和锌的结合物，从蛋白质的来源看，主要分植物蛋白、动物蛋白和微生物蛋白，蛋白锌也可以从这三个来源获得。从目前的技术看，人们还是从生物体获得，因此蛋白锌也可以叫生物锌。因为蛋白质的大小、结构不同，蛋白锌的吸收率、生物利用度也千差万别。 葡萄糖酸锌片相对比较容易吸收，还要看每片锌的含量。 年龄 推荐量 初生—6个月婴儿 3毫克 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 7-12个月婴儿 5毫克 1-3岁幼儿 10毫克 孕妇 20毫克 乳母 20毫克 正常成人 10-15毫克 硒 一.缺硒的症状 主要侵犯心脏，出现心律失常、心动过速或过缓及心脏扩大，最后导致心功能衰竭，心源性休克。大骨节病主要病变是骨端的软骨细胞变性坏死，肌肉萎缩，影响骨骼生长发育，在土壤中低硒的地区，还发现一种医学上称为“肌肉综合症”的病人，表现为肌肉疼痛，行走乏力。 二.补硒方法 缺硒可以通过食补、药补两种途径来完成补充。人体补硒应根据对身体微量元素的结果，遵照“缺多少硒补多少，不缺不补，食补为主、药补为辅”的原则。 日常生活中含硒较多的食物有海味品、肉类(特别是动物的肾脏)以及大米、谷类等。蛋类含硒量多于肉类，如每100克食物中，猪肉含硒10.6微克，鸡蛋含硒23.3微克，鸭蛋含硒30.7微克，鹅蛋含硒33.6微克，人参含硒15微克，花生含硒13.7微克。富含硒的食品除啤酒酵母、ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 小麦胚芽、大蒜、芦笋、蘑菇及芝麻外，还包括许多海产品，如大虾、金枪鱼、沙丁鱼等。 补硒的方法有很多。动物脏器、海产品、鱼、蛋、肉类等是硒的良好来源，多吃这些食物可以安全有效的补硒。但是，有些人的吸收功能欠缺，因此就需要服用体恒健硒维康等高活性易吸收的保健食品来进行补充。市面上出售的含硒保健品、食品即硒营养补充剂种类很多。吃这些含硒制品能不能纠正缺硒现象，主要取决于它们的含硒量。根据观察:我国成年人每日食物外补硒25微克以上有保健作用;缺硒成年人每日食物外补硒50微克或75微克以上，连续服2,3个月，可纠正缺硒。 值得注意的是，很多保健品里不仅仅含有硒，还含有其他成分，如矿物质、维生素等。因此，在服用时，一定要明确其中的含量，结合自己的饮食和所用药物，避免发生过量或与药物相冲突的现象。 维生素 一.缺维生素症状 维生素A:夜盲症，角膜干燥症，皮肤干燥，脱屑 维生素B1:神经炎，脚气病，食欲不振，消化不良，生长迟缓 维生素B2:口腔溃疡，皮炎，口角炎，舌炎，唇裂症，角膜炎等 维生素B12:巨幼红细胞性贫血 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 维生素C:坏血病，抵抗力下降 维生素D:儿童的佝偻病，成人的骨质疏松症 维生素E:不育，流产，肌肉性萎缩等。二.补维生素方法 ,.食补 维生素A:蛋类、乳制品、胡萝卜、南瓜、香蕉、橘子和一些绿叶蔬菜中。 维生素B1:葵花籽、花生、大豆、谷类、野生食用菌黄滑松茸中。 维生素B2:谷类、蔬菜和坚果中。 维生素B12:猪牛羊肉、鱼、禽、贝壳类、蛋类中。 维生素C:柠檬、橘子、苹果、酸枣、草莓、辣椒、土豆、菠菜中。 维生素D:鱼肝油、鸡蛋、人造黄油、牛奶、金枪鱼中。 维生素E:谷物胚胎、植物油、绿叶。 维生素K:绿叶蔬菜中。 如果在空腹时服用维生素，会在人体还来不及吸收利用之前即从粪便中排出。如维生素A等脂溶性维生素，溶于脂肪中才能被胃肠黏膜吸收，应宜饭后吃用，才能够较完全地被人体吸收。 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 2.药补 主要分为单一型药补(单一某种维生素严重缺乏时食用) 和复合维生素。 ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung