积极的心理暗示

积极的心理暗示 告诉自己，我能行～——积极的心理暗示 反复的对自己说:“我一定会胜利～我一定会胜利～”不知不觉中，你的心就会自动的指示你下一步应该进行的步骤。 ——英国著名外交家 查斯特菲尔德 《一生的忠告:一位外交官爸爸给孩子的信》 写一段赞美自己的话，在安静的地方大声地充满感情的读给自己听，最后，十分肯定地告诉自己“你是最棒的。” ——中国人民大学商学院工商管理专业 訾成怡 (本节插图:鲁迅在《藤野先生》中的积极心理:“图还是我画的不错;至于实在的情形，我心里自然记得的。”) 怎样才能使自己具有积极的心态呢,很重要的一个方法就是善于利用积极的心理暗示。 大一的时候，我们学了一篇英语课文，叫做《Is There a Doctor in the Body,》，大意如下: 你去找医生看病，总是要拿点药走才安心。但医生发现有的时候病人需要的并不是真正的“药物”，他们需要的是吃一点药来让自己感到安心——我已经吃了药了，不久就会好。所以，有时医生就给患者开一些“placebo”。 document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting “placebo”并不是真正的药，它只是看起来象药片、针剂或胶囊，其实药片是用盐做的，针剂只是注射后没有副作用的水、胶囊里面也是空的。在服用了这些“药”以后，确实有很多人因此痊愈了。反之，患者如果被告知这些“药”只是“placebo”，就不会有任何效果。这是为什么呢, 实际上，这就是心理暗示的作用。它可以治疗生理上的疾病，当然更可以治疗精神上的问题。在生活中，我们需要受到别人的鼓励，同时，更要学会自己鼓励自己，也就是进行自我心理暗示，逐步培养自己的积极心态。 (1)对自己说一些鼓舞的话 美国行为心理学家丹尼斯?威特利在他的名著《铸就赢家的心理品质》中写道: 提高自我评价的有效方法之一，就是把自己平时的优点大声的复述给自己听。对自己性格中的长处、出色的成绩，都要给予肯定的评价，并把这些评价贯注到自己的大脑利。这种评价带给你的印象越强烈，你那潜在的自我越会被发掘出来。 成功者每天都对自己说: “我行”; “我正期待着„„”; document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting “这次要干得漂亮”; “比上次情况好多了”等等。 他自言自语，是为了勉励和激发自己。而失败者则不然，他们情绪低落，思效就变得很消极，语言也立即变得微弱，他们会说: “我嘛，本来就不行”; “我压根就不成器”; “那时候本应该„„”; “那次要是那样，说不定„„”等等。 我在做数学题的时候，总有一个习惯，每当碰到我做不出来的题的时候，我就对自己说:“这么难的题目，连我都做不出来，别人自然更做不出来，不用害怕。”遇到难题花了很多时间才做出来的时候，就对自己说:“这么难的题目，居然被我做出来了，这么巧妙的方法别人肯定想不到，嗯，这下又比别人多拿了十多分。”遇到很简单的题目，很快做出来了，我就想:“哎呀，这么简单，看来这次考试我是非考高分不可了。”总之，每做一道题，我就这样从各个方面鼓舞自己，这样，一张卷子做下来，不论难易，我都自我感觉非常良好。 (2)将失败归咎于客观原因，成功归功于主观原因 document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting 我们常常听到领导或者老师用这样话的教训自己的下属或学生:“不要老是找客观原因，要多找找主观原因。”意思是不要用客观原因来推卸责任，要从自己身上寻求改进。这话固然不假，但是很多人找主观原因往往一找就是:“我自己太笨。”“我不是学习的料。”这种心里暗示的结果就是使你对自己越来越缺乏信心，结果每一次失败都成为你“笨”的证据，而成功则成了侥幸。抱有这样心态的人，是不可能取得成功的。 真正的主观原因应该是寻找那些可以改变的因素，比如“我还不够努力。”“我在做题的时候比较马虎大意。”“我在这上面花的时间还不够多。”这样，才能促使你在以后的学习中更加发奋，而不是自暴自弃。 而且，在很多时候，失败确实是由于客观原因造成的，一昧的责怪自己未必就是好事。 宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学专家马丁?塞利格曼在对一个大城市的保险推销员进行长期调查后发现，在工龄较长的推销者中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37,的保险，而在新雇佣的推销员中，乐观主义者则多推销了20,。 塞利格曼指出，乐观主义者成功的秘诀在于他们的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说:“我不善于做这件事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气、抱怨电话线路、或者甚至责怪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利的时候，document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting 乐观主义者认为是自己努力的结果，而悲观主义者则认为这是处于侥幸。 如果你一直成绩都不错，而是某一次考试考差了，固然需要找点主观原因来寻求改进，但是也不妨找点客观原因来鼓舞自己，比如“考试前的晚上隔壁打麻将声音太吵，没有睡好。”“天气不好，影响了心情。”甚至还可以抱怨一下老师出的题目太变态，不符合教学大纲的要求，“我的基础知识很扎实，如果他真的按照教学大纲出题，我肯定会考的不错的。” 平时，常常有很多同学喜欢问我的题，我也非常乐于给他们解答，但是我发现一个很有意思的现象，他们很多人都在解答以后对我说:“哎呀，为什么这个方法你就能想到我就想不到呢,”你看，这就是一种典型的消极心态，一旦有题目自己不会做而别人会做了，他就觉得自己笨，做不好。我就不一样，一旦有题目自己不会做而别人会做了，我就想:“哼，这道题肯定是他以前在别的参考上看见过，我没有看见过罢了，以后我也会做了，他的优势就没有啦。” 还记得鲁迅在《藤野先生》中如何对待藤野先生对他所画的血管图的心理吗: 还记得有一回藤野先生将我叫到他的研究室里去，翻出我那讲义上的一个图来，是下臂的血管，指着，向我和蔼的说道:—— document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting “你看，你将这条血管移了一点位置了。——自然，这样一移，的确比较的好看些，然而解剖图不是美术，实物是那么样的，我们没法改换它。现在我给你改好了，以后你要全照着黑板上那样的画。” 但是我还不服气，口头答应着，心里却想道:—— “图还是我画的不错;至于实在的情形，我心里自然记得的。” 鲁迅的这种心理，就是典型的积极的心理暗示:首先要肯定自己，然后再寻求改进。只要不成为自己懒惰的理由，而作为自我鼓舞的心理暗示就行了。 (3)尽量避免用消极或否定的词语 前面说，找主观原因的时候，多找能够改变的主观原因，比如“我还不够努力”，“我在做题的时候比较马虎大意”，“我在这上面花的时间还不够多。”其实这还不够，因为这些话当中用了很多消极的词汇，象“马虎大意”“不够努力等等”。我们应该用更加积极的词汇来给自己提劲。比如，“我还不够努力”就可以改为“只要我更加努力学习，下次考试就一定能考好。”“我在做题的时候比较马虎大意”就可以改为“我的知识学的是不错的，只要稍微再细心一点，我就可以多拿十好几分。” 法国医学家埃米尔?库恩博士经过长期研究发现:少说带有负面因素的措辞，尽量减少负面措辞对自我的刺激，可以有助于治疗各种疾病。比document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting 如说:“痛苦消失、痛苦消失、痛苦消失”，则比不上说:“痛苦消失、消失、消失。”因为前一句说了三遍“痛苦”，而每一次都可以使病人联想起痛苦，从而加重心理负担，而后者则只说一遍，而后面又连说三个“消失”，这样说完，就感到病完全好了一样。 把这个事例加以发挥，还可以举出很多类似的例子，比如: 不要说:“我累坏了”，而要说:“慢了一整天，终于可以好好的休息了”; 不要说:“怎么坏事都让我碰上了”，而要说:“这又是一个考验我的机会”; 不要说:“老天爷，怎么那么多事情干不完”，而要说:“一件一件来，最后总会做完的”; 不要说:“天啦，我再也坚持不下去了”;而要说:“只要多做一点，情况总会变好的”„„ 爱迪生在发明电灯之前曾经用上万种做灯丝，但都没有成功。曾经有人这样问他:“你已经失败了一万次，你打算怎么办,”爱迪生说道:“我并没有失败一万次，我只是发现了有一万种材料不适合做灯丝。” 养成使用积极语言的习惯，拒绝不停的自我抱怨，试着将所有的否定句和疑问句都改成肯定句，这将在潜移默化中改变你对世界的看法，一点一滴的赋予你积极思考的习惯。 document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting (4)对于实在无法派遣的消极心理，不妨把它们写下来 《红楼梦》第二十二回讲了这么一个故事，很有意思:林黛玉和史湘云闹了点小矛盾，贾宝玉想在她们中间调停调停，不料两头不讨好，碰了一鼻子灰回来，自己在家生闷气。细想自己原为她二人，怕生隙恼，方在中调和，不料并未调和成功，反落了两处的贬谤。回房躺在床上，只是瞪瞪的，越想越无趣，不禁大哭起来，翻身起来到书桌旁，填了一首《寄生草》云: “无我原非你，从她不解伊。肆行无碍凭来去。 茫茫着甚悲愁喜，纷纷说甚亲疏密。 从前碌碌却为何，到如今回头试想真无趣～” 写完之后，“自己又念了一遍，觉得无挂碍，心中自得，便上床睡了。” ——有人喜欢把消极的心理向朋友倾诉，这固然是个好办法，但往往是朋友虽多、知音难觅，而且也不能总在身边随时听你倾诉，所以不妨向贾宝玉学习，把实在难以摆脱的消极心理写下来，自己看上两三遍，不失为一种好方法。 这个办法我自己试过很多次，感觉确实很奇怪的:有些消极的想法一旦形成，就总是不停的在你的脑海中盘旋，驱之不去，站着、坐着、走着都在不停的想，但是一旦你把它写在纸上，自己反复的看上一看，反倒觉得其实没什么大不了，也就不怎么去想了。 document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting 如果你觉得自己写给自己看实在有些无聊，可以写信给远方的朋友或者亲人。这种方法比跟朋友聊天或者在QQ上神聊更有用，因为写信本身是一个清理思路的过程，可以完整而持久的写出你的全部想法，而不是象聊天那样被随时打断，显得非常琐碎，往往并不能很好的达你的想法。 说道这里，我想起一件关于美国总统林肯的轶事: 一天，国防部长斯坦顿来到林肯跟前，气呼呼的对他诉说一位少将用侮辱的话指责他偏袒一些人。林肯建议他写封信争锋相对的反驳他。 “这样你不就可以狠狠的刺痛一下他嘛。”林肯说。 斯坦顿立即写了一封措辞很强硬的信给总统看。 “对了、对了，”林肯完全赞成，大声喊道，“写的好～严厉地批评他一顿，这是个最好地办法，斯坦顿。” 但当斯坦顿把信叠好要放进信封的时候，林肯却阻止了他，并问道:“你打算怎样处置它,” “寄出去啊。”斯坦顿被他这么一问弄得稀里糊涂，丈二和尚摸不着头脑。 “不要胡闹，”林肯说道，“你不能把这封信寄出。快把他扔进火炉中去吧。每次当我发火的时候，我就尽情的写信发泄发泄，写完后就扔掉document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting 了。我每次总是这样做。你要知道，这是一封很起作用的信。当你花了很多时间把它写好的时候，你心中的怨气也就消得差不多了。我常常就是采取这种办法解除一时得气愤和烦恼的。以后遇到麻烦和想不开的事情，采用这种方法多试几次，保准见效。” 可见，用写信来派遣烦恼重要的是你在写，是一种表达，而不是期望回音或者对别人产生影响——写给自己还是写给别人，目的都是一样的。 document management as a breakthrough, and constantly improve the content, active in the application. Government information between the provincial and municipal governments all passed through a network of offices, and six counties (districts) have complete decision-making service system and through dial-up internetworking is realized with the city, the City Planning Commission and other 10 departments has been one of the first to achieve a single network with the city. On the Government's website, focus on strengthening the management and operation of the site, update the website in a timely manner, strengthening the network resource sharing. At present, nearly 700 municipal government website page, updated news more than more than 6,000. Not long ago, China International e-government technology and application Conference was carried out in the country, "survey of best public services Government website" activities in Pingliang city people's Government website in five Northwestern provinces (districts) ranked second, ranked first in the Gansu province. V, infrastructure has made new breakthroughs In 2002 smooth completed organ office building of construction, and decoration and relocation of based Shang, we according to organ construction general planning, demolition hospital within old room 37 between, transformation garden 3600 square meters, new plant lawn 2700 square meters, planting