红楼梦人物之贾母

贾母 百科名片 贾母 贾母，又称史太君，中国古典小说《红楼梦》中的主要角色之一，娘家姓史，也是四大家族 之一。贾母是贾府的最高权位者。她是贾宝玉的祖母，也是林黛玉的外祖母，史湘云是其娘 家兄弟的孙女。 中文名:贾母 出生地: 金陵 别名: 老太太、老祖宗 职业: 贾府老太太 国籍: 中国 代表作品:掰谎记 民族: 汉 儿女: 贾赦、贾政、贾敏 目录 简介 概述 原型 对宝玉婚事的态度 饮食变化 影视版本 成功学 简介 概述 原型 对宝玉婚事的态度 饮食变化 影视版本 成功学 展开 Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 简介 李婷版贾母 中国古典小说《红楼梦》中的人物。贾代善之妻，出嫁前为金陵世家史侯的小姐。她在贾家从重孙媳妇做起，一直到有了重孙媳妇。她凭着自己的精明能干，才坐稳了贾家最高统治者的位置。她虽已年老，也不管家，但余威犹在。当她发现有下人在园中聚赌时，便立即一一查实，并作严厉的处罚。她是个典型的享乐主义者，她的儿孙成了淫棍、赌徒，只要他们不来搅扰她的享乐，她是不干涉的。她不太喜欢大儿子贾赦和大儿媳邢夫人，偏爱小儿子贾政和小儿媳王夫人。她喜欢众孙女，溺爱孙子宝玉，从前80回的文字中，我们可以看出，贾母是支持宝黛爱情的，但高鹗续本中却说贾母并不支持宝玉与黛玉的爱情。并写她批准了王熙凤的“掉包计”，使宝玉被迫娶了薛宝钗。她在续本中以八十三岁高龄去世。 贾母在书中除了高鹗所续反对宝黛爱情的事情之外并没有过激的表现。她本人喜欢儿孙们吟诗甚至创办诗社，书中也没有体现出她有“女子无才便是德”的思想，但仍旧无法改变她对封建的迷信和盲从。 贾母祝寿 贾母没有过激的表现，但对任何细小的事情都有敏锐的洞察，观点也更接近现实，而且也具有人性和美丽，当然她不是革命者。贾母欣赏晴雯、岫烟就充分体现了这一点。这两人地位并不具优势，唯一的是个性美，贾母能欣赏这一点。对刘姥姥没有表现出清高，而是恰如其分地表现世俗的人情一面。懂世故而不弄世故。这就是大家闺秀的风范。不同与凤姐一味地Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 刚，也不同与王夫人的封建固守者，尽管她们都是世族出身。世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章。但，每一个人的洞明、练达的结果是不一样的。 贾母是封建社会的高级统治者，她虽然没有在表面上手握大权，但是她很聪明的统治着大管家王熙风。她的思想也受到了宝玉和黛玉的影响，有了一些前卫的思想。总之贾母能受到大家的尊敬，说明她的地位也是不可忽视的，她的能耐也是有的，要不能在封建社会保持长久的地位么, 概述 贾母，又称史太君，中国古典小说《红楼梦》中的主要角色之一，娘家姓史，也是四大家族之一。贾母是贾府的最高权位者。她是贾宝玉的祖母，也是林黛玉的外祖母，史湘云是其娘家兄弟的孙女。 贾母是宁、荣二府中最高的家长，人称她为“老太太”、“老祖宗”、“史老太君”。 贾太君祷天消祸患 《护官符》中的四大家族中，有一个“阿房宫三百里，住不下金陵一个史”，贾母就是金陵世族史侯家的小姐，嫁给了荣国公贾源的长子贾代善，生有贾赦、贾政两个儿子和贾敏一个女儿。贾宝玉是她的孙子，林黛玉是她的外孙女，史湘云是她的侄孙女。 贾母福寿双全，享尽了人间的荣华富贵。她有满堂的儿子、媳妇、孙子、孙女、重孙女、重孙媳妇孝敬她;有数不完认不清的丫环、婆子、小斯服侍她。特别是掌家的孙媳妇王熙凤千方百计地孝顺她、迎合她，使贾母尽情享乐。贾母的八十寿辰，正日子是八月初三，从七月二十八就开始在荣、宁两府齐开筵宴，直到八月初五，整整七日。热闹豪华，非往日家庆活动所比，显示了这位太夫人的尊荣。 贾母是一个诗礼簪缨之族的贵夫人。她见多识广，很有修养。她初嫁到贾府时，正是荣国府的鼎盛之时，曾躬逢几次金陵接驾的盛典。她一直是荣府家政的主持人，直到年纪大了，才渐渐地不管事，交给了王夫人、王熙凤。元宵节，贾母点戏，一出《寻梦》、一出《下书》，吩咐只用箫和笙笛。同是贵夫人的薛姨妈甚为惊奇，说:“实在戏也看过几百班，从Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 没见过只用箫管的。”贾母却认为没什么稀奇，只是在个人讲究罢了。可见贾母对艺术的赏鉴，是很清雅脱俗的。 贾母对宝玉极奇宠爱，把这个孙子当作“心肝”、“命根子一样”来珍视。对于贾政的严厉管教，她不以为然。宝玉不敢去见贾政，她就说“不要紧，有我呢”。贾政有一次打了宝玉，贾母大发雷霆，当下就在要回金陵老家去。结果是贾政不得不向母亲叩头认错。所以，在贾母的庇护下，宝玉得以在大观园中与姐妹们过一段平和、安定的日子。贾母也钟爱她的外孙女林黛玉。是她让这两孩子同行同止，并在生活同等对待。使得宝玉、黛玉青梅竹马，逐渐产生了纯真的爱情。但是在高鹗的续书中，贾母变成了造成宝黛爱情悲剧的元凶，王熙凤的“掉包计”是得到她的首肯的。当然此乃高鹗续作，不一定符合曹雪芹原意。 续书中，贾府被抄后，贾母日夜不宁，思前、想后，眼泪不干。她曾虔诚地向天祷告，保佑她的儿孙们。她拿出了自己全部的体己财物，分给儿孙。没过多久，这位“生来就是为了享福”的老太太，终于在看到贾家一败涂地后，在忧戚中辞世。死时，贾母八十三岁。 原型 贾母是有原型的，何以见得呢,大家知道，曹雪芹的祖父是曹寅，曹寅的妻子姓李是李氏，是李煦的妹妹。李煦是谁呢,曹寅当江宁织造的时候，李煦当的是苏州织造，两人是江南金陵地区的两大织造。而且康熙皇帝很宠爱他们，还经常让他们两个轮流分管当地的盐政，有时候一块儿管，有时候分开管，轮值管;并且康熙让他们两个当特务，除了他们本职工作以外，还要他们密报很多当地的情况，特别是明代的遗民有什么动向，当地的民间对朝廷有什么议论等等。他们关系很密切。曹寅的妻子李氏就是李煦的妹妹，那么在小说里面，我们就发现贾母这个角色，作者把她的真实姓氏李氏，化为姓史了，说明是经过艺术加工了。那么为什么说贾母的原型是李氏, 大家知道，在荣国府过春节的时候，闹元宵的时候，贾母这个人是一个享乐主义者，她不但很会吃，很会穿，她也很会看戏，很会欣赏文艺。家里请了说书人来说书，她说你们都根本不行，她就破除陈腐旧套，给他们讲书应该怎么说，又给她们讲起当年她家里怎么演戏。她说当时我们家里唱戏有弹琴的场面， Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 李婷版贾母 不来虚的。因为中国戏曲是大写意，虚拟的，弹琴比画几下，表示弹琴就行了，她说我们不是，我们家演戏是真琴上台，真的琴师上台，她就举例子，有时候凑起来演几个折子戏，都跟弹琴有关。她说了一个《西厢记》的《听琴》，这个是大家很熟悉的剧本，《西厢记》是元代王实甫的作品，在明清非常流行，不稀奇。她又说了一个《玉簪记》的《琴挑》，《琴挑》是明朝高濂的一个剧作，当时也很流行，到处演，也不稀奇。她又举一个例子，还有一个戏叫《续琵琶》，《续琵琶》是写蔡文姬的故事，里面要一面操琴，一面唱《胡笳十八拍》，她说像这些戏我们都是请会弹琴的演员在台上真的弹琴，那多好看啊。那么《续琵琶》是谁写的呢,你去查中国戏曲史料，你很难查到。这是一个很不流行的剧本，是一个几乎没有公开演出过的剧本，是一个没有继续演出到今天的剧本。这个剧本是曹寅写的，就是曹雪芹祖父曹寅写的。而且查资料可以知道，只在曹寅自己家和他的亲戚家，也就是李煦家演过这个戏。这个例子就证明，贾母的原型就是李煦的妹妹，否则曹雪芹写这一笔的时候，不可能写到这样一出很偏僻的，曹寅写的剧，而且是一出只有在曹家和李家演过的戏，这是一个例子。另外，书里面交代史湘云是贾母她娘家的人，书里面透露她有两个叔叔，都是封侯的，地位很高的，一个是保龄侯史鼐，一个是忠靖侯史鼎，而且书里面也说得很清楚，史鼐是哥哥，史鼎是弟弟。也就是说，书里面有贾母的两个侄子，书里面设定贾母姓史，所以他们也都姓史，他们一个叫史鼐，一个叫史鼎，那么你去查李煦家的家谱，你就会发现，李煦两个儿子老大就叫李鼐，老二就叫李鼎。这不可能是巧合啊，哪那么巧啊,而且虚构的话，按道理，鼎应该当哥哥，因为鼐在鼎上加了个乃字，应该是老二，可是他一丝不乱地写，可见他是有原型的，贾母的原型就是曹寅的妻子李氏。 对宝玉婚事的态度 贾母与王夫人在宝玉婚事上的矛盾 红楼梦》中若以宝黛爱情为视角，真是“三日好了，两日恼了”，琐碎而令人费思，今试从贾母与王夫人在宝玉婚事上的矛盾为视角，大有豁然开朗之感。至少在前八十回中，我们看到的贾母是倾意于黛玉而非宝钗。 1(“既吃了我们家的茶，怎么还不给我们家作媳妇,”——贾母对“金玉良缘”的回应 矛盾显露的原由还在王夫人的亲妹妹薛姨妈身上，薛姨妈来到贾府不久便散布金玉之说来探贾母之意。这在第二十八回中，作者“不经意”点逗出来，“薛宝钗因往日母亲对王夫人等曾提过‘金锁是个和尚给的，等日后有玉的方可结为婚姻’等语”，这种说法弄得府里人人皆知，连当事人宝玉都对黛玉说:“除了别人说什么金什么玉，我心里要有这个想头，Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 天诛地灭，万世不得人身～”可见“舆论”之广，整日被薛姨妈围着的贾母未必不知，她又是何种态度呢,第二十五回，作者借凤姐“下茶”巧妙的表明了贾母的立场，给王夫人一个否定和警告。民俗中女子受聘，其礼曰“下茶”、“吃茶”，整个婚礼更有“三茶六礼”之称。一天，凤姐儿当着宝钗等众人的面和黛玉开了这样一个“玩笑”: 凤姐笑道:“倒求你，你倒说这些闲话，吃茶吃水的。你既吃了我们家的茶，怎么还不给我们家作媳妇,” 凤姐笑道:“你别作梦～你给我们家作了媳妇，少什么,”指宝玉道:“你瞧瞧，人物儿，门第配不上，根基配不上，家私配不上,那一点还玷辱了谁呢,” 对于极善揣摩贾母心意而又礼数不错的凤姐来说，敢当众挑明宝黛关系(尤其有宝钗在场)，否定金玉之说(金玉之说可是王熙凤的姑姑长辈之言)，定是衔了更长的长辈贾母之意而来了。世事洞明的贾母借凤姐儿之口，给王夫人等散布的“金玉良缘”一个婉转、否定的回应。 2(“不是冤家不聚头”——贾母对王夫人等主张“金玉良缘”的回击 王夫人虽属意于宝钗这个亲外甥女，但在贾母面前不好硬作主张，可是有做娘娘的亲女儿这一有利条件，自己便可“以静制动”了，采取以君对臣的方法达到自己的意愿。第二十八回，贾妃以“赏礼”之“规格”表明了“娘娘的旨意”，宝玉与宝钗一等，黛玉与三姐妹一等。深居皇宫的贾妃何以在一次短暂的归省后作出如此判断(归省当晚的赐物钗黛诸姐妹及宝玉均一样)，毫无疑问，这是王夫人之意，因为“每月逢二六日期，准其椒房眷属入宫请候看视”，可见王夫人已把“金玉良缘”之说的工作做到娘娘头上了，“木头似的”的王夫人给了贾母一个“无声”的挑战。 事事明了但不多过问的贾母深知王夫人之意，没过几日，即在书中第二十九回，贾母便借着张道士为宝玉提亲，道出自己为宝玉择偶的条件。 贾母道:“上回有和尚说了，这孩子命里不该早娶，等再大一大儿再定罢。你可如今打听着，不管他根基富贵，只要模样配的上就好，来告诉我。便是那家子穷，不过给他几两银子罢了。只是模样性格儿难得好的。” 有趣的是，一边是“金玉良缘”的满城风雨，一边却要为“尚无人选”而“打听着”;一边“和尚”说“等日后有玉的方可结为婚姻”，一边也有“和尚”说“命里不该早娶”。大家不要忘记，在第二十二回，贾母刚刚大张旗鼓的为宝钗过了及笄之年的生日，这分明是让大家都知道，宝钗你到了年纪了，快找婆家嫁人了吧。贾母一边拖着对娘娘的意旨，无奈拖延宝玉婚事，一边又如此作为，想想是不是煞是好看啊～ 至此，贾母与王夫人暗藏深底的矛盾已公开化。事到如今，不进则退，借着“二玉”的吵架，贾母说了一番让他俩都细嚼滋味，好似参禅的话来。 那贾母见他两个都生了气，只说趁今儿那边看戏，他两个见了也就完了，不想又都不去。老人家急的抱怨说:“我这老冤家是那世里的孽障，Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 偏生遇见了这么两个不省事的小冤家，没有一天不叫我操心。真是俗语说的，‘不是冤家不聚头’。几时我闭了这眼，断了这口气，凭着这两个冤家闹上天去，我眼不见心不烦，也就罢了。偏又不咽这口气。” 自己抱怨着也哭了。 贾母真是烦恼啊，不仅玉成二人婚事千难万难，而且“二玉”也不能明了老人的一番苦心，难怪极少 林默予版贾母 落泪的贾母在这时“自己抱怨着也哭了”。“小冤家”俗指感情极深而又时常吵架的小夫妻，贾母以此称呼二人，其心里对二人关系的认同度可见一斑，且这一说一哭给了王夫人一个“有声”的回击。 3(“你只放心罢”——贾母对“木石前盟”认可的暗示 正如贾母所说，宝黛二人“没有一天不叫我操心”。第五十回，人人皆知专为发嫁而来的宝琴，贾母却为宝玉求配。一边是热辣辣的金锁等玉来配你不要，一边是已有人家又刚来几日的薛家小妹你又求，贾母这一“明知故问”的行为无疑明确的告诉了薛姨妈，我不考虑宝钗，你们别枉费心机了。细心的贾母选择了黛玉不在场的情况下向薛姨妈发出了这个弃钗的信号，而薛姨妈却别有用心的把贾母求配宝琴的事去告诉黛玉，刺激黛玉本已脆弱的身体与敏感的心理，又可谓是另一番“苦心”了。 如果说以上是贾母同王夫人等的侧面交锋，那到了第五十七回时，就算得上是正面开火了。宝黛的爱情问题已到了不可回避的程度上，贾母得知原委后流泪劝慰宝玉道:“我当有什么要紧大事，原来是这句顽话。”又向紫鹃道:“你这孩子素日最是个伶俐聪敏的，你又知道他有个呆根子，平白的哄他作什么,” 贾母安抚的态度分明是认可了两人的关系，这还了得，薛姨妈紧接话茬(此时大家规矩晚辈不得插嘴，薛姨妈以客人身份说话，是王夫人的不言而言)。“宝玉本来心实，可巧林姑娘又是从小儿来的，他姊妹两个一处长了这么大，比别的姊妹更不同。这会子热刺刺的说一个去，别说他是个实心的傻孩子，便是冷心肠的大人也要伤心。这并不是什么大病，老太太和姨太太只管万安，吃一两剂药就好了。” 一番话赶忙把宝黛急需解决的婚姻问题拽回到普通的姐妹亲情之上，且是吃药就能好的小病。贾母对薛姨妈之语并不答言，只叫为黛玉而疯癫的宝玉“你只放心罢”，此时的Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 宝玉恐是只有娶了黛玉才能放心吧～对照薛姨妈的暧昧之语，贾母的话则是很明确的“暗示”了。 贾母对宝黛关系的态度，我们也可从侧面，他人的言语中作一下了解。第五十五回，凤姐儿与平儿在“家中密语”家中将来大事，善于洞察贾母心意的凤姐儿是这样说的:“我也虑到这里，倒也够了:宝玉和林妹妹他两个一娶一嫁，可以使不着官中的钱，老太太自有梯己拿出来„„” 第五十七回，与黛玉情同姐妹的紫鹃说了一篇肺腑之言:“„„替你愁了这几年了，无父母无兄弟，谁是知疼着热的人,趁早儿老太太还明白硬朗的时节，作定了大事要紧。俗语说‘老健春寒秋后热’，倘或老太太一时有个好歹，那时虽也完事，只怕耽误了时光，还不得趁心如意呢„„若娘家有人有势的还好些，若是姑娘这样的人，有老太太一日还好一日，若没了老太太，也只是凭人去欺负了„„” 这番话何尝不是黛玉所忧虑的，难怪黛玉听后伤感，直泣了一夜。 第六十六回，贾琏的心腹仆人兴儿对府外的尤氏姐妹说:“„„将来准是林姑娘定了的。因林姑娘多病，二则都还小，故尚未及此。再过三二年，老太太便一开言，那是再无不准的了。” 由此可见，贾母之意在贾府也到了人人尽知的地步，作者不时通过他人之口表露出来。 近黛远钗——贾母对黛玉、宝钗的态度 在前八十回中，贾母对黛玉是非常疼爱的，无论贾母是有心或是无意，她的行为已在客观上促进了宝黛爱情的发展，他们“一桌子吃饭，一床上睡觉。”(第二十八回)且“林黛玉自在荣府以来，贾母万般怜爱，寝食起居，一如宝玉，迎春、探春、惜春三个亲孙女倒且靠后, 便是宝玉和黛玉二人之亲密友爱处，亦自较别个不同，日则同行同坐，夜则同息同止，真是言和意顺，略无参商。”(第五回)在第五十四回，贾府夜宴放花炮时，“林黛玉 禀气柔弱，不禁毕驳之声，贾母便搂他在怀中。”贾母的一个举动立即引起众人反映:王夫人搂了宝玉，薛姨妈搂了湘云，凤姐儿立马凑趣道:“我们是没有人疼的了。”联想到黛玉刚入府时的场景，相似的场面说明贾母对黛玉一贯的感情深厚。 相比宝钗，贾母可没有这么多情真意切的举动了。除了第二十二回，贾母为其做寿外(其意前已讲)，就只有第三十五回，当着薛姨妈的一句奉迎了，“千真万真，从我们家四个女孩儿算起，全不如宝丫头。”可细想，黛玉都成了自己家的四个女孩儿之一了，焉有当着外人的面夸自己孩子的道理，理应夸不是我家女孩儿的宝钗才对呀～这亲疏关系不是很巧妙的摆出来了吗。 第四十回，贾母携刘姥姥游大观园，第一站便来到潇湘馆，当刘姥姥看到满是笔砚书籍以为“这必定是那位哥儿的书房”时，贾母颇为自得和喜悦的说:“这是我这外孙女儿的屋子。”其亲切之情溢于言表。当看到Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 纱窗旧了时，贾母当众“和王夫人说”，一、纱窗旧了，不能用;二、纱窗颜色，不协调;三、命令，“明儿”就换。对比在宝钗房中“明日后日都使得, 只别忘了”的语气、态度看，贾母是生气了，她对王夫人等这么粗心地对黛玉充满了愤怒。伶俐的凤姐儿忙接话，薛姨妈也来打岔，因为王夫人真是到了“别等老太太问出来，我没话回”的境地了，难怪直到贾母等“一径离了潇湘馆”，王夫人也没说出一句话。 相反的，到宝钗住所时，贾母先问“这是你薛姑娘的屋子不是,”已露出陌生之感，及至看到室内如雪洞一般时，贾母说:“使不得。虽然他省事，倘或来一个亲戚，看着不象，二则年轻的姑娘们，房里这样素净，也忌讳。我们这老婆子，越发该住马圈去了。” 对于一个女孩子来说，这话已相当严重了。 第五十三回，荣国府庆元宵，看贾母是如何设座位的。将自己这一席设于榻旁，命宝琴、湘云、黛玉、宝玉四人坐着。西边一路便是宝钗、李纹、李绮、岫烟、迎春姊妹等。这不是偶然，当晚又是贾母安排。 贾母便说:“这都不要拘礼，只听我分派你们就坐才好。”说着便让薛李正面上坐，自己西向坐了，叫宝琴、黛玉、湘云三人皆紧依左右坐下，向宝玉说:“你挨着你太太。”于是邢夫人王夫人之中夹着宝玉，宝钗等姊妹在西边„„ 由此可见，贾母是将喜爱之人放于身边，不是乱坐，无论贾母是有心或是无意，这种设置已把当年贾妃省亲会见众姐妹时安排的设置翻了过来，煞是有趣～ 郑毓芝版贾母 对于贾母的态度，聪明的宝钗哪有不明白的，她的心中已有了一种莫名的不服输与不平衡，这不仅表现在对宝琴“我就不信我那些儿不如你”(第四十九回)的一句又嫉又愤的话上。到了第七十七回，宝钗的一番话已到了“不象”的份上。王夫人为凤姐配药需用上好人参，从贾母处得了的却因放的太久而失去药性，你听宝钗是如何说的: 宝钗笑道:“这东西虽然值钱，究竟不过是药，原该济众散人才是。咱们比不得那没见世面的人家，得了这个，就珍藏密敛的。”王夫人点头道:“这话极是。” Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 以前宽厚稳重的宝钗不见了，这分明是一个绝望而充满怨气的人在摔闲腔，就差把“没见世面的人家”换成“贾母”了，王夫人还点头称“极是”呢～可见宝钗内心对贾母是极为不尊重的，相对的，贾母对宝钗也只是表面上应景儿而已。 贾母不选择宝钗，却支持宝黛爱情，因为她知道即使再与薛家亲上加亲也不能挽救四大家族即将衰败的命运，这种想法我们可以从贾母祈天祷告的话中看出。比这更重要的是，宝黛二人感情成长的过程贾母看得一清二楚，而且对于黛玉这样的一个孤女，没有比留在身边更好的选择了。宝玉又是贾母最疼爱的孙子，为他娶一个合心意，婚后能美满幸福的妻子是每个疼爱儿孙的老祖母都会做的事 私房钱与理财师鸳鸯 数个世纪前的英国，为贵族从事私人财务管理，已经成为一门职业化很强的专学，如今的私人银行即脱胎于此。数个世纪前的中国，正值清朝康乾年间，当时的贵族财务管理，多由府第管家或心腹人士实施，《红楼梦》中为贾母专职服务的鸳鸯可算是其中的一位。 散余资，贾母明大义 鸳鸯为贾母打理的个人财富总价值约折合白银数万两。该笔财富共出现过两次。一是凤姐的算法。第五十五回，凤姐在与平儿聊到省俭之计时称，宝玉和黛玉的婚嫁费用将全部出自贾母的体己钱(或称私房钱)，接着又说惜春等人婚嫁每人要花费七八千两白银，与之相比，宝黛婚嫁每人花费上万两是正常的，这样贾母的私房钱至少就有两万多两。 二是贾母的算法。第一百零七回“散馀资贾母明大义”中，因宁国府被抄，贾赦贾珍等获罪，贾母将自己财物分派时显示了其个人财富账单。这包括:分给贾赦、贾珍、凤姐各三千两现银，交给贾琏的黛玉棺木南运费五百两，承诺包揽惜春婚事费用，交给贾政用于偿还债务的黄金若干，分给宝玉宝钗金银饰物折数千两，分给李纨贾兰若干，自备百年费用数千两，分给鸳鸯等的剩余财物。如此计算，贾母的个人财富约折合白银五万两。这笔财富为贾母自做贾府媳妇以来数十年积攒，平时用大箱笼自藏，从散馀资之前，贾母“便叫鸳鸯吩咐去了”一句可见，该笔巨额财富纯系鸳鸯一人打理，而能够迅速理清这笔财富，鸳鸯手中如没有一个现成的大账本是办不到的。 鸳鸯能够成为类似如今的CFP，实为贾母之功。鸳鸯本是贾府的家生女儿，其父亲金彩和母亲长期为贾府看守南京的老房子，而鸳鸯早在儿时就成了贾母的丫鬟之一。试想，两个不在身边的看房人如何培养鸳鸯,她是被擅长理家的贾母一步步调教出来的，最后，她超越了其他丫鬟，成了贾母的心腹和私人财务师。 按凤姐对王夫人的陈述，鸳鸯的月薪仅是一两银子。以微薄报酬管理巨额财富，没有对贾母的忠诚度是不行的，否则，随便挪用几百两，像凤姐那样在外面放放高利贷，也是很高的收益。但鸳鸯没有这样做，她对贾Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 母感恩式的忠诚远胜过对物质的追逐，她甚至主动放弃了做贾赦姨太太的权势。这样的职业财务师实在难得。 为贾母理财，并不是一件易事。首先要做到账目细。诚然，贾母的日常财务支出并不多，大到礼节往来，小到家宴寿辰，都可在贾府公账上列支(如据贾琏称，贾母一次寿辰花费的数千两银子就出自公账)，但和凤姐等的小赌输赢、给秋纹等丫头的赏钱等，却是出自私房钱。虽然金额不大(多以钱、吊为单位计)，但可能每天都会发生，对外人的见面礼金额要多些，一笔笔计下来，都属于鸳鸯的理财细活。 其次，要明了贾府财务大势，这特别包括有时要暗地挪用和支出贾母个人财富。贾琏为应付节庆红白礼，急需三二千两银子，但公账上却无银可支，只好求助鸳鸯帮着偷出贾母的一箱东西典当。鸳鸯清楚贾府财务已是入不敷出，甘愿冒着风险帮了贾琏凤姐一把，不过，直到贾母去世，贾琏也没有赎回这箱子当头，算是给鸳鸯出了个难题。 自然，长期维持私人财务师的职位也非易事。但鸳鸯的能力在于，她还兼任贾母的生活秘书，由于照料得好，年事已高的贾母，日常生活再也离不开鸳鸯。再则，她的才情和人情味，上下结下了一个好人缘。鸳鸯是酒令高手，行酒令时，要说诗词歌赋，她可以替王夫人说一个，可见她的才情，以及和王夫人的关系;司棋、潘又安私会，她发现后也不揭发，可见她对自由爱情的认可，以及她的前位思想;宝玉平儿生日，探春也主动把她叫上，可见她的人脉。特别是她并不事事向贾母禀报，保护了不少人，也维系了贾府内院的表面安宁。当然，有时候，她也要有些手段。如在贾母大观园设宴中，她见剩下了许多菜，便质问管事的婆子，并要婆子挑两碗送给平儿吃，当凤姐说平儿吃过饭了，她则直称，“她不吃了，喂你们的猫”，显然是针对婆子们而言，此话一出，慌得婆子“忙拣了两样拿盒子送去”。 但鸳鸯的命运最终是个悲剧。哥哥金文翔是贾母的买办，嫂子是贾母浆洗处的负责人，恐是贾母给了鸳鸯面子的结果。但势利的哥嫂完全靠不住，贾母去世后，面对贾赦日后可能的逼迫，她选择了自尽。数百年后的今天，个人理财方兴未艾，新的鸳鸯们开始了全新的职业设计，但真正的私人财务师还远远没有出现。 饮食变化 贾母的饮食，从两个方面，一是从口味谈起，二是从排场谈起。 首先看第十一回凤姐所说:“老太太因为晚上看着宝兄弟他们吃桃儿，老人家又嘴馋，吃了有大半个，五更天的时候就一连起来了两次，„„说有好吃的要几样，还要很烂的。”这里很明白的表述了贾母的体质与饮食方向。虽然说生活在大家族里，讲求调养，但毕竟是年老之人(按此时七十岁上下)，牙口和胃口大不如从前，所以吃了半个鲜果胃口就受不了。Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 大多老年人都喜欢吃软烂食品，贾母也不例外，给宝钗过生日那一回，文中就点出了贾母“爱吃甜烂之食”。 再看贾母吃螃蟹，本来螃蟹性冷，老年人不宜多吃，所以贾母只少量尝一些，而且还要“把酒烫的滚热的拿来”，“滚烫”二字一下就把贾母的饮食理念体现出来，热酒可以抵消螃蟹的冷，让老年人胃口好受一些。要是平头百姓猴年马月也吃不上一回螃蟹，但凡吃上了，哪还顾得了这许多啊,贾母吃螃蟹不单讲究在“吃”上，更讲究在排场上，吃完还要用“菊花叶儿桂花蕊熏的绿豆面子来洗手”，当然这是排场问题，留到后面细说。 贾母吃的大菜里有一道“牛乳蒸羊羔”(49回)。按照贾母所说“这是我们有年纪的人的药，没见天日的东西”，这没见天日的所指的大概就是还在胎胞里的羊羔，听来未免有些残忍。这样的一道菜显然算是荤中之荤了，也许是平日里“饫甘餍美”多了些，贾母更偏好吃些新鲜瓜蔬，刘姥姥二进荣府所带的不过是些“豇豆、扁豆、茄子”，但贾母却说“我正想个地里现撷的瓜儿菜儿吃。外头买的，不像你们田地里的好吃”。不光是新鲜菜蔬，贾母还喜欢吃些野味，比如“野鸡崽子汤”，贾母吃了两块二，不仅心里很受用，还嘱咐再炸上两块，就着吃粥有味儿。另外也有“野鸡爪子”。 和大多数老人一样，贾母不喜欢吃油腻食品，丫鬟捧来的藕粉桂糖糕、松穰鹅油卷、螃蟹馅的小饺子还有奶油炸的各色小面果，贾母都不喜欢，皱眉说:“这油腻腻的，谁吃这个～”再如第五十四回写给贾母预备的鸭子肉粥，她都嫌荤腻，要吃些清淡的罢。按理说这鸭肉性甘凉，可以滋润五脏之阴，清虚热，有补血，养胃，生津的功效，正适合贾母这样的老年人夜间食用。但她还是想吃些清淡的食物，不仅要吃清淡的，连甜的也不想吃了，还抱怨“不是油腻腻的就是甜的”，所以勉强吃了些杏仁茶，这里所说的杏仁茶也是甜的，只不过讲究的做法是放几枚苦杏仁，以发其香，想必贾母所吃的也是如此做法。 起初说贾母“爱吃甜烂之食”，那时候的贾母大概七十岁年纪，而第五十四回不喜欢吃甜食的贾母已将近八十岁，几年时间的身体衰老自然影响改变了她的口味。如第七十六回王夫人说“那些面筋豆腐老太太又不大甚爱吃，只拣了一样椒油莼酱来”。贾母却很喜欢，说正想吃这个，显然是想就着“稀饭吃些罢了”，这个时候的贾母不仅是口味有所变化，偏好清淡，更值得注意的是饭量在减少，只吃了半碗“红稻米粥”，这是老年人身体衰老的一个很明显体现。 接下来所要说的就是贾母饮食的排场问题。 黛玉初进荣府时候第一次吃饭，看曹雪芹如何写来“李氏捧饭，熙凤安箸，王夫人进羹。贾母正面榻上独坐，两边四张空椅，„„旁边丫鬟执着拂尘、漱盂、巾帕。李、凤二人立于案旁布让。外间伺候之媳妇丫鬟虽多，却连一声咳嗽不闻。” Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 再如第四十回所表“贾母素日吃饭，皆有小丫鬟在旁边，拿着漱盂麈尾巾帕之物”。看看这个排场，几个人吃饭，倒要几十个人伺候呢～吃过饭，还有小丫鬟捧过茶水、漱盂来，先用茶水漱口，盥手毕，然后捧上茶来，这方是正经吃的茶。 贾母饮食排场之大，还是柳嫂子说的一针见血:“大厨房里预备老太太的饭，把天下所有的菜蔬用水牌写了，天天转着吃，吃到一个月现算倒好”(61回)。 这可算讲究之极了，看这意思吃了一个月也不见得有重样的，简直成了满汉全席了。难怪薛姨妈都说“你们府上也都想绝了”。这还不算，另外各子孙房里有好吃的还要另外孝敬一份来，这是一种规矩。第七十六回“贾母见自己的几色菜已摆完，另有两大捧盒内捧了几色菜来，便知是各房另外孝敬的旧规矩”。我读《红楼梦》，深刻感觉到贾母饮食排场的变迁，是与贾家衰落紧密相结合的。正如贾母所说 周采芹版贾母 “上几次我就吩咐，如今可以把这些蠲了罢，你们还不听。如今比不得在先辐辏的时光了”。 有人说贾母是一个高高在上只知享受的老妇人，其实并非如此。贾母虽然身在内宅，但却比任何子嗣都清楚自己家族的处境，所以她首先从自己身上减少浪费。同样就在这一回里，曹雪芹还描写了贾珍等人聚众赌博，“天天宰猪割羊，屠鹅戮鸭，好似临潼斗宝一般，都要卖弄自己家的好厨役好烹炮”。两相对比，贾母的聪明要比子孙们强不止一点半点呢～看这回写贾母略尝了两点，便命:“将那两样着人送回去，就说我吃了。以后不必天天送，我想吃自然来要”。 贾母一来是年岁大了，不想吃这些浑腻食物。更重要的则是这些东西太过浪费，她已经开始为子孙们打算了。吃了半碗的粥，也要送给凤哥儿吃去，剩下笋和风腌果子狸给黛玉宝玉两个吃去，那一碗肉给兰小子吃去，这些都是以往贾母没有想过的。更为突出的描写是，贾母还让银蝶(尤氏丫鬟)与尤氏一起吃饭，这已经破坏了规矩。贾母这么做出于什么目的呢, 大概是看着一桌子菜吃不下浪费而感到可惜，为了避免浪费已经把规矩都抛弃了。其实也是如此，日后贾家败落之后，饭都吃不上了，“玉粒Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency 金莼噎满喉”的宝玉都沦落到“寒冬噎酸齑”的地步。那些奴才们也就更别提了，但凡有口吃的，活命要紧，谁不是先入己口，哪里还有心思想着什么主子奴才呢, 贾母在贾家生活了将近六十年时光，是贾家鼎盛与衰亡的见证者，她的饮食变化，也正是预示了一个家族从鼎盛走向衰亡的过程。最后想以一句世人皆知，曹雪芹亦在第十五回曾引用过的唐诗做结尾“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”。 Sichuan-Guizhou town axis-the axis on the North, in the town of "Yangtze River City" Center in Yibin city, South Union "in shunan bamboo-sea", "XING Wen Shi Hai" and other high level tourism resources in the domain of Yibin city. External external link the historical and cultural city in Guizhou Zunyi and Guiyang China excellent tourism city, is the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan basin along the edges of "World Heritage" on the tourism resources with high levels of tourism node. Axis should be in the town in the future by virtue of superior cultural and tourism resources, stronger Green eco-towns. Relying on the Yibin-changning-xingwen tourism portals, with the focus on xingwen town, Zhu Hai Zhen, Bo Wang Shanzhen along urban development. Figure 2.5-1 Yibin city city domain town system planning structure figure 2.5.2 Yibin Center City 1, and development direction from ecological protection, and with to suitable sex evaluation, and regional economic contact, and industry development, and traffic conditions, many on city development direction for integrated considerations Hou, Yibin eventually determine development direction select of general approach for: "East into West excellent, and North-South through, and intensive efficient, and the has focuses on". (1) East: focus development eastward along the Bank of the Yangtze, South Bank of the Yangtze River to protect cultural and ecological civilization of history. (2) the West: stressed especially the comprehensive improvement of urban areas of the Western City. (3) North to South: emphasized the link North to South, with regional hinterland of the docking, reducing the centrality of old town traffic. (4) the intensive and efficient: relying on the culture of the respective groups, industries, hub, ecological as well as the development of infrastructure, and fully tap the potential of the land, improve utilization efficiency