燕麦的功效和作用

燕麦的功效和作用 燕麦除了有天然的保健功能外，还具有很高的美容价值。人们很早就已经懂得利用燕麦来治疗皮肤干燥和痊痒。据考古专家考察，古代埃及后妃们就有燕麦水洗浴的习惯。 燕麦中含有燕麦蛋白、燕麦肽、燕麦β葡聚糖、燕麦油等成分。具有抗氧化功效、增加肌肤活性、延缓肌肤衰老、美白保湿、减少皱纹色斑、抗过敏、等功效。在美国、日本、韩国、加拿大、法国等国家称燕麦为“家庭医生”、“植物黄金”、“天然美容师”。 燕麦米煮粥的汤汁，可以直接敷在脸上，或者浸泡压缩面膜后敷脸。 保湿润肤 燕麦β-葡聚糖是一种线性无分支粘多糖，通过β-(1-3)和β-(1-4)糖苷键把β-D-吡喃葡萄糖单位连接起来，形成一种高分子的聚合物，因其含有大量的亲水基团，可以吸收水分或锁住皮肤角质层水分，燕麦β-葡聚糖具有非常好的保湿功效，可以促进成纤维细胞合成胶原蛋白，促进伤口愈合，具有良好的皮肤修复功能。此外，燕麦β-葡聚糖特有的理化性状，能赋予皮肤光滑如丝绸般的质感，给人愉悦、舒适和高雅的感觉。 蛋白质是燕麦最主要的成分之一，蛋白质经酶解可得到小分子的肽和氨基酸，这一类分子中都含有亲水基团，可以吸收水分或锁住皮肤角质层水分，具有非常好的保湿功效。大分子量的燕麦蛋白可以在较低浓度下成膜，起到包埋或隔离小分子物质的作用，可快速传递活性成分或定时释放，改善发质和干涩皮肤。蛋白质、多肽和氨基酸还是组织和细胞生长发育必须的营养物资，在化妆品中添加这些物质，还可以滋润肌肤、营养细胞、促进皮肤组织健康的生长发育。 燕麦富含优质油脂，主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成，燕麦油脂质成分和水合特性能在油中乳化大量的水分，可以作为表皮层水合保湿剂的有效载体;燕麦油还可以在皮肤表面形成一层油膜，起到长效保湿的作用;燕麦精油中的不饱和脂肪酸成分，能够软化皮肤，滋润养颜，给予舒适的肤感。 美白祛斑 皮肤的颜色主要决定于表皮内黑色素含量的多少，人体中的黑色素是由黑色素细胞产生的，在黑素细胞内，酪氨酸在酪氨酸酶等的催化下经过一系列生化反应生成黑色素。在黑色素的形成反应中，酪氨酸酶是主要的限速酶，抑制酪氨酸酶的活性即可抑制黑色素的生成，同时，抗氧化剂能够抑制黑色素生成的生化反应，因而也可以减少黑色素的形成。 燕麦提取物中含有大量的能够抑制酪氨酸酶活性的生物活性成分，其抑制能力与化妆品常用的美白剂——熊果苷接近，但燕麦提取物的成本要比熊果苷低得多。此外，燕麦中含有大量的抗氧化成分，这些物质可以有效地抑制黑色素形成过程中氧化还原反应的进行，减少黑色素的形成，淡化色斑，保持白皙靓丽的皮肤。 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2009 participate in modifying the rules for the implementation of personnel: review: Chen Shengdi Ruijin hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Wang Xin Zhao Zhongxin, Zhongshan hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai Changzheng hospital, second military medical University Sun xiaojiang Liu Zhenguo sixth people's hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Xinhua Hospital wrote: Wang Shaoshi branch of Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated first people's Hospital Rule of Dermatology Dermatology clinical science is a covering a wide range of disciplines. Professional content including Dermatology, ... More than a month. Third, during the three-year rotation Department and schedule Web Department name 1th year provides Web departments: cardiology respiratory medicine ~ 2 months ~ 2 month obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic 2-4 Urology Clinic 2-4 weeks plastic surgeons or little operating room 1-2 months to choose Web-Department of General Surgery (more than 2) renal Endocrinology internal medicine 1 month 1 month rheumatic Rooms 1 month 1 month 2nd year visits: Ward 3-6 months: 3 years out of the 6-9 months: 1-3 months Ward: 3-6 months of emergency: independent, and 1 times per week or more than 1 skin Pathology: 抗皱抗氧化 燕麦中含有大量的抗氧化物质，酚酸类有:咖啡酸、阿魏酸、香豆酸、安息香酸、香草酸、芥子酸、原儿茶酸、水杨酸、没食子酸、丁香酸等;类黄酮化合物包括:5,7,4’-三羟基黄酮;3’,4’,5,7-四羟基黄酮和4’,5,7-三羟基-3’,5’-二甲氧基黄酮，还有维生素E、燕麦蒽酰胺等等，这些物质都可以有效地清除自由基，减少自由基对皮肤细胞的伤害，减少皱纹的出现，淡化色斑，保持皮肤富有弹性和光泽。 燕麦蒽酰胺，又称燕麦生物碱，是燕麦特有的物质，燕麦蒽酰胺不仅具有清除自由基抗皱的功效，还具有抗刺激的特性，尤其当紫外线照射对皮肤产生不利作用时，它具有有效去除肤表泛红的功能，对过敏性皮肤具有优异的护理作用。 滋润护发 头发有一定的防御和保持体温的功能，但对于人类来说，更重要的是头发可以作为人的第二性征，头发的疏密、质量和外观修饰特征，很大程度上影响着人的容貌和精神气质，因此，洗护发产品在日化和美容行业占有很大的比重。 头发的基本成分是角质蛋白，燕麦蛋白质可在头发表面形成保护膜，润滑头发表层，减少摩擦力，从而减少因梳理等引起的头发损伤。燕麦蛋白质类还可以提供营养，促进头发的健康生长。 头发含水量的变化对头发质量和表观性状影响很大，如果头发吸水过多，会引起头发内蛋白质间氢键的破坏，从而使原有的发型及体积发生变化，甚至产生梳理困难等现象;如果头发失水过多，头发过度干燥，头发静电增加，导致乱发、飘发等现象。燕麦蛋白质在头发表面形成保护膜可以保持头发内水分的相对稳定，从而保持头发的光滑、柔顺和亮泽。 食用 燕麦让人易饱且能量持久 燕麦比较常见的食用是用燕麦米煮粥，燕麦粉也可做食物，也可以搭配牛奶什锦做做成混合食品、松饼、甜酒和饮料，也常被加入汤、肉麦粥，还可用于制作蛋糕、果冻、啤酒和饮料。燕麦麸可以单独食用，如熬制燕饼、蛋糕和面包里，也可以和其他食物一起食用。[7] 晋西北群众在长期生活实践中摸索了花样繁多的燕麦吃法。 西北地区的人们都是“三生三熟”的吃法。 以五寨为例，在面板上可推成刨花状的“猫儿朵窝窝”;可搓成长长的“鱼鱼”;用熟山药泥和莜面混合制“山药饼”;用熟山药和燕麦拌成小块状再炒制成“谷垒”;将生山药蛋磨成糊Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2009 participate in modifying the rules for the implementation of personnel: review: Chen Shengdi Ruijin hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Wang Xin Zhao Zhongxin, Zhongshan hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai Changzheng hospital, second military medical University Sun xiaojiang Liu Zhenguo sixth people's hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Xinhua Hospital wrote: Wang Shaoshi branch of Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated first people's Hospital Rule of Dermatology Dermatology clinical science is a covering a wide range of disciplines. Professional content including Dermatology, ... More than a month. Third, during the three-year rotation Department and schedule Web Department name 1th year provides Web departments: cardiology respiratory medicine ~ 2 months ~ 2 month obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic 2-4 Urology Clinic 2-4 weeks plastic surgeons or little operating room 1-2 months to choose Web-Department of General Surgery (more than 2) renal Endocrinology internal medicine 1 month 1 month rheumatic Rooms 1 month 1 month 2nd year visits: Ward 3-6 months: 3 years out of the 6-9 months: 1-3 months Ward: 3-6 months of emergency: independent, and 1 times per week or more than 1 skin Pathology: 状和莜面挂成丝丝的“圪蛋子”;小米粥煮拨鱼鱼的“鱼钻沙”;燕麦包野菜的“菜角”;更直接地将燕麦炒熟加糖或加盐的“炒面”等等，各具风味，百吃不厌，燕麦食品常常用以待客，并作为礼物相赠。 食疗功效 富含淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、B族维生素、尼克酸、叶酸、泛酸、钙、铁等营养成分，具有益肝和胃、养颜护肤等功效。燕麦还能够抗细菌、抗氧化的功效，在春季能够有效的增加人体的免疫力，抵抗流感。[8] 食物相宜 燕麦+牛奶:有利于蛋白质，膳食纤维，维生素，及多种微量元素的吸收。 燕麦+山药:益寿延年，是糖尿病、高血压、高血脂患者的食疗佳肴。 燕麦+南瓜:益肝和胃，润肠通便，降血压，降血脂。 燕麦米 燕麦经加工，可制成去壳破壁的燕麦米、燕麦粉、燕麦饼干、燕麦片、燕麦糕点，食路越来越宽了。燕麦除果腹之外，还有医药保健作用，用于产妇催乳、婴儿发育不良以及老年体弱症。 燕麦含高蛋白低糖，是糖尿病人的极好食品，脂肪中较多的亚油酸可降低胆固醇在心血管中的积累，降血脂，对动脉粥样硬化性冠心，日进食100克燕麦米后，临床可见，胆固醇、B脂蛋白、甘油三脂及体重都明显降低，对于因肝、肾病变、糖尿病等引起的继发性高血脂症也有同样明显疗效。燕谷坊燕麦米的食用方法如下[9] : 1、煮粥 电饭锅:1:15的米水比例，35分钟左右即可。 注意: A、煮粥要多放点水。 B、可以搭配红豆、南瓜、紫薯、绿豆等，味道会更好。 2、煮饭:(搭配大米)1:4的比例 燕麦米的比例是1，大米的比例是4，然后按照正常煮大米饭的水米比例就可以。 3、榨露 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2009 participate in modifying the rules for the implementation of personnel: review: Chen Shengdi Ruijin hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Wang Xin Zhao Zhongxin, Zhongshan hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai Changzheng hospital, second military medical University Sun xiaojiang Liu Zhenguo sixth people's hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Xinhua Hospital wrote: Wang Shaoshi branch of Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated first people's Hospital Rule of Dermatology Dermatology clinical science is a covering a wide range of disciplines. Professional content including Dermatology, ... More than a month. Third, during the three-year rotation Department and schedule Web Department name 1th year provides Web departments: cardiology respiratory medicine ~ 2 months ~ 2 month obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic 2-4 Urology Clinic 2-4 weeks plastic surgeons or little operating room 1-2 months to choose Web-Department of General Surgery (more than 2) renal Endocrinology internal medicine 1 month 1 month rheumatic Rooms 1 month 1 month 2nd year visits: Ward 3-6 months: 3 years out of the 6-9 months: 1-3 months Ward: 3-6 months of emergency: independent, and 1 times per week or more than 1 skin Pathology: 将适量燕麦米和水放入榨汁机，按照常规的榨汁程序即可，可配以苹果、香蕉等水果一起榨。 什锦果粒 2匙蒸熟的燕麦米和1匙黑芝麻粉放在碗中，加入苹果丁和香蕉丁，加开水适量搅匀后用微波炉加热3分钟，取出滴入两滴橄榄油即可。 营养点评:苹果和香蕉中维生素C不多，因此不用担心加热损失。不过其中的钾、镁、果糖和可溶性膳食纤维比较多，与燕麦一起，对心血管保健和稳定血糖、降低血胆固醇更有好处。这个粥很适合冬天早上吃，暖胃又提神。 奶香蛋羹 10克奶酪切成细末，与2汤匙燕麦粉(用燕麦米磨粉而成)、1个打好的鸡蛋液、1袋牛奶放到一起搅拌均匀，倒入有盖的碗中，或用优质保鲜膜封严。蒸锅上气后蒸10—15分钟即可。 营养点评:家中有幼儿或体弱老人的，可以把燕麦米磨成粉做成蛋羹一起吃。不但营养不会损失，还更好吸收。另外，鸡蛋除了富含优质蛋白、卵磷脂和叶黄素，还含有维生素D，可以帮助牛奶和奶酪中钙的吸收。此菜对于补钙格外有益。 果干蜂糕 把燕麦、玉米面、黄豆面、葡萄干、枸杞混合，加入酵母粉拌匀，加水和成稍软的面团。面团饧发20分钟后，蒸25分钟关火即可。 营养点评:燕麦做成蜂糕后不但增加了膳食纤维总量，还因为用葡萄干和枸杞代替了糖，使蜂糕的甜度降低，而风味不减。燕麦和玉米中都缺乏赖氨酸，而黄豆粉里面富含赖氨酸，可以增强其中蛋白质的吸收利用。 适宜人群 燕麦对于现状常常处於紧张状态的现代上班族来说，是一种兼顾营养又不至於发胖的健康食品。而对于心脑血管人群，肝肾功能不全者，肥胖者，中年人，还有想要减肥的女性更是保健佳品。 一般人群均可食用。适宜产妇、婴幼儿、老年人以及空勤、海勤人员食用;适宜慢性病人、脂肪肝、糖尿病、浮肿、习惯性便秘者食用;适宜体虚自汗、多汗、易汗、盗汗者食用;适宜高血压病、高脂血症、动脉硬化者食用。 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2009 participate in modifying the rules for the implementation of personnel: review: Chen Shengdi Ruijin hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Wang Xin Zhao Zhongxin, Zhongshan hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai Changzheng hospital, second military medical University Sun xiaojiang Liu Zhenguo sixth people's hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Xinhua Hospital wrote: Wang Shaoshi branch of Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated first people's Hospital Rule of Dermatology Dermatology clinical science is a covering a wide range of disciplines. Professional content including Dermatology, ... More than a month. Third, during the three-year rotation Department and schedule Web Department name 1th year provides Web departments: cardiology respiratory medicine ~ 2 months ~ 2 month obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic 2-4 Urology Clinic 2-4 weeks plastic surgeons or little operating room 1-2 months to choose Web-Department of General Surgery (more than 2) renal Endocrinology internal medicine 1 month 1 month rheumatic Rooms 1 month 1 month 2nd year visits: Ward 3-6 months: 3 years out of the 6-9 months: 1-3 months Ward: 3-6 months of emergency: independent, and 1 times per week or more than 1 skin Pathology: 食用注意 燕麦营养丰富，但不容易消化，所以，食用燕麦食品要掌握“少量、经常”的原则，每天 食用量以40克为宜，小孩或者老人还应更少，否则有可能造成胃痉挛或者腹部胀气。老人 或者小孩不要在晚餐大量食用燕麦食品，即使食用也应该选择燕麦粥。用燕麦粉与土豆粉做 成土豆燕麦饼，然后油炸、焙烤或煮食都是不错的选择，风味和口感都很好[10] Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2009 participate in modifying the rules for the implementation of personnel: review: Chen Shengdi Ruijin hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Wang Xin Zhao Zhongxin, Zhongshan hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai Changzheng hospital, second military medical University Sun xiaojiang Liu Zhenguo sixth people's hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Xinhua Hospital wrote: Wang Shaoshi branch of Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated first people's Hospital Rule of Dermatology Dermatology clinical science is a covering a wide range of disciplines. Professional content including Dermatology, ... More than a month. Third, during the three-year rotation Department and schedule Web Department name 1th year provides Web departments: cardiology respiratory medicine ~ 2 months ~ 2 month obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic 2-4 Urology Clinic 2-4 weeks plastic surgeons or little operating room 1-2 months to choose Web-Department of General Surgery (more than 2) renal Endocrinology internal medicine 1 month 1 month rheumatic Rooms 1 month 1 month 2nd year visits: Ward 3-6 months: 3 years out of the 6-9 months: 1-3 months Ward: 3-6 months of emergency: independent, and 1 times per week or more than 1 skin Pathology: