pamler的BP教程

A.N.PALMER,EditorofthkWESTERNPENMAN.WESTERNPENMANPUBLISHINGCO.,PUBLISHER,CEDARRAPIDS,IOWA.1894.-/-CEDARRAPIDS,IOWAREPuPL~CANPRINTINGCO.7PRINTERSANDBINDERS.Inpreparingthislittletreatiseon"hZuscularMovementWriting,"theauthorhasrecognizedthefactthattherearescoresofworksonwritinginwhichthemostperfectcopiesmaybefound,(copiesembodyingtheskilloftheengraverreallymorethanthatofanypenman,)andyetnotoneoftheseworkscontainsatangiblemethodfordevelopingMuscularblovement,thebusinessworld'srecognizedmovementforwriting.Thefaultunderlyingthevarioussystemsofcopybookscanbesummedupinthefactthattheirauthorsaretheorists,andhavenevertestedtheirmethodsintherushofbusiness.hIovementisthetruefoundationuponwhichtobuild,~farap~d,pract!calstyleofwritingisdesired,and,asthemuscularistheonlymovementadaptedtobus~nesswrltlng,aswellasthebestmovementfornearlyeverystyleofornamentalwriting,wehaveattemptedtoexplainitinthefollowingpagessofullythatnooneneedgropeindarkness,andnoonewiththeuseofoneeyeandonehandneedlongbewithoutagoodhand-writlng.The"muscularmovementsys-tem"ofwritingissweepingthecountrylikewild-fire,andfromeveryquarterwehearitspraisessungwithalltheenthusiasmofwhichyoungAmericaiscapable.Itistheonlysystemthatcom-bineslegibility,rapidityandbeauty,itistheonlysystemadaptedtothewantsoftheAmericanpeople,anditisboundtoberecognizedeverywhereandbyeverybody.Weknowtherearesomewhostillclingtothefossilizedtheorythatallthatisnecessarytomakegoodwritersofpupilsistoplaceaccuratecopiesbeforethem,andtogetthemtostudyandpracticesuchcopiescarefully.Suchteachingneverhasbeenandnevercanbesuccessful.Ifthistheoryiscorrect,whyisitthatthepublicschoolpupils~racticeafterthemostaccuratecopiesincopybooksfornearlyadczenyearswithoutacquiringapracticalhand?Agoodpenmanwhousesmuscularmovementasthefoundation,willteachtheaveragestudenttowriteagood,prac-ticalhandinsixmonths.Whenwesaypractical,wemeanaplainandrapidstyle,adaptedtobusinesspurposes.Withtheseglaringfactsstaringthemintheface,itseemsstrangethatthepeoplewhopaytaxestosupportthepublicschoolsystem,canbesatisfiedtoseetheirchildrengraduatefromthegrammarorh~ghschoolw~thhonors,afteradozenormoreyearsofhardstudy,withoutoneofthemostnecessaryofallaccomplishments-agood,practicalstyleofwriting-whenthatbranchmighthavebeensuccessfullymasteredinafewmonthsunderproperinstruction.Pupilsinthelowergradesofthegrammarschools,asarule,writemuchbetterthanthoseofthehighergradesandinthehighschools,Manywonderwhythisisso,andyetthesolutionisverysimpleandplain.Inthelowergradesthepupilsareallowedallthetimetheydesireinwhichtowritealineinthecopybook,andtheresultistheylearntodraw(notwrite)theletterswithgreatpreclslon.Thatthisknowledge,withoutmovement,isvaluelessisclearlydemonstrated,whenthepupilsreachtheplaceintheirschoollifewhererapidwritingisimperative.Theresultsofthismethodofteachingpenmanshipareclearlyshownintheaccompanyingcuts,thefirstoneshowingthewritingofabrightboytwoyearsafterhebeganhisschoolcareer,andthesecondshowingthewritingofthesameboyyearslaterwhenplacedinaposit~onrequiringrapidwr~ting.Hadthisyoungmanbeentaughtalight,slidingmuscularmovementasthefoundation,withareasonableamountofdrillontheplainestbusinessforms,hewouldhaveacquiredahandsomeandrapidbus~nesshandlongbeforehereachedthehighschool.Theauthorhopesthatallwhohaveoccasiontoturnthepagesofthislittlebookwillinvestigatethoroughlythemeritsofmuscularmovementasappliedtowriting,forheisreasonablycertainthatallwhogiveitafairandimpartialtrialwillacknowledgeitsuperiortoallothermovements.Thereisnophilosophicallineofthoughtwherebyonecanarguehimselfintoagoodhandwriting.Therearenooccultofthemind,-hirh,touchedbyamasterwi!lpower.canbemadetovibratealongthemusclesofthearmlikemagic,guidingthehandsafelythroughbeartiful.butunknownformsThereisnosubtlelineofareunlentthatwill,\vhencareful!ladheredto,enablethe-recipientinbecomeagoodwriterivithoutthatmostnecessaryof-allelements,per-sistent,personaleffort.Tobesure,thatwonderful,indivisiblespiritualforce,calledtheniind,must,throughtheimpellingforceofwillpower,directandtheactionofthemuscles,andthroughthemthedirectionsofthepen,butthestudentwhocalmlyfoldshishandrmdarguestohimselfthatlearningtowriteISamatterofmind,notmatter.oftheory.notwork,w~llfindhim-selfthemostdeludedofallmodernself-styledthinkers.Thetheoremtoallisintelligent,lassiduouswork.Itisthedogmaofourfaith,thewatchwordofthosewhohavesuc-Racessfullsthreadedthelabyrinthinepathsinthepast,anditevermustbetheguidingstarinthisandfuturegenerations,reFsorpr:fecha1thecesofantea!ofno'UPThelegitimateresultofcop)bookpractice,-4SO.I.NOTE.--TheselessonsareinplanandpurposeidenticalwiththosegiveninnlyclassesfronldaytodayintheCedar- RapidsBusinessCollegeTheyhavebeenlargelycompiledfrommanuscriptfurnishedbyastenographer,whonladeverbatin, reportsofmydailylessonstomyclasses.Inthisn-aymanypointsofimportance,broughttoInynoticethroughper-sotla1contactnithstudents,havefoundtheirwayintotheselessons,whichotherwisewouldhnvebeenomitted.hlanypracticalsuggestionsinanylineofteaching,arecreationsofimpulse,andenvironment,suggestedbythemomentaryre-flectionofthestudent'sneeds,andinthisconnectionIhavethoughtthat,asthep~lpilswhocomposemydailyclasseshavecomefromallpointsofrhecompass,andastheyrepresentallconditionsusuallymetinpenmanshipclasses,thattheirdallychirographicdietwillprovehealthfultoaliwhofollowtheselessons.S'FL'IIY'Fi-IEISSTKUC7FIOSS.Goodwritingisnow,alwayshasbeen,andalwayswillbethedirectresultofaprocesscfdevelopment,andthispro-cessofdevelopmentcannotbecrowdedlntoafewhours,da)s,orweeks.Goodwritingisbroughtaboutbycarefulstudyofcauseandeffect,criticalexaminationofthefarmsgivenforpractice,aproperapplicationofalightelasticmovement,andcontinuous,steadyeffortalongtheonelineItwillbeourearnestefforttomakeallofthestepsinthecourseplain,easyofcomprehensionandbyanaturalprocessleadinguptothehigherorderofdevelopmentinthemoreadvancedpartofthecourseItisofthentnlostimportancethatthcinstructionsandsuggestionsshouldbestudiedandactedupon;notspa~r~~odically,continuously.Infact,thehighl~ghtsofreasonshouldbebroughttobearbutthoughtfully~n_luponthesubjectatalltimesandthedictatesofjudgmentandreasonshouldbefollowed.\\'KITlSGhIATER1ALS.110notattempttopracticepenmanshipwithpoormnterials.Goodpaperisthefirstessential;notlittlesheetsofnotepaper,butfoolsc;tpandsinglesheetsarepreferabletothosethatarefolded.OfcourseallwilllayinastockofPal-mer'sBusinessPens,anclthepenholdershouldnotbeoverlookedI)onot,webegofyou,attempttouseametaltippedholder,oronethatisanumberofsizestoosmallforthehand.Huyagoodstraightholder,ifyoudonotpossessone,anddonothesitateto[laytencentsforitifthatisthepriceOurstudentsallusethe"Crown"penholder,manu-facturedbytheEaglePencllCo.,SewYork,aholderthatretailsattencents.Thereisnobettermade.17ndernocircc~mstancesattempttoexecutebusinesswritingwith;inobliqueholder.TheobliqueholderisallrightInitspiace,ar.ditsplaceisinexecutingornamentalwriting.Forthatpurposeithasnoequal.Goodinkisnottheleastimportantthinginthestudent'soutfit.Thickmuddyinksho~ildbeavoidedastheplague.1:orbusinesswritingwepreferLevison'sBlueBlackWritingFluid,manufacturedbyLevisonc9rBLythe,St.Louis,Mo.Sanford'sisalsoagoodink.CLOTHINGFORRI(;HTFOKEARAI.Asthemovementweteachforwritingisonein\\hichthemusclesoftherightforearmplayanimportantpart,itishighlyessentialthatthemusclesofthatarmshouldhesoclothedlorunclothed)astopermitatalltimesunrestrictedactlon.ManygoodwritersconsiderthisofsufficientImportancetoleadthem,inwinter,tocutofftheheavyundersleeveattheelbow.HEIGHTOFTAHLEOKDESK.Soonecanwriteeasilyatatablesolowthat~tisnecessarytothrowtheentirebodyforwardtoreachthewriting;andagalnitwillbefoundfullyasdifficulttoacquireagoodmovementatatablesohighthatwhensittinginanuprightpositionwiththerightforearmrestingonthetable,theshoulderisthrownupwardoutofitsnaturalpos~tion.Wecannotgiveadefiniteruleinregardtotheheightofthetable,asthatdependsentirelyuponthesizeofthewriter.butforapersonofaverageheightthetopofthetableshouldbeatleast,tkirtvinchesfronlthefloor.Theaveragedistanceinadirect,linefromtheeyetothepaperinreadingorwritingisabout12or14,inches;ifthedeskbealowone,theeyewillnaturallydropto,withinacertaindistanceofthepaper,andthebodyisforcedtoassumeanunhealthyattitude.Ontheotherhand,byusinga..higherdesk,theeye,inordertoassumeagainitswritingdistance,;'isforcedup\vard,theheadisalsoraised,andthebodyisatoncethrownintoanaturalposition,enablingonetowriteforhourswithoutfatigue.Ifyourdeskistoolow,asisoftenthecase,regulateitsheightbyusingblocksofwoodofthedesiredthicknesstobring~tuptocorrectheight.GESERALPOSITIOSATDESK.ThefollowinginstructionsregardingpositionweregiveninTOOHIGH.oneofourdailywritingclassesandwetrusttheirimportancewillberecognizedbyallstudents.IneverywritingclassIhaveevertaughttherehavebeencertainthingsofthelitmostimportance,which,whenoncetold,oughtnottobetoldagain:thatis,thereoughttohenoneceisityofrepeatingthem,becausetheyareofsuchvitalimport-ancethateachstudentoughttorememberthem:andyet,IhavenevertaughtaclassinwhichIhavenotbeencompelledtorepeatoverandovercertainthingsthatareofimportancetobeginners;thosethingswhich,~fignoredonthestart,mustresultinfailure.First.Inregardtothegeneralpositionatthedeskinwriting.Therearecertainruleswhichwemustrigidlyfollowinordertosucceed.\i-esaytoyou,wewantyoutousethemusclesofthearm,wewantyoutotlsethesemusclesfreely?ndeasily,notlaboriously:wewantyoutousethemfromtheshoulder.'TherearecertainconditionsunderwhichyouInthefirstexercise,wheretwentydownwardstrokesaremadewithoutliftingthepen,notlessthantencompletedexercisesshouldbem:tdetotheminute,making303downwardstrokestotheminute.Inexercise2eightcompletedexer.cisesshouldbemldetotheminuteassumlngthattwentystrokestotherightwillbemadetotheminute.hIakingtwentyrevolutionsinthesameplace,tencompletedexercisestotheminutewillgiveaq~ickenoughmovementinexercise3.Wewillmakeastillfurtherstudyofthebody,armandhand,asshowninthefollowingillustrations:SO.5.NO.7.so.6Innumbers5and6notecloselythepositionofthepenholderInthehand,thebendingofthefingersandthemuscularrest.Innumber7studycarefullythepositionoftheelbowandparticularlythedistancebetweentherightsideandelbow.PageafterpageandsheetaftersheetshouldbefilleduithexerciseI,untilthedirectforwardandbackwardmove.mentcanbeexecutedwithuniformity,freedomandease.Thesamemethodofpracticeshouldbecarriedoutwithnum-bers2and3.Developmentinpenmanshipcanonlybesecuredthroughaseriesofrepetitions,andthosewhoarenotwillingtoiollowoutthesuggestionsandinstructionsembodiedintheselessonsneednotlookforrapidilflproveme~it.Andnow,weleavelessonIInyourhands.Itisthekeytofutureprogress:studyit,assimilateit,applyit,andyourfutureprogressisassured.Glanceoveritsuperficially,avoiditsdetails,neglectitspersonalapplication,shunitssug-gestionsofhardworkanditwillprovevalueless.Undernocircumstancestakeupthefollowinglessonsuntilyouhavemasteredthisone.Itmayrequireaday,itmayrequireaweek,anditmayrequireamonth,butsticktoitunttlitiscompletelymastered.LESSOSSO.2.Isitnecessarythatweshouldrepeatanyofthepreliminaryinstructionsgivenintheprecedinglesson?Webelievethatitisn7tnecessary;webelievethatthosestudentswhoarethoughtfulandearnestwilloverlooknothing,andthosewhoarecarzless,half-heartedandindolentwillignoreanythingfurtherwemightaddtowhathasalreadybeensaidregardingpositionanditsimportance.Wemust,however,emphasizetheimportanceofmovementbeforeattemptingfurtherprogress.Wedesirethatthereshouldbenomistakeregardingthemuscularmovementoritsapplication,andwiththebelieffirmlyrooted,thatsuccessinlearningtowriteaneasy,gracefulbusinesshandisdependentuponthedevelopmentofthatmovement,thetrendoftheselessonswillbetowardacompletemasteryofmusculararmaction.W~llyoukindlvundressyourarm(removeallclothingfromit)anddropitonthetableordeskinanaturalposition,withthewristnearlyfat(seecutofbarearm);nowmovethehandforwardandbackwardrapidlyasfarasyoucanwith-outslidingthearm.Thefleshonthearm,youwillnotice,issufficientlyyieldingtoenableyoutomovethehandacon-siderabledistance,farenough,infact,toproduceverylargecapitalswithoutanyfingeraction(extendingorcontractin)oranyothermovementwhateverSowslidethehandalongonthepaperinthedirectiontakenbytheconnectedsma!Im.usingthesamemuscularaction.Doyouseehowitworks!Teacherscaninstructtheirstudentstomakethisexami-nationofthebaredarmattheirrooms,inorderthattheymayunderstandtherelationofmuscletomovement.Fromthisweareenabledtodeducethefollowingdefinition.Theinrrscul(zrmovein?izt,asaflflfiedtowritin,.,isthemo71evtentofthentzrsclesofthearmfromtheshoz~ldertothtwnrf,whilekeeflinftheyeshyiyortionoftkearmjustforwavdoftheelboustationaryonthedesk:thefinfers,whilenotbeingheldrigid),remaznirz,oflassioe.Doyouthoroughlycomprehendit?Ifnot,readovertheprecedinginstructionsandexplanationsandexperimentwiththatrightarmofyoursuntilyoudo.Withtheunderstandingthatyoudocomprehendthoroughlytheforegoing,wewillpassontothesolidpracticeworkwhichwillcharacterizethefollowinglessons:Wlththelowerleftcornerofthepaperpointingtothecenterofthebody;withthelefthandattheuperleftcopn?rofthepaper,withtherightarmthrownwelloutfromtheside:witharightangleformedattheelboworrightarm;withthemusclesoftherightforearmjustforwardoftheelbowrestingnaturally;withthewristandsideofthehandfree9fromthepaperordesk,andwithageneralobservanceofthepositionoftherighthand,asshowninrecedingcuts,practicethefollowingexercisewithalight,elasticmovement.Thedownwardstrokesshouldbemadetowardyou,andthepapermovedtowardtheleftwiththelefthandafterthefirstexercisehasbeencompleted,sothatitsrelativepositiontothebodyandrightarmmayatalltimesbeasnearlyaspossiblethesame.Thisexerciseshoulclbemadelarge.occupyingthefullspacebetweentworuledlinesonthepaper.Thereshouldbenoshade,andthemainobjectsatthisstageoftheworkshouldbetodevelopfreedomofmovementandelastic~tyandlightnessofstroke.SotlessthanIjodownwardstrokesinthisexerciseshouldbemadetotheminute.Thiscanbedonec;lsilyifthereisnofingeraction.Fingermovementwillnotonlyretardthespeedbutwillgivetheresultsaheavy,unevenappearance.Fillsheetaftersheetoffoolscapwiththisexercise,anddonotstopuntilyouaresatisfiedthatyouhavecaughttherhytli~iiofnotion*ClosethislessonbypracticingafewnlinutestheexerctsesgiveninlessonI.LESSOSj.PracticeaccordingtoinstructionsoneachoftheexercisesgiveninlessonsIand2threeminutes,andif,attheex-pirationofthattimeyouarenotsatisfiedwiththefinishedproducts,continuethepracticeuntilyouareCOLlSTISGASAJLEASSOFKEC;VI.Al'IS(;JlOTIOS.Inwriting,asinmusic,regularityofmovementISanimportantfactor.Ajerky,spasmodicmotionistobeavoided.andsuccessfulteachersofwrlt~nghavefoundthatsomemethodof~narkingthetimeoimakingthepartsoftheIettet-sishelpful.Sorneuseametronome,someachalkbowandaruler;othersusemusicaliqstrurnents,butwepreferthatwonderiulmachine,thehumanvoice,andaprocessofcountingtofitthedifftrentpartsoftheletters.Inindi\.idualhomepracticethecountir~gprocessisofasmuchvalueasintheschoolroom.Hereaftel-,intheselessons,wewillemploy~tinallmovementdrills.---z/"'tbeightTheobjectsoughtintheaboveexerciseisthedevelopmentofthelateralrnovementandthefocusingofthatmove-ove-menttotheiormofthesmallm,withuniformity.Tryit:slide,two,three,slide:slide,two,three,slide;slide,two,lum-three,slide:slidetwo,three,slide,etc.Make32oftheseexercisestotheminute.Shorteningtheslides,maketuo'mallrn'swithoutliftingthepen,asgtoshowninthefollowingexercise:may/,lieve/-2--z+-z-/------,,'---i---those/-_-a'<---~~----2-7,-/----~4IsaidptingMaketwelvelines,ortwenty-foursmallm'sinth~sesercisetotheminute.,andTothebeginnerinmovementthislessonwillfurnishnotonlyone,butmanyhours'practice,beforetherightqlialitFIntheofstrokecanbeapplied.BEFAITHFUL.)n.LESSOS4.jition,Againreviewtheworkoftheprecedinglessons,carefullvandthoughtfully.with-Thesmalloshouldbeclosedatthetopbybringingtwocurvestogetherfromoppositedirections.Asthefinishingcon-strokeinthesmalloandthebeginningofthelastsl~deforrnanacuteangleatthetopoftheo,theremust,ofnecessitv,beamomentarycheckingofthemotionatthetopoftheletter.Studythenlovementcarefullyasappliedtothisform.-sma.1xarnl-eo.,/'4--_-z--5/-L.-_---tothd1'ilenof/----------~---.,L.-_-~l.imentI'.//--1g,we-____--.-/-~h./---'----,I:--------~!ftcoprnlessthereisaslight(veryslight)checkingofthemotioninbringingthetwopartsoftheiettertogetherattheto:,ltarm;ldfreetheresultwillbesomethinglikethefollo\ving,producingaformmorenearlylikethesmallvthansnlallo.6.-',\%---'10ERRORTOREAVOIDED,'Thisexerciseshouldbeattherateof44totheminute.Shortentheslidesandmaketwoletterswithoutcheckingthemotion,asshowninthefollowingexercise.Thirty-twoofthes:exercisesorsixty-foursmall0'stothemlnuteisafairrateofpracticespeed.Sothingneedbesaidinconnectionwithabovecopy.Itisbeforeyou,studyitandpracticeit,continuingyourpracticeuntilyouaresatisfiedwiththeformoftheletterandtheslide.Ifyouhavefollowedourinstructionsandhavepacticedontheslidingexercisescarefully,thefollowingcopywillproveaneasyonetosubjugate.I)onotwritelessthantwenty-twoofthesewordstotheminute.Tothosewhohavebeenusingaslowfingerorcombinedmovement,thismayseemaveryrapidmotion.Itis,how-ever,nonetoorapid,and,althoughthelettersmaybetoolargeandpoorlyformed,andalthoughthespacesandslidesmaybeirregularatfirst,donotbecomediscouraged,butbringyourwillpowerintorequisitionandrepeattheformsoverandover,rememberingthatnoonehaseverbecomeafinewriterwithoutthisconstantrepetition.Themedicinemaynotbeentirelypleasanttothetaste,butbelieveus,itisverywholesome.LESOSSoj.Rei:erationTila\-becomemonotonous,butinthelightofanumberofvears'experienceinteaching!~usinesswriting,\refeelthenecess16oftincturingei-erylessonwiththeessenceofmusculirmovement,knowingfull\\ellthate\erystu-Identn.hoc,lnbeledtoamasteryofalight,~iiuscularmovementn-illbeco~lreaznndb11;inesswriter.11)IFFlRF:XTKlSIl\OF\lYSCL-I-,\l<JlO\.I:\lf<\l'IOccasionallv\vemeetastudentwhousesniuscularmove-IwritingSuchstr.~dentsusually\\ritewhatmightbetermed.';~llover,"everymusclebeingtenseandeverypartofthebodyshowingsympathywiththerightarmthroughaseriesofspasmodicmovements.Itisthefunctionoftherightal-n1toperformtheivorkofxvritinr,anditwilldoitsworkcasil\-ant1Iandaturnformedattheeiboiv.areryslighteffo~tuilipro-L1tluccmuscularactionLocatetheDI-onellinrIlo\verbackofI\\-HOLEAK\l\lo\-EIESTTheaccompan!ingcutilli~strateswhat,professionally,isknoxn;IS\\.hole-armmovement;aniove~iicntof\\hich-:crylittleofgooticanbesaid.Itistiresome,erratic,unreliahlcandantagonis~ictomuscularmovrnlentItisfastbcin~rele.gatedtothebhadonsofthepastandsoonwillbewithusas;I1Inentandthealmostgeneraladoptionof~nuscularmovement,aeenerationofvounepenmenbassprunrup.theequalofwhichwasne\.er'kno;cn'undertheo!dregime,\\.hen'\\hole1armandfingerorcombinedmovements\reredonlinant.ForIapreliminarymovementdrill,atestofmove~ilentpowerandThe\i'1101~.,11111>ln\?!~leiltPi~i$<,.It15a>Ii,nstrn,i:\.Slltlnit.movementcontrol,practicethefollo\vingexercisesaccording\lakingtenrevolutionsinthesameplaceforboththelargeandsmallovals,theresEouldbeattheendofonemin-ute,notlessthannineofthelargeandthesamenumberofthe~niallexercise,rSorevolutionstotheminute,allo\vingsufticienttlmeforliftingthepenandcarryingitfromoneexercisetoanother.L.sewillpower,andwhiletrjingtode-velopelastic~tyofmovementtr)-alsotogair,alittlebettercontrolofthemotionsofthepenwitheachstroke.yourZOPYIntheabo\-eexercisethepositionofthepaperisthesamefortheAntasforthedirectoval.Afterhavingpracticed11carefullyontheforegoingexercises,thefollotving~villbeveryeasyandrestful.ow-nayandtbeClosethelessonbytlrill~ngafewminutesoneachexercisegiveninlessonsjand4.L~:s\oxso.6.\lorerepetition.Repeatthemovementdrillsgiveninlesson5,practicin:,.buttwoorthreeminutesoneach.--12L-niformityinslant,space,size,widthandheightshouldmarkthecourseofthepenintheaboveexercise.Count,asindicatedbythefiguresabovetheletters:I,z,3;I,z,3;I,2.3;.or,I,z,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.Inourregulardrillworkinclass,weinsistuponeverypup11maklngfromfifty-fivetosixtysmallm'sperminuteatthestart,andwcincreajethespeedconstantly.Whenyouhavepracticedfiveminutesonthisexercise,wethinkitisbesttostopandstudytheform,andrightherewewishtocautionallagainstslightingthispartofthework.Itisimpor-tantandispositivelynecessar