Unit 3 Out of Step综合教程三

Unit1Unit3OutofStepWatchthemovieclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whereistheengineofthe911?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationInthebackofthecar.Theproductandtheirmanufacturingprocessareoneunit.Automation,technologyandskilledhumanlaborcombinetobuildthePorsche911.Andthefactoryrunslikeaprecisionmachine.2.What’sthesecretofsuccessofthatfactory?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationNarrator:AGermanfactorybuildsoneoftheworld’smostfamouscars.The911istheiconofthesportscarindustry.It’stheshape,it’stheengineintheback,it’sthefeelitgivesyou,it’stheemotion.Thefactoryrunslikeaprecisionmachine,buildinghundredsofenginesaday.Theproductandourmanufacturingprocessareoneunit,andthat’soursecretofsuccess.Automation,technologyandskilledhumanlaborcombinetobuild16versionsofthePorsche911,includingthe911GT3.VideoScript1AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationCarculturehasbeenamajornichelifestyleinAmerica.Inthe1950s,thepost-warboomproducedagenerationofteenagerswithenoughincometobuytheirowncars.Thesecarsbecamesomuchmorethanjustmodesoftransportation.Theywerereflectionsofalifestyle.Theabilitytotuneandsoup-upmusclecarsgaveaverageJoestheopportunitytoshowofftheirpower,theirspeedandtheirstyleinawaythatpersonifiedthecarascharacter.1.2.Culturalinformation1AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationWedreamofcarsaswedreamoflovers.Americanshavealwayscherishedpersonalfreedomandmobility,ruggedindividualismandmasculineforce.3.Culturalinformation2AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformation4.5.6.LikeGrannyinJanandDean’s1964song“TheLittleOldLadyfromPasadena,”wecan’tkeepourfootofftheaccelerator.Wearecrazyaboutourcars—andalwayshavebeen.“TheAmerican,”WilliamFaulknerlamentedin1948,“reallylovesnothingbuthisautomobile.”GlobalReading-Mainidea1TextAnalysisStructuralAnalysis“OutofStep”isanexpositionthatpresentstheabsurdityoftheAmericans’dependenceoncars.TheAmericans,beingsoaccustomedtousingcars,havealmostforgottentheexistenceoftheirlegs.Wherevertheygo,theygointheircars.Asaresult,pedestrianfacilitiesareneglectedincityplanningorrejectedbytheinhabitants.Structuralanalysis1TextAnalysisStructuralAnalysisParagraphsMainidea1-67-1314-20Thewriterintroduceshisideawithananecdote.Inthispart,theauthorpresentsthefactthattheAmericansarehabituatedtousingcarsforeverything.Inthispart,theauthorshowsthatpedestrianfacilitiesareneglectedordiscarded.AfterlivinginEnglandfor20years,mywifeandIdecidedtomovebacktotheUnitedStates.Wewantedtoliveinatownsmallenoughthatwecouldwalktothebusinessdistrict,andsettledonHanover,N.H.,atypicalNewEnglandtown—pleasant,sedateandcompact.IthasabroadcentralgreensurroundedbythevenerablebuildingsofDartmouthCollege,anold-fashionedMainStreetandleafyresidentialneighborhoods.Itis,inshort,anagreeable,easyplacetogoaboutone’sbusinessonfoot,andyetasfarasIcantell,virtuallynoonedoes.BillBrysonOutofStepDetailedreading1DetailedReading12Detailedreading2Nearlyeveryday,Iwalktothepostofficeorlibraryorbookstore,andsometimes,ifIamfeelingparticularlydebonair,IstopatRoseyJekesCaféforacappuccino.Occasionally,intheevenings,mywifeandIstrolluptotheNuggetTheatreforamovieortoMurphy’sontheGreenforabeer,Iwouldn’tdreamofgoingtoanyoftheseplacesbycar.Peoplehavegottenusedtomyeccentricbehavior,butintheearlydaysacquaintanceswouldoftenpulluptothecurbandaskifIwantedaride.“I’mgoingyourway,”theywouldinsistwhenIpolitelydeclined.“Really,it’snobother.”DetailedReading34Detailedreading3“Honestly,Ienjoywalking.”“Well,ifyou’resure,”theywouldsayanddepartreluctantly,evenguiltily,asifleavingthesceneofanaccidentwithoutgivingtheirname.IntheUnitedStateswehavebecomesohabituatedtousingthecarforeverythingthatitdoesn’toccurtoustounfurlourlegsandseewhatthoselowerlimbscando.Wehavereachedanagewherecollegestudentsexpecttodrivebetweenclasses,whereparentswilldrivethreeblockstopickuptheirchildrenfromafriend’shouse,wherethelettercarriertakeshisvanupanddowneverydrivewayonastreet.DetailedReading567Detailedreading4Wewillgothroughthemostextraordinarycontortionstosaveourselvesfromwalking.Sometimesit’salmostludicrous.TheotherdayIwaswaitingtobringhomeoneofmychildrenfromapianolessonwhenacarstoppedoutsideapostoffice,andamanaboutmyagepoppedoutanddashedinside.Hewasinthepostofficeforaboutthreeorfourminutes,andthencameout,gotinthecaranddroveexactly16feet(Ihadnothingbettertodo,soIpaceditoff)tothegeneralstorenextdoor.DetailedReading8Detailedreading5DetailedReadingAndthethingis,thismanlookedreallyfit.I’msurehejogsextravagantdistancesandplayssquashanddoesallkindsofhealthfulthings,butIamjustassurethathedrivestoeachoftheseundertakings.Anacquaintanceofourswascomplainingtheotherdayaboutthedifficultyoffindingaplacetoparkoutsidethelocalgymnasium.Shegoesthereseveraltimesaweektowalkonatreadmill.Thegymnasiumis,atmost,asix-minutewalkfromherfrontdoor.910Detailedreading6DetailedReadingIaskedherwhyshedidn’twalktothegymanddosixminuteslessonthetreadmill.ShelookedatmeasifIweretragicallysimple-mindedandsaid,“ButIhaveaprogramforthetreadmill.Itrecordsmydistanceandspeedandcalorieburnrate,andIcanadjustitfordegreeofdifficulty.”Iconfessithadnotoccurredtomehowthoughtlesslydeficientnatureisinthisregard.111213Detailedreading7DetailedReadingAccordingtoaconcernedandfaintlyhorrified1997editorialintheBostonGlobe,theUnitedStatesspentlessthanonepercentofitstransportationbudgetonfacilitiesforpedestrians.Actually,I’msurpriseditwasthatmuch.Gotoalmostanysuburbdevelopedinthelast30years,andyouwillnotfindasidewalkanywhere.Oftenyouwon’tfindasinglepedestriancrossing.IhadthisbroughthometomeonesummerwhenweweredrivingacrossMaineandstoppedforcoffeeinoneofthoseendlesszonesofshoppingmalls,motels,gasstationsandfast-foodplaces.Inoticedtherewasabookstoreacrossthestreet,soIdecidedtoskipcoffeeandheadover.1415Detailedreading8DetailedReadingAlthoughthebookshopwasnomorethan70or80feetaway,Idiscoveredthattherewasnowaytocrossonfootwithoutdodgingoversixlanesofswiftlymovingtraffic.Intheend,Ihadtogetinourcaranddriveacross.Atthetime,itseemedridiculousandexasperating,butafterwardIrealizedthatIwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohaveentertainedthenotionofnegotiatingthatintersectiononfoot.1617Detailedreading9DetailedReadingThefactis,wenotonlydon’twalkanywhereanymoreinthiscountry,wewon’twalkanywhere,andwoetoanyonewhotriestomakeus,asthecityofLaconia,N.H.,discovered.Intheearly1970s,Laconiaspentmillionsonacomprehensiveurbanrenewalproject,whichincludedbuildingapedestrianmalltomakeshoppingmorepleasant.Estheticallyitwasatriumph—urbanplannerscamefromallovertocooandtakephotos—butcommerciallyitwasadisaster.Forcedtowalkonewholeblockfromaparkinggarage,shoppersabandoneddowntownLaconiaforsuburbanmalls.18Detailedreading10DetailedReadingIn1994Laconiadugupitsprettypavingblocks,tookawaythetubsofgeraniumsanddecorativetrees,andbroughtbackthecars.Nowpeoplecanparkrightinfrontofthestoresagain,anddowntownLaconiathrivesanew.Andifthatisn’tsad.Idon’tknowwhatis.1920Whatkindoftownisit?Detailedreading1--Quesion1Itisasmall,pleasantandagreeabletown.Theinhabitantsarefriendlyandwillingtohelp.Butalthoughthetowniscompact,fewpeoplegoaboutonfoot.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1--Quesion2Whatisconsideredtheauthor’s“eccentricbehavior”?Insteadofridingacar,theauthorwalksaroundthecity,doinghisshopping,goingtothemoviesorvisitingthecaféorbar.Topeoplewhoareusedtogoingeverywhereinacar,heisaneccentric.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1--Quesion3Whywoulddrivers“departreluctantly,evenguiltily”whentheirofferwasdeclined?Withcarsbecomingthebasicessentialsoftheirlife,peoplearesohabituatedtousingthecarforeverything.Thesceneofsomebodywalkingaroundseemedsounusualtothemthattheywouldnaturallyshowtheirconcerntohim.Whentheiroffertogivehimaridewasdeclined,theyweresorryfornotbeingabletohelphimout.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1--Quesion4Whydidtheauthorsay“Actually,I’msurpriseditwasthatmuch”?Whentheauthorfoundthatthenewlyplannedsuburbstotallyoverlookedpedestrianneeds,heassumedtherewasnobudgetforpedestrianfacilitiesatall.Sohesayshewassurprisedtolearnthatthereactuallywaslessthanonepercentofbudgetonit.Heretheauthorwriteswithatouchofirony.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1--Quesion5WhydidLaconiachangeitsdowntownpedestrianmalltoonewithparkinglots?Althoughthepedestrianmallwaswelldecorated,shopperswereunwillingtowalktothestoresfromaparkinggarage.Asaresult,itwasacommercialfailure.Thegovernmenthadtocompromisewiththepublicpreference.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–Activity1ClassActivityGroupdiscussion:Whatdoesthetitlemean?Withtheuseofthistitle,thewriterseemstosuggestDetailedReadingpeoplenolongerwalkinAmerica;thefewpeoplewhodowalkseemtobeold-fashionedand“eccentric”.sedatea.calm,seriousandformalDetailedreading1–sedatee.g.Sheisasedateoldlady;sheiscaringbutnevertalksmuch.Thefightagainstanuclearpowerstationsitehastransformedanormallysedatetownintoabattlefield.Derivation:sedately(ad.),sedation(n.),sedative(a.,n.)v.makecalmorsleepy,esp.withadruge.g.Thepatientwasheavilysedatedandrestingquietlyinbed.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–eccentriceccentrica.(ofpeopleorbehavior)unconventionalandslightlystrangee.g.Theoldgentleman,wholivedaloneallhislife,wassaidtohavesomeeccentrichabits.n.apersonofunconventionalandslightlystrangeviewsorbehaviore.g.Theoldgentlemanenjoyedacolorfulreputationasanengagingeccentric.DetailedReadingcurbn.(BritishEnglish:kerb)alineofraisedstonesseparatingthefootpathfromtheroadv./n.(place)acontrolorlimitonsth.undesirableDetailedreading1–curbe.g.Poornutritioncancurbachild’sdevelopmentbothphysicallyandmentally.Therewillbecurbsondrunk-drivingfromnextmonth.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1--habituatehabituatev.accustombyfrequentrepetitionorprolongedexposuree.g.Youmusthabituateyourselftoreadingaloud.Bytheendoftheschoolterm,thestudentshadbeenhabituated/accustomed/usedtorisingatfiveo’clock.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–contortion1contortionn.atwistedpositionormovementthatlookssurprisingorstrangee.g.Thespectatorscannotbutadmirethecontortionsofthegymnasts.Derivation:contort(v.)causesth.totwistoutofitsnaturalshapeandlooksstrangeorunttractiveDetailedReadingThehumanunderstandingislikeafalsemirror,which,receivingraysirregularlydistortsanddiscolorsthenatureofthingsbyminglingitsownnaturewithit.(FrancisBacon).Detailedreading1–contortion2e.g.Comparison:distort,twist,deform,contort,warpTheseverbsmeantochangeandspoiltheformorcharacterofsth.Todistortistoalterinshape,asbytorsionorwrenching;thetermalsoappliestoverbalorpictorialmisrepresentationandtoalterationorperversionofthemeaningofsth.distort:DetailedReadingGreaterosiondeformedthelandscape.Theearlierpartofhisdiscoursewasdeformedbypedanticdivisionsandsubdivisions.Detailedreading1–contortion3amouthtwistedwithpainHeaccusedmeoftwistinghiswordstomeanwhatIwantedthemto.e.g.Comparison:twist:Twistappliestodistortionofformormeaning.e.g.deform:Ifyoudeformsth.,orifitdeforms,itsusualshapechangessothatitsusefulnessorappearanceisspoiled.DetailedReadingThefloorboardshadwarpedovertheyears.e.g.Detailedreading1–contortion4afacecontortedwithrageacontortedlineofreasoninge.g.Comparison:contort:Ifyoucontortsth.,orifitcontorts,ittwistsoutofitsnormalshapeandlooksstrangeorunattractive.warp:Warpcanrefertoaturningortwistingfromaflatorstraightform.DetailedReadingItalsocanimplyinfluencingsb.inawaythathasaharmfuleffectonhowtheythinkorbehave.Prejudicewarpsthejudgment.e.g.Detailedreading1–bringsth.hometosb.1bringsth.hometosb.makesb.realizesth.e.g.TheprofessordrovehometothemthattheymustfinishthewritingassignmentbyFriday.Comparison:drivesth.hometosb.,hit/strikehomedrivesth.hometosb.:makesb.realizesth.,esp.bysayingitoften,loudly,angrily,etc.e.g.Thenewsreporthasbroughthometousalltheplightoftheprisonersofwar.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–bringsth.hometosb.2e.g.Youcouldseefromhisexpressionthathersarcasticcommentshadhit/strickenhome.Comparison:hit/strikehome:(ofremarks,etc.)havetheintended(oftenpainful)effectDetailedReadingDetailedreading1--entertainentertainv.consideranidea,etc.orallowyourselftothinkthatsth.mighthappenorbetruee.g.Herefusedtoentertainourproposal.　entertainideas,doubts,etc.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–negotiate1negotiatev.getoverorpast(anobstacle,etc.)successfully;managetotravelalongadifficultroutee.g.Theonlywaytonegotiatethepathisonfoot.FrankMarianonegotiatesthedessertterraininhisbatteredpickup.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–negotiate2那攀登者得攀越一陡峭岩石。那马轻易跳过了栅栏。Practice:Theclimberhadtonegotiateasteeprockface.Thehorsenegotiatedthefencewithease.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–coocoov.speakinasoft,gentle,andlovingway,esp.whenexpressingsurprisee.g.“Howwonderfultoseeyouagain,darling,”shecooed.Thelittlegirlisalwayscooingoverthoseparrotsofhers.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–anewanewadv.(fml.)againoronemoretime,esp.inadifferentwaye.g.Thescientistsstartedtheexperimentanew.Thefilmtellsanewthestoryofherrisetostardom.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–IntheUnitedStates…IntheUnitedStateswehavebecomesohabituatedtousingthecarforeverythingthatitdoesn’toccurtoustounfurlourlegsandseewhatthoselowerlimbscando.Paraphrase:PeopleintheUnitedStatestendtodriveforbasicallyeverypurpose,somuchsothattheyhaveforgottenthattheystillhavelegsandaboutwhattheirlegscando.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–Iconfessit…Iconfessithadnotoccurredtomehowthoughtlesslydeficientnatureisinthisregard.Paraphrase:IadmitthatIhaveneverrealizedIhadbeensostupid.DetailedReadingDetailedreading1–Iwaspossibly……Iwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohaveentertainedthenotionofnegotiatingthatintersectiononfoot.Paraphrase:…Iwaslikelytobetheonlypersonwhohadeverattemptedtocrossthatintersectiononfoot.DetailedReadingConsolidationActivities-VocabularymainWordDerivationPhrasePracticeSynonym/AntonymVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammarConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice11)agreev.→agreeablea.→agreementn.VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammarIagreewithhisanalysisofthesituation.我同意他对情况的分析。Ifoundhimmostagreeable.我觉得他极易相处。Anagreementwiththeemployerswasfinallyworkedout.与雇主们的终于达成了。e.g.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice2VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar2)eccentrica./n.→eccentricityn.Theclubseemedtobefullofeccentrics.这个俱乐部里好像都是怪人。Oneofhiseccentricitiesissleepingunderthebedinsteadofonit.他的怪僻之一是睡觉睡在床底下而不睡在床上。e.g.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice3VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar3)acquaintv.→acquaintancen.→acquainteda.Thelawyeracquaintedhimselfwiththedetailsofhisclient’sbusinessaffairs.那位律师了解委托人生意上的详情。Hehasawidecircleofacquaintances.他交友甚广。AreyouacquaintedwiththeworksofShakespeare?你对莎士比亚的作品熟悉吗?e.g.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice4VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar4)ridiculev./n.→ridiculousa.Theoppositionridiculedthegovernment’sproposals,sayingtheyofferednothingnew.反对派揶揄政府的建议，把它的说成是老调重弹。Youlookridiculousinthosetightjeans.你穿上那紧身牛仔裤样子真可笑。e.g.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice5VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar5)triumphn.→triumphanta.→triumphala.Thewinningteamreturnedhomeintriumph.获胜的队奏凯而归。atriumphantcheer胜利的欢呼声atriumphalarch凯旋门e.g.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice6VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar6)deficienta.→deficiencyn.Ourknowledgeofthematterisdeficient.我们对此事了解不足。Deficiencyinvitamins/Vitamindeficiencycanleadtoillness.身体缺乏维生素就会生病。e.g.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice7VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar7)woen.→woefula.→woefullyad.Shetoldhimallherwoes.她把自己的不幸遭遇都告诉他。woefulignorance可悲的无知Thepreparationswerewoefullyinadequate.准备工作未免太不够了。e.g.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice8VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar8)contortv.→contortionn.Herfacecontorted/wascontortedwithpain.她的脸因疼痛而走了样。thecontortionsofayogaexpert瑜伽高手的柔软动作e.g.4)Ifyouadistance,youmeasureitbywalkingfromoneendofittotheother.3)Whenheopenedthelidofthebox,aclown.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.1VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar1)Shewantedtorefusehisproposal,butwasnotsurewhatwasthebestwayofit.goingabout_____________2)Thecountrywasaperiodofirreversiblechange.goingthrough_______________poppedout_____________paceoff_________Fillintheblankineachsentencewithanappropriatephrasalverborcollocationfromthetext.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.3VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammargoabout:Whenyouare“goingabout”yournormalactivities,youaredoingthem.e.g.尽管战争一触即发，人们仍像平时一样工作。Despitethethreatofwar,peoplegoabouttheirworkasusual. ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.4VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammargothrough:Ifyou“gothrough”anexperienceoraperiodoftime,especiallyanunpleasantordifficultone,youexperienceit.e.g.鉴于他经历过的种种遭遇，他的乐天达观令人惊叹。He’samazinglycheerfulconsideringallthathe’sgonethrough.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.5VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammarpopout:comeoutsuddenlye.g.我们一打开兔箱，兔子就突然跑出来了。Therabbitspoppedoutassoonasweopenedthehutch.他一看到自己赢得的东西，顿时两眼瞪得大大的。Hiseyesnearlypoppedoutofhisheadwhenhesawwhathehadwon.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.6VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammarpaceoff:measuresth.bytakingregularstepsacrossite.g.我步测出那座木桥长约100英尺。Ipacedoffthewoodenbridgeandfounditwasabout100feetlong.old,time-worn,antiqueConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym11.Wewantedtoliveinatownsmallenoughthatwecouldwalktothebusinessdistrict,andsettledonHanover,N.H.,atypicalNewEnglandtown—pleasant,sedateandcompact.Antonyms:bustling,exciting2.IthasabroadcentralgreensurroundedbythevenerablebuildingsofDartmouthCollege,anold-fashionedMainStreetandleafyresidentialneighborhoods.Synonyms:VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammarConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym23.Nearlyeveryday,Iwalktothepostofficeorlibraryorbookstore,andsometimes,ifIamfeelingparticularlydebonair,IstopatRoseyJekesCaféforacappuccino.Antonyms:depressed,downhearted,low-spirited4.Wewillgothroughthemostextraordinarycontortionstosaveourselvesfromwalking.Sometimesit’salmostludicrous.Synonyms:absurd,ridiculousVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammarConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym35.Accordingtoaconcernedandfaintlyhorrified1997editorialintheBostonGlobe,theUnitedStatesspentlessthanonepercentofitstransportationbudgetonfacilitiesforpedestrians.Antonyms:indifferent,unconcernedVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar6.Atthetime,itseemedridiculousandexasperating,butafterwardIrealizedthatIwaspossiblytheonlypersonevertohaveentertainedthenotionofnegotiatingthatintersectiononfoot.Synonyms:infuriating,irritatingConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym4VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar7.Estheticallyitwasatriumph—urbanplannerscamefromallovertocooandtakephotos—butcommerciallyitwasadisaster..Antonyms:failure,defeat8.Nowpeoplecanparkrightinfrontofthestoresagain,anddowntownLaconiathrivesanew.Synonym:againConsolidationActivities-GrammarmainVocabularyGrammarTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingPastPerfectvs.PastPerfectProgressiveshall,should,will,wouldAdverbsConsolidationActivities-Grammar1.1PastPerfectvs.PastPerfectProgressiveVocabularyGrammarTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingPastperfectWeusethepastperfecttotalkaboutapasteventorsituationthatoccurredbeforeaparticulartimeinthepast.PastperfectprogressiveWeusethepastperfectprogressivewhenwetalkaboutasituationoractivitythathappenedoveraperioduptoaparticularpasttime,oruntilshortlybeforeit.Beforehersixthbirthday,Janehadneverbeentothezoo.Example:ConsolidationActivities-Grammar1.2VocabularyGrammarTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingtheactiontakingplacebeforeacertaintimeinthepastUsesometimesinterchangeablewithpastperfectsimpleputtingemphasisonthecourseordurationofanaction1.Foryearswe(talk)aboutbuyingnewcarpets,andlastweekendwefinallywentoutandorderedsome.2.She(work)forthesamecompanybeforesheretired.3.Hefinally(work)hiswayupfromtheshopfloortoamanagementposition.4.She(apply)forjobs,withoutsuccess,sinceleavinguniversity.ConsolidationActivities-Grammar1.3Complete