Unit 1 Never Give In, Never, Never, Never综合教程四

Unit1Unit1Nevergivein,never,never,neverWatchthevideoandanswerthefollowingquestions.WhatconsequencewoulditbeiftheGermantookovertheFrenchnavy?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationTheGermanwouldcontroltheMediterranean,depriveBritainofitsaccesstotheSuezCanal,andcutofftheBritishoilsupplies,whichwouldbedisastrous.HeorderedAdmiralSomervilletobombardtheFrenchfleetintheportofOran.HewantedtoshowtheworldandinparticulartheUnitedStatesthatBritainmeanttofighton.2.WhatwasChurchill’splanifFrenchdidnotaccepthischoices?Whywouldhedoso?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationFromIntotheStormChurchill:NowthattheFrenchhavesurrendered,wemustassumethattheirnavywillsoonbeinGermanhand.Thatmustnothappen.WemustkeepcontroloftheMediterranean.WithoutaccesstotheSuezCanal,ouroilsupplieswillbecutoff,whichwouldofcoursebedisastrous.I’vetoldtheFrenchtheymustcontinuetofight,sailtheirshipstoaBritishport,orscuttletheentirefleet.Iftheyacceptnoneofthesechoices,I’veorderedAdmiralSomerville,tobombardtheFrenchfleetintheportofOran.Wehavetoshowtheworld,andinparticulartheUnitedStates,thatwemeantofighton.VideoScript1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationWorldWarII,ortheSecondWorldWar,themostwidespreadwarinhistory,lastedfrom1939to1945andinvolvedmostoftheworld’snationswhichformedtwoopposingmilitaryalliances,theAlliesandtheAxis.Culturalinformation1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationThewarbeganon1September,1939,withtheinvasionofPolandbyGermanyandSlovakia,andsubsequentdeclarationsofwaronGermanybyFranceandmostofthecountriesoftheBritishEmpireandCommonwealth.Fromlate1939toearly1941,inaseriesofcampaignsandtreaties,GermanyconqueredorsubduedmuchofcontinentalEurope.BritainandtheCommonwealthremainedtheonlymajorforcecontinuingthefightagainsttheAxisinNorthAfricaandinextensivenavalwarfare.Churchill’sspeechatHarrowaswasadaptedinthetextwasdeliveredinthishistoricalcontext.Culturalinformation2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationWinstonChurchillSirWinstonLeonardSpencer-Churchill(30November1874—24January1965)wasaBritishpoliticianandstatesmanknownforhisleadershipoftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar(WWII)andhissuccessinleadinghiscountryfromthebrinkofdefeattovictory.HeservedasPrimeMinistertwice(1940—1945and1951—1955)andiswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatwartimeleaders.Heisanotedstatesmanandorator,historian,writer,andanartist.Todate,heistheonlyBritishprimeministertohavereceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,andthefirstpersontohavebeenrecognizedasanhonorarycitizenoftheUnitedStates.Culturalinformation3AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationWinstonChurchillwasborntoanaristocraticfamily,withrenownedancestorsandapoliticianfather.Asaprolificwriter,hewroteanovel,twobiographies,threevolumesofmemoirs,andseveralhistoriesinadditiontohismanynewspaperarticles.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1953“forhisCulturalinformation4masteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratoryindefendingexaltedhumanvalues”.AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationStructuralanalysisThistextisaninspiringspeechmadebyWinstonChurchill,GreatBritain’sthenPrimeMinister,whenhevisitedHarrowSchoolon29October,1941.Thewholespeechcanbedividedintothreeparts.PartI(Paragraph1):Someopeningremarks,inwhichChurchillsummarizedtheeventsthathadhappenedsincehislastvisittoHarrow.RhetoricalfeaturesStructuralanalysisPartII(Paragraphs2—5):Thebodyofthespeech,inwhichChurchilldrewthelessonstobelearnedfromthepastyear.StructuralanalysisRhetoricalfeaturesStructuralanalysisPartIII(Paragraphs6—8):Theconcludingpart,inwhich,bychangingawordintheadditionalverseoftheschoolsong,Churchillexpressedhisconvictionthattheentirenationwasblessedwiththechancetodisplayitscouragetothefullinwhatwas,asheelsewhereputit,itsfinesthour.RhetoricalFeatures1AsarepresentativepieceoforationbythegreatoratorChurchill,thisspeechwasmadeeloquentandencouragingbyemployingmanyrhetoricaldevices.Withgenerallyshort(inlength)andsimple(instructure)sentences,themessageconveyedbythespeechwashighlightedbyconstantrepetition,e.g.“Never,Never,Never”inthetitle,andstrengthenedbytheuseofantonyms,e.g.“ups/downs”and“short/long”.RhetoricalfeaturesStructuralanalysisPractice:Findmoreexamplesofrepetitionandpairsofantonymsinthespeech.Detailedreading1DetailedreadingNEVERGIVEIN,NEVER,NEVER,NEVERWinstonChurchill1AlmostayearhaspassedsinceIcamedownhereatyourHeadMaster’skindinvitationinordertocheermyselfandcheertheheartsofafewofmyfriendsbysingingsomeofourownsongs.Thetenmonthsthathavepassedhaveseenveryterriblecatastrophiceventsintheworld—upsanddowns,misfortunes—butcananyonesittingherethisafternoon,thisOctoberafternoon,notfeeldeeplythankfulforwhathashappenedinthetimethathaspassedandfortheverygreatimprovementinthepositionofourcountryandofourhome?Why,whenIwasherelasttimewewerequitealone,desperatelyalone,andwehadbeensoforfiveDetailedreading2Detailedreadingorsixmonths.Wewerepoorlyarmed.Wearenotsopoorlyarmedtoday;butthenwewereverypoorlyarmed.Wehadtheunmeasuredmenaceoftheenemyandtheirairattackstillbeatinguponus,andyouyourselveshadhadexperienceofthisattack;andIexpectyouarebeginningtofeelimpatientthattherehasbeenthislonglullwithnothingparticularturningup!2Butwemustlearntobeequallygoodatwhatisshortandsharpandwhatislongandtough.ItisgenerallysaidthattheBritishareoftenbetteratthelast.Theydonotexpecttomovefromcrisistocrisis;theydonotalwaysexpectthateachdaywillbringupsomenoblechanceofwar;butwhentheyveryslowlymakeuptheirmindsthatthethinghastobedoneandthejobputthroughandfinished,then,evenifittakesmonths—ifittakesyears—theydoit.Detailedreading3-43AnotherlessonIthinkwemaytake,justthrowingourmindsbacktoourmeetingheretenmonthsagoandnow,isthatappearancesareoftenverydeceptive,andasKiplingwellsays,wemust“…meetwithTriumphandDisaster.Andtreatthosetwoimpostorsjustthesame.”4Youcannottellfromappearanceshowthingswillgo.Sometimesimaginationmakesthingsoutfarworsethantheyare;yetwithoutimaginationnotmuchcanbedone.Thosepeoplewhoareimaginativeseemanymoredangersthanperhapsexist;certainlymanymorewillhappen;butthentheymustalsopraytobegiventhatextracouragetocarrythisfar-reachingimagination.Butforeveryone,surely,whatwehavegonethroughinthisperiod—IamaddressingDetailedreadingDetailedreading4myselftotheschool—surelyfromthisperiodoftenmonthsthisisthelesson:nevergivein,nevergivein,never,never,never,never—innothing,greatorsmall,largeorpetty—nevergiveinexcepttoconvictionsofhonourandgoodsense.Neveryieldtoforce;neveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingmightoftheenemy.Westoodallaloneayearago,andtomanycountriesitseemedthatouraccountwasclosed,wewerefinished.Allthistraditionofours,oursongs,ourschoolhistory,thispartofthehistoryofthiscountry,weregoneandfinishedandliquidated.DetailedreadingDetailedreading5-6Verydifferentisthemoodtoday.Britain,othernationsthought,haddrawnaspongeacrossherslate.Butinsteadourcountrystoodinthegap.Therewasnoflinchingandnothoughtofgivingin;andbywhatseemedalmostamiracletothoseoutsidetheseislands,thoughweourselvesneverdoubtedit,wenowfindourselvesinapositionwhereIsaythatwecanbesurethatwehaveonlytoperseveretoconquer.Yousanghereaverseofaschoolsong:yousangthatextraversewritteninmyhonour,whichIwasverygreatlycomplimentedbyandwhichyouhaverepeatedtoday.ButthereisonewordinitIwanttoalter—Iwantedtodosolastyear,butIdidnotventureto.Itistheline:“Notlesswepraiseindarkerdays.”DetailedreadingDetailedreading7-87IhaveobtainedtheHeadMaster’spermissiontoalterdarkertosterner.“Notlesswepraiseinsternerdays.”8Donotletusspeakofdarkerdays:letusspeakratherofsternerdays.Thesearenotdarkdays;thesearegreatdays—thegreatestdaysourcountryhaseverlived;andwemustallthankGodthatwehavebeenallowed,eachofusaccordingtoourstations,toplayapartinmakingthesedaysmemorableinthehistoryofourrace.DetailedreadingWhatwasthedifferencebetweenthepresentsituationandthesituationwhenChurchillcametoHarrowSchooltenmonthsago?(Paragraph1)Detailedreading1--QuesionTenmonthsago,Britainwaspoorlyarmed,fightingalone,andfacedwithunmeasuredmenaceoftheenemy.Now,Britainwasnotthatpoorlyarmed,andthesituationwasimproving.DetailedreadingWhatdidChurchillmeanbysaying“wemustlearntobeequallygoodatwhatisshortandsharpandwhatislongandtough”?(Paragraph2)Detailedreading2--QuesionBysayingthishemeanttomakehisaudiencefullyawarethattheyshouldnotonlybeabletofightandwinshortandquickbattlesbutalsobereadytofightandwinhardandenduringwars.DetailedreadingWhatlessonhadtheylearnt?(Paragraphs3—4)Detailedreading3-4--QuesionThelessonlearntthroughoutthepasttenmonthswasthatoneshouldnotbedeceivedbyappearancesandshouldnevergiveintotheapparentlyoverwhelmingmightoftheenemy.Withacombinationofimaginationandcourage,theBritishpeoplecouldovercomeanykindofdifficultiesandsmashanyattackoftheenemy.DetailedreadingWhydidChurchillreplacetheworddarkerwithsterner?(Paragraphs7—8)Detailedreading7-8--QuesionBecausehehadastrongconvictionofvictory.Theworddarkercarriesapessimistictone,foritusuallyindicates“aperiodofunpleasantandfrighteningtime”andimplieshopelessnessinadifficultperiod.Butthewordsterner,althoughithastheidenticalreferent,suggestsatimethatistesting,buttestinginawaythatofferstheBritishtheopportunitytodisplaytheircouragetothefull.DetailedreadingDetailedreading8–ActivityGroupdiscussionsTopicA:HowdoesthespeakerChurchillimpressyouinthespeech?DoesitcontributetoyourunderstandingoftheWWII?TopicB:HaveyoulearnedanythingfromChurchill’sorationaboutmakingapowerfulspeech?DetailedreadingatyourHeadMaster’skindinvitationat:inresponsetoDetailedreading1–atyourHeadMaster’skindinvitation1e.g.Ameetingwasarrangedattheambassador’srequest.Atmysuggestion,Mrs.Careywrotetoherformeremployer.Collocations:atone’sinvitation/request/suggestion,etc.DetailedreadingTranslation:应胡锦涛主席之邀，美国总统将对中国进行国事访问。AttheinvitationofPresidentHuJintao,PresidentoftheUnitedStateswillpayastatevisittoChina.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________catastrophic:a.involvingorcausingsuddengreatdamageorsufferingDetailedreading1–catastrophicSynonym:disastrousDetailedreadingCollocations:catastrophicfloods/losses/effects/resultsDerivation:catastrophen.Detailedreading1--upsanddownsupsanddowns:amixtureofgoodthingsandbadthingse.g.Sittingbesidethewindow,herecalledtheupsanddownsofhisparenthood.DetailedreadingTranslation:从1999年建立以来，公司历经盛衰浮沉。Theorganizationhasexperienceditsupsanddownssinceitwasfoundedin1999.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Detailedreading1--positionposition:situationataparticulartimeSynonym:situationDetailedreadinge.g.Itistimethosecompaniesrevealedmoreabouttheirfinancialposition.Theirsoccerteamisgoingtobeinaverydifficultpositionifnothingparticularshowsup.Detailedreading2--throwingourthrowingourmindsbacktoourmeetingheretenmonthsago:recollectingourmeetingatHarrowSchooltenmonthsagoe.g.Pleasethrowyourmindbackto1945,whenpeopleallovertheworldwereengagedinagreatwaragainsttheFascists.DetailedreadingDetailedreading3--meetwithmeetwith:experience;undergoDetailedreadinge.g.Attemptstofindcivilianvolunteershavemetwithembarrassingfailure.EffortstoputtheRussianspaceprogrammeintomarkethavemetwithlittlesuccess.Shewasworriedthathemighthavemetwithanaccident.Detailedreading3--imagination...imaginationmakesthingsoutfarworse...:...whatoneimaginestendstobeworsethanreality...e.g.Howdoyoumakethatout(=whatareyourreasonsforthinkingthat)?[+wh-]Ican’tmakeoutwhatshewants.Detailedreadingmakeout:seeorunderstandParaphrase:Ican’tmakeouthowtoputitback.Idon’tknow/understandhowtoputitback.______________________________________Detailedreading3--far-reachingfar-reaching:a.havingimportantandwidelyapplicableeffectsorimplicationse.g.Theconsequencesofthedecisionwillbefar-reaching.Theydecidedtocarryonfar-reachingconstitutionalreforms.Collocations:far-reachingconsequences/implications/changes/reformsDetailedreadingconviction:n.Detailedreading5–convictione.g.Shewasmotivatedbydeepreligiousconvictions.Infaceofdifficulty,heheldaconvictionthatallwouldbewellintheend.Detailedreading(1)astrongopinionorbelief(2)[U]thefeelingorappearanceofbelievingsth.stronglyorofbeingsureaboutite.g.Hesaidheagreedbuthisvoicelackedconviction.Theleader’sspeechindefenseofthepolicydidn’tcarrymuchconviction.Collocations:political/moralconvictionsnevergiveinorsurrendertotheseeminglystrongenemyneveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingmightoftheenemy_________________________________________________Detailedreading5–yieldDetailedreadingyield:v.yield(tosth./sb.):(formalorliterary)giveupcontrol(of)e.g.Afteralongsiege,thetownwasforcedtoyield.Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.Ifthenewlyfoundedregimedoesnotyield,itshouldfacesufficientmilitaryforcetoensureitscertaindefeat.Iyieldedtotemptationandhadachocolatebar.Synonym:surrenderParaphrase:Detailedreading5–overwhelmingTheevidenceagainsthimwasoverwhelming.Shehadthealmostoverwhelmingdesiretotellhimthetruth.e.g.Detailedreadingoverwhelming:a.verygreatinamountDerivation:overwhelm:v.defeatormakepowerless(usu.agroupofpeople)bymuchgreaterforceofnumbers;e.g.tooverwhelmtheopposingarmyTranslation:压倒性的大多数表决反对这个提议。Anoverwhelmingmajorityvotedagainsttheproposal._____________________________________________________________Detailedreading6–persevereDetailedreadingpersevere:v.continueinacourseofactioneveninthefaceofdifficultyorwithlittleornoindicationofsuccessCollocations:persevere(insth./indoingsth.);persevere(withsth./sb.)Despiteanumberofsetbacks,theyperseveredintheirattemptstoflyaroundtheworldinaballoon.Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons.e.g.Derivations:perseveringa.;perseverancen.Detailedreading7–compliment1compliment:v.politelycongratulateorpraise(sb.)forsth.e.g.ShecomplimentedhimonhisexcellentGerman.DetailedreadingCollocation:complimentsb.(onsth.)Thesewordshavesimilarspellingsbutcompletelydifferentmeanings.Ifyoucomplimentsomeone,yousaysomethingverynicetothem.Ifonethingcomplementsanother,thetwothingsworkorlookbetterbecausetheyaretogether.Comparison:compliment&complementDetailedreading7–compliment2A.Thedifferentflavorseachotherperfectly.B.ShemeonmyEnglish.complement______________Detailedreadingcomplimented________________Blankfilling:Detailedreading8–venturetodosthCollocations:venturesth.;venturetodosth.;venture+speech;venturethat…Detailedreadingventuretodosth.:bebraveenoughtosaysth.e.g.Shehardlydaredtoventureanopinion.Shewouldneverventuretoaskforaraise.“AndifIsayno?”sheventured.Translation:我小心翼翼地说她可能犯了个错误。Iventuredtosuggestthatshemighthavemadeamistake.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________Detailedreading1–…youarebeginning……youarebeginningtofeelimpatientthattherehasbeenthislonglull…(Paragraph1)Paraphrase:Youarebeginningtobeanxiousbecausetherehasbeennoprogressofthewarinsuchalongquietperiod.DetailedreadingDetailedreading3–…appearances……appearancesareoftenverydeceptive…(Paragraph3)Paraphrase:Surfacephenomenatendtobemisleading.DetailedreadingDetailedreading3–…butthen……butthentheymustalsopraytobegiventhatextracouragetocarrythisfar-reachingimagination.(Paragraph4)Paraphrase:Theywishtobeequippedwithexcessivecouragetoaccomplishorrealizethiseffectiveandinfluentialblueprint.DetailedreadingDetailedreading10–...ouraccount…...ouraccountwasclosed...(Paragraph4)Rhetoricaldeviceandexplanation:Heretheauthorusesametaphorof“opening/closingabankaccount”tomeanthatBritainisregardedbymanyasdoomedandcompletelydefeatedbytheenemy.Theword“liquidated”inthenextsentenceimpliesthesame.Originally,itmeanstocloseabusinessandselleverythingitowns,usuallyinordertopaymoneythatisowed.DetailedreadingDetailedreading11–Britainother…Britain,othernationsthought,haddrawnaspongeacrossherslate.Butinsteadourcountrystoodinthegap.(Paragraph5)Explanation:Thissentenceusesmetaphorforrhetoricaleffects.Itmeansthat,althoughitwasbelievedourcountryhadbeenvirtuallywipedout,wewereinfactstillholdingoutandshoulderedtheresponsibilityinisolation.drawaspongeacrossherslate:ametaphor,meaningtocompletelywipeoutstandinthegap:toexposeone’sselffortheprotectionofsth.,taketheplaceofafallendefenderDetailedreadingAtthecriticalmomentofworldeconomicrecession,apowerfulgovernmentisneededtostandinthegap.e.g.Detailedreading11–wehaveonly…...wehaveonlytoperseveretoconquer.(Paragraph5)Paraphrase:Wehavenochoicebuttoholdonuntilvictorycomes.DetailedreadingTranslation:我们别无选择，只有坚持不懈，直到胜利。ConsolidationActivities-VocabularymainPhrasepracticeWordderivationSynonym/AntonymVocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesWritingGrammarConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice11)Shewouldn’twanttothemthesufferingofahugeceremony.VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammarput2)Thefamousoratorthepublictopromotehisnewlypublishedbook.addressedhimselfto_______________________3)Atthattime,SouthAfricaaperiodofbigeventsastheBlacksfoughtforequality.wasgoingthrough____________________through_____________WritingFillintheblank(s)ineachsentencewithawordorphrasefromthetextinitsappropriateform.ConsolidationActivities-putsb.throughsth.VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammare.g.你最近让你的家人受了不少苦。Youhaveputyourfamilythroughalotrecently.putsb.throughsth.:makesb.experiencesth.verydifficultorunpleasantWritingConsolidationActivities-addressoneselftoVocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammare.g.我们必须要致力于解决交通污染问。Wemustaddressourselvestotheproblemoftrafficpollution.addressoneselfto:(formal)thinkaboutaproblemorasituationanddecidehowyouaregoingtodealwithitWritingConsolidationActivities-gothroughVocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammare.g.我钦佩她经历了那么多苦难以后，依然这样开朗快乐。Iadmirethewayshe’sstillsocheerfulafterallshe’sgonethrough.gothrough:experienceorsuffersth.WritingConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.1VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammar1)catastrophen.→catastrophica.→catastrophicallyad.e.g.那场地震是个大灾难，夺去了许多人的生命。战争的灾难性后果很快显现出来。关键时刻，预警系统灾难性地崩溃了。Theearthquakewasamajorcatastrophe,causingheavylossoflife.Thecatastrophicconsequencesofthewarsoonunfolded.TheWarningSystemcatastrophicallycollapsedatthatcriticalmoment.WritingConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.2VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammar2)deceivev.→deceptivea.→deceptivelyad.→deceptionn.e.g.他们骗她在文件上签了字。外表往往是靠不住的。房子从外面看起来很小（实际上很大）。他通过欺骗手段获取了那份资产。Theydeceivedherintosigningthepaper.Appearancescanoftenbedeceptive.Thehouselooksdeceptivelysmallfromtheoutside.Heobtainedthatpropertybydeception.WritingConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.3VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammar3)convictv.→convictionn.e.g.他被判犯有谋杀罪。她是一个道德信念坚定的女子。Hewasconvictedofmurder.Sheisawomanofstrongmoralconvictions.WritingConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.4VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammar4)apparenta.→apparentlyad.e.g.今年的利润表面上有所增加，是因为出售了公司的一部分财产。看来他们要提高电费了。Theapparentimprovementinthisyear’sprofitsisduetothesellingoffofsomeofthecompany’sproperty.Apparently,theyareintendingtoputupthepriceofelectricity.WritingConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.5VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammar5)perseverev.→perseveringa.→perseverancen.e.g.如果你把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。玛丽是一位锲而不舍的学生。他学得慢，但面对困难却表现出坚忍不拔的毅力。Ifyouperseverewithyourwork,youwillsucceedintheend.Maryisaperseveringstudent.Heisslowtolearn,butshowsgreatperseveranceinthefaceofdifficulty.WritingConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.6VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammar6)desperatea.→desperatelyad.→desperationn.e.g.国家正遭受严重的食物短缺。因为缺乏食物，他病得奄奄一息。他不顾一切地拼命踢门，企图逃出去。Thecountryissufferingfromadesperateshortageoffood.Duetothelackoffood,hebecamedesperatelyill.Indesperation,hekickedatthedoor,hopingtoescape.WritingConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.7VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammar7)flinchv.→flinchinga.Ant.unflinchinga.→unflinchinglyad.e.g.看到血，他畏缩了。在最艰难的时期，她忠贞不移地陪伴着他。他毫不畏惧地直面我的注视。Heflinchedatthesightofblood.Inthehardesttime,sheaccompaniedhimwithunflinchingloyalty.Hemetmygazeunflinchingly.WritingConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.8VocabularyTranslationIntegratedskillsOralactivitiesGrammar8)couragen.→courageousa.→encouragev.→encouraginga.e.g.她听到这个坏消息时，表现出了非凡的勇气。你坦白承认自己的错误，真是勇敢。你应该