Unit 6 Knowledge and Wisdomppt课件

KnowledgeandWisdom*BertrandRussell 1950年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖，已彰其“多样且重要的作品，持续不断的追求人道主义理想和思想自由。” In1950,RussellwasmadeaNobelLaureateinLiterature,“inrecognitionofhisvariedandsignificantwritingsinwhichhechampionshumanitarianidealsandfreedomofthought.”*BertrandRussell Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:theloningforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind. 三种既简单又极为强烈的激情一直支配着我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的追求和对人类苦难不堪忍受的悲哀。---BertrandRussell*ProverbsaboutKnowledgeandWisdom Knowledgespeaks,butwisdomlistens. Knowledgeinyouthiswisdominage. Wisdomisonlyfoundintruth. Wisdominthemindisbetterthanmoneyinthehand./Wisdomismoretobeenviedthanriches. Pre-readingQuestion:Howdoyoudefinewisdom,knowledgeandtheirrelationshipinyourlife?*KnowledgeandWisdom---MarieStaniforth chap [tʃæp]n.小伙子，男人，家伙 nurseryrhyme:poemorsongforyoungchildren儿歌;童谣 daft [dæft]adj.愚笨的,癫狂的,狂闹的 respectable a.可敬的；有身价的*“Isaidknowledgeisknowingthatatomatoisafruit,andwisdomisknowingnottoputitinafruitsalad.”*SpiritualWisdom---SriChinmoy "Whatdowemeanbytheword'wisdom'?Usuallywemeansomethingsuperiortoknowledge,somethingdeeper.Inthespiritualworld,theword'wisdom'isnotusedinthatway.HerewisdommeansLight,illuminingLight,transformingLight.Thatwhichilluminesourunlitconsciousnessiswisdom.ThatwhichtransformsthefiniteconsciousnessintotheinfiniteConsciousnessiscalledwisdom."*StructuralAnalysis Part1(Para1)-introducethetopic Part2(Para2-5)–themainbody4factorsthatconsititutewisdom:1.senseofproportion2.theendsofhumanlife3.open-mindedness4.impartiality*WordAnalysis proportion:(TEM-4) comparativepartorshareofawhole;fractioneg.alarge~oftheearth’ssurfaceThe~ofthepopulationstillspeakingthedialectisverysmall. ~(ofsthtosth)relationofonethingtoanotherinquantity,size,etc;ratioeg.The~ofimportstoexportsisworryingthegovernment.the~ofpassestofailuresinthefinalexam*WordAnalysis proportion:(TEM-4) correctoridealrelationinsize,degree,etcbetweenonethingandanotherorbetweenthepartsofawhole:in~/outof~eg.thetwowindowsareinadmirable~.proportional:correspondinginsize,amountordegree(tosth);incorrect~*WordAnalysis E-CAfixed~ofthefundisinvestedinBritishfirms.Whatisthe~ofmentowomeninthepopulation.Trytodrawthefiguresintheforegroundin~. C-E他的薪金与工作量成比例，但与花费的时间不成比例。Hispaymentisin~to/proportionaltothe(amountof)workdone,butnotin~to/proportionaltothetimetakentoit.*WordAnalysis end:n. aimorpurposegain/win/achieveone’sends达到目的withthisendinview/tothisend以此为目标/未达到此目的 (saying)theendjustifiesthemeans:evenwrongorunfairmethodsmaybeallowediftheresultorpurposeoftheactionisgood.只要目的正当，可以不择手段。*WordAnalysis impartial:adj.notfavoringonepersonorthingmorethananother;fairorneutraleg.an~judge,judgmentimpartiality:n.eg.Theyshowedcomplete~indiscussingthesesensitiveissues.impartially:adv.treatprisoners~*WordAnalysis partial:(TEM4)adj. oforformingapart;notcompleteeg.a~success/a~eclipseofsun ~(towardssb/sth)showingtoomuchfavortoonepersonorside;biasedeg.Therefereewasaccusedofbeing~ ~sb/sth:havingastronglikingforsb/stheg.He’s~toaglassofbrandyafterdinner.*TextAnalysis*Part1Whatisthecommonlyacceptedintermsofknowledgeandwisdom?Mostpeoplebelievethatknowledgeisnotequaltowisdomashistoryhassuggestedthattheacquisitionofknowledgedoesnotnecessarilyleadtotheincreaseofwisdom.*LanguagePointsinPart1 surpass:(fml)vt. beevenbetterorgreaterthansb.orsth.else.eg.Asthesayinggoes,thelatecomers~theearlystarter.~expectations/hopes/dreams surpassing:a.(fml) ofhighqualityordegree;exceptionaleg.~beauty*LanguagePointsinPart1 surpass C-E你今天特别行！我万万没想到风景那么漂亮。~yourself~expectation*LanguagePointsinPart1 cease:vi.tostopdoingsomething；n. Therainhasceased. Withoutcease cease-fireWonderswillnevercease.(Proverb)*Part2-Para2Skimandscanparagraph2andjudgethefollowingstatementtrue/false:Ithasbecomemoreandmoredifficultforscientistsandtechnicianstoobtainasenseofproportion.*LanguagePointsinPara2 Takeaccountof=takesomethingintoaccount Hisexamresultswerenotverygood,butwemust~hislongillness.他的考试成绩不好，但是我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。*LanguagePointsinPara2 Theteacherspromisedtotakeaccountofthewishesoftheparentsbeforemakinganychanges.教师们答应在做出变更之前要考虑家长的愿望。*LanguagePointsinPara2 Attachto1）Tocausetobelongtoforalimitedperiod使参加，使属于DuringthewarIwasattachedtothenavalcollegeasaninstructor.*LanguagePointsinPara2 战争期间我被分配到海军军事学院当教官。Igotlost,soIattachedmyselftoanotherpartyoftourists.我由于迷了路，所以只好加入另一个旅行团。* Whatdoes"senseofproportion"mean?* Thewriterexplainswhat"senseofproportion"means-theabilitytotakeaccountofalltheimportanfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Inotherwords,itreferstotheabiliytojudgecorrectlywhatfacorsareofmoreimportanceandwhatareoflessimportance.Inthearticle,"comprehesiveness"isalsousedtorefertothisability.* OftheseIshouldfirstputasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Explaintheunderlinedpartinyourownwordsplease.* consider(whenjudgingasituation)/takeintoconsideration.givepropervaluetoeach/attachadequateimportancetoeach.*LanguagePointsinPara2 due:a.(TEM4)(作表语) ~(tosb):owedasadebtoranobligation ~（forsth）:owedsth;deservingsth ~todosth:scheduled;arranged;expected requiringimmediatepayment(作定语) suitable;right;propereg.after~consideration*LanguagePointsinPara2 due:a.(TEM4)E-C Sheis~forpromotionsoon. Havetheybeenpaidthemoney~tothem. Myrentisn’tduetillWednesday. Hisisbookis~tobepublishedinOctober.*LanguagePointsinPara2 dueto/owingtoHewaslate__________theveryheavytraffic.Accidents___________drivingathighspeedwereverycommonthatweekend._________therain,thematchwascancelled.*LanguagePointsinPara2 spectacular:(TEM4)adj.(syn)magnificent,brilliantmakingaveryfinedisplayorshoweg.a~displayoffireworks/a~waterfall/scene/sight/view/building(attractingattentionbecause)impressiveorextraordinaryeg.~success/miracles/sound*LanguagePointsinPara2 spectacular:(TEM4)n.impressiveshow/performance,spectacle spectacle:n.-granddisplay,procession,performanceeg.TheceremonialopeningoftheAsianGameswasafine~.-impressive,remarkableorinterestingsighteg.Thesunriseseenfromhighinthemountainswasatremendous~.(idm)makea~ofoneself*LanguagePointsinPara2 disinterestedVSuninterestedComparethemeaningof“interested”: Iamvery~inlocalhistory. Thelawyerinvitedthe~partiestodiscusstheproblem.disinterested/uninterested Sheseemedcompletely_____inwhatIhadtotellheraboutmynewjob. Infinancialmatters,itisimportanttoget______advice.*Part2-Para3Skimandscanparagraph2andjudgethefollowingstatementtrue/false:Historiansshouldbeimpartialandavoidbeingaffectedbytheirsentiment.*Part2-Para3RefertoPara3.HereHegal’sexampletellsusthathistoriansshouldviewfactsthroughtherightmeansofpassionsaswellasawidescopeofknowledge.*Part2-Para3Accordingtothewriter,howarefeelingsrelatedtowisdom?(theauthorgivesusanexampletoillustratethis)*Part2-Para3 Ifoneharborsnarrowfeelings,hisresearchandstudycouldbeharmfultothesociety.Theresearchcouldbedoneintheinterestofasmallgroup;theresultofhisstudycouldbebiased.Soknowledgeableasheis,heisnotawiseman.*Part2-Para3 Toimplantwisdom,oneisrequiredtomakeeffortstorestrainthenarrowpersonalfeelingsandhaveamoreextensivepassionforhumanlife. Thisiswhywisdomconsistsnotonlyoftheabilityofjudgingwhatismostimportantbutalsoofanawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlife.*LanguagePointsinPara3 constitute:-toformormakeup(fml)不用于进行时eg.The50statesthatconstitutetheUSA组成美国的50个州Yourattitudeconstitutesadirectchallengetomyauthority.你的态度成了对我权威的直接挑战。*LanguagePointsinPara3 constitute:-toformallyestablishorappoint制定,设立eg.Governmentshouldbeconstitutedbythewillofthepeople.政府应依人民的意志而设立*LanguagePointsinPara3 eminent(TEM4):a.-famousandadmiredeg.Eventhemosteminentdoctorscouldnotcurehim.甚至是最杰出的医生都治不好他的病。Heiseminentasasculptorandasaportraitpainter.他既是接触的雕刻家又是著名的肖像画家。*LanguagePointsinPara3 eminent(TEM4):a.-（ofqualities）remarkable;outstandingeg.amanof~goodness*LanguagePointsinPara3 eminent,distinguished,outstandingOutstanding指“优秀”，可指与周围事物截然不同的特征；Distinguished强调得到公认或礼遇的殊荣；Eminent语气最强烈，比较严肃，指一种固定的，受人尊敬的价值或品质，也指那些最受人尊崇的某一阶层人士。*LanguagePointsinPara3 eminent,distinguished,outstandingHelosthiswaybecausetherewasno___________landmark.The_____________scientistrecentlywontheNobelPrize.Hisismanof__________fairness.*LanguagePointsinPara3 distort(TEM4):v.(distortionn.) giveafalseordishonestaccountofeg.Thegovernmentwereaccusedofhavingsystematicallydistortedtheprotesters’case. pullortwist(sth)outofitsusualshapeeg.afacedistortedbypain Make(sth)lookunusualeg.adistortingmirrorTheannouncementwassodistortedthatIcouldn’tunderstandwhatwassaid.*LanguagePointsinPara3 inculcate(fml) Fixtheideainthemindofsb.反复灌输~sth(in/intosb);~sbwithsthC-Eeg.Theyinculcatethewilltosucceedinalltheirchildren.Theyinculcatealltheirchildrenwiththewilltosucceed.他们向子女反复灌输立志成功的决心。*LanguagePointsinPara3 standard-bearer:anoutstandingleaderofapoliticalmovementeg.Oneofthestandard-bearersoftheanti-nuclearmovement.反核运动的领导者之一。*LanguagePointsinPara3 bynomeans-innosense;certainlynot并没有；绝不：eg.Thisremarkbynomeansshouldbetakenlightly.这次讲话绝不能等闲视之.*Part2-Para4Skimandscanparagraph4andjudgethefollowingstatementtrue/false:Anationalistextremistisnotwise.*Part2-Para4RefertoPara4Anationalistextremistholdsanunjustifiedprejudiceagainstotherpeople,whichsignifiesalackofwisdom.*Part2-Para4RefertoPara4Anationalistextremistholdsanunjustifiedprejudiceagainstotherpeople,whichsignifiesalackofwisdom.*LanguagepointsinPara4 emancipation(TEM4):n. emancipate:v.~sb(fromsth) setsbfree,espfrompolitical,legalorsocialrestrictioneg.~slavesWomenarestillstrugglingtobefullyemancipated.*LanguagepointsinPara4 attain-togainorachieveafterlongeffort达到，获得Sheattainedrankofdeputydirector.她晋升为副局长。attainone’sobjective/goal/ambition attainable*LanguagepointsinPara4 attainment:n.-successinreachingTheattainmentofherambitionswasstilladream.-thingattained,espskillorknowledgeascholarofthehighestattainments* Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement. Explainthesentenceinyourownwordsplease.* Itwouldbeunwisetopursueagoalthatisboundtofailthoughitmightbenobletodoso. attainable:cacapableofbeingattainedoraccomplished;"chooseanattainablegoal"; inherent:inthenatureofsomethingthoughnotreadilyapparent*LanguagepointsinPara4 elixir:n. asubstancebelievedtocureallillsE-Ceg.Don’timaginethatlowinginflationisanelixirforalloureconomicills.不要以为减少通货膨胀率就是医治我们所有的经济弊端的灵丹妙药。*LanguagepointsinPara4 confer:1)~withsbon/aboutsthhavediscussion(espinordertoexchangeopinionsorgetadvice)C-Eeg.Sheconferwithheradvisersaboutbothprivateandbusinessissuesbeforeannouncingadecision.她先去请教顾问然后再来宣布私人问或生意问题方面的决定。*LanguagepointsinPara4 confer:2)~sthonsbtoofficiallygivesb.atitle,honor,favor,etc,especiallyasarewardforsomethingtheyhaveachieved.granteg.AnhonorarydegreewasconferredonhimbytheUniversity.* Nodoubt,iftheycouldhavefoundthem,theywouldhaveconferredgreatbenefitsuponmankind,butasitwastheirliveswerewasted. Explaintheunderlinedpartplease.* Certainly/Veryprobably broughtagoodandhelpfuleffecttomankind. inreality/inactualsituation* asitwasVS.asitisVS.asitwere Ithoughtthingswouldgetbetter,butasitis,theyaregettingworse. Weexpectedtoarriveat6:30p.m.,butasitwas,wearrivedat6:40p.m. Hebecomes,asitwere,amanwithoutacountry.* asitwere表示，asitusedtobe,在任何情况下，比如句子前半部分无论主语是单数是负数或者无论时态怎么样，此处一律写成asitwereeg.Theresponsibilityofprotectingtheenvironmentis,asitwere,witheverybody.Theguestssittingonthattablewere,asitwere,Mr.andMrs.Smiths.* Todescendtolessheroicmatters,considerthecaseoftwomen,Mr.AandMr.B,whohateeachotherand,throughmatualhatred,bringeachothertodestruction. Explaintheunderlinedpartplease.* talk(disapprovingly)aboutsomethinglessworthyorlessimportant. destroyorruineachother heroic:veryimposingorimpressive;surpassingtheordinary(especiallyinsizeorscale);* descend:（TEM4） 1）（fml）movedownwardorlower eg.Theballoondescendedgraduallyastheaircameout. 2)(fml)(ofnight,darkness)fall eg.Nightdescendsquicklyinwinter. descendto:doorsaysththatismeanandunworthy* Vice:(TEM4) -badnessofcharacter(性格上的)缺陷，弱点，邪恶) Wouldyoulikeawhisky? No,thanks;alcoholisn’toneofmyvices. 我没贪杯这个习惯 SevendeadlysinsVSSevenHolyVirtues* instill:toteachsb.tothink,behave,orfeelinaparticularwayoveraperiodoftime逐渐灌输，逐步培养eg.instillconfidence/fear/disciplineetcintosb*C-E Amanager’sjobistoinstilldeterminationintohisplayers.经理人的工作就是逐渐培养组员们的信心。 Weinstilledtheneedfordisciplineandobedienceintothenewrecruits.我们逐渐使新兵懂得遵守纪律和服从命令的必要性。*Part2-Para5RefertoPara5Judgewhetherthestatementtrue/false:Tobewisemeanstogetridofthephysicalrestraintentirelyandascendtothespiritualworld.* Themistakeliesintheextremityofthestatement.AccordingtoRussell,mancannotfreehimselfentirelyfromthephysicalandemotionalneed,soonecanonlygrowinwisdom,whichitselfisamatterofdegree.* beboundupwith:beintimatelyinvolvedin,dependenton eg.Thesurvivalofthesecreaturesisintimatelyboundupwiththehealthoftheocean.* Whatdoes"convincingeachthattheotherhasonlythenormalshareofhumanwickedness"suggest? Thissuggeststhatallhumansarewickedtosomeextent. * descend:（TEM4） 1）（fml）movedownwardorlower eg.Theballoondescendedgraduallyastheaircameout. 2)(fml)(ofnight,darkness)fall eg.Nightdescendsquicklyinwinter. descendto:doorsaysththatismeanandunworthy* Whatdoes"Thisisofcourseamatterofdegree."mean?* descend:（TEM4） 1）（fml）movedownwardorlower eg.Theballoondescendedgraduallyastheaircameout. 2)(fml)(ofnight,darkness)fall eg.Nightdescendsquicklyinwinter. descendto:doorsaysththatismeanandunworthy* Thewritersuggeststhatpeoplecannotavoidbeingpartial.Thedifferencebetweenawisemanandanunwisemanistheformerhaslesserdegreeofpartiality,asonebecomesmoreimpartial,hiswisdomgrows.* What,accordingtoRussell,istheessenceofwisdom?Andhowcanoneacquiretheveryessence?* AccordingtoRussell,theessenceofwisdomliesinimpartiality,theabilitytodefythephysicalworld.Russellbelievestheprocessofgrowingwiseisthatoftearingoneselfawayfromthephysicalandemotionalworldsandmovingintoahigherstage,thespiritualworld.*intellectualVSintelligent Intellectual:a.oforbelongingtotheintellecta.of,interestedinorabletodealwiththingsofthemind(egthearts,ideasfortheirownsake)n.apersonwhoiswellinformedandintelligent* intellectualVSintelligent Intelligent: havingorshowingintelligence*desirableVSdesirous desirable:worthhaving;tobewishedforeg.a~solution desirous:(fml/rhet)~ofsth/doingsth/thateg.~ofpeace~ofrestoringrelationsbetweenourtwonations* undesirable:1)likelytocausetrouble/inconvenience;unwantedeg.Thedrughasno~effects.2)(ofaperson,hishabits,etc)ofakindnottobewelcomedinsociety,objectiveeg.Sheisamost~influence.*Keystoexercises:Vocabularyexercises:Ⅰ1.helptocultivateorfoster2.consider(whenjudgingasituation)/takeintoconsideration,givepropervaluetoeach/attachadequateimportancetoeach*Keystoexercises:Vocabularyexercises:3.Certainly/Veryprobablybroughtagoodandhelpfuleffecttomankind4.talk(disapprovingly)aboutsthlessworthyorlessimportantdestroyorruineachother*Keystoexercises:Vocabularyexercises:5.connectedwith/dependenton6.accordinglyⅡ1.pursue2ceased3.attainable4enmity5.populous6surpassed7.impartial8appallingly*VocabularyExercisesⅢ1.A.intellectualB.intelligentC.intelligentD.intellectual2.A.uninterestedB.disinterested3.A.continuousB.continual4.A.unaffectedB.Disaffected*VocabularyExercisesⅢ5.A.ByallmeansB.bynomeans6.A.forgetfulB.forgettableⅣ1.beneficiaries2.undesirable3.horizontally4.descendants5.increasingly6.philosophical*VocabularyExercisesⅤ1.contracted2.keepquiet3.investigate4.treat5.go6.lostconsciousness* more(…)than;nomore(…)than,not…anymorethanmore(…)than:1)可以用于形容词和副词前以加强语气，意为“极其”、“非常”eg.Youwouldbemorethanwelcome.Theyweremorethangladtohelp.* more(…)than;nomore(…)than,not…anymorethanmore(…)than:2)可以用于名词前，意为“不仅仅（是）”、“不只（是）”eg.Shewasmuchmorethanafriendtome.* more(…)than;nomore(…)than,not…anymorethanmore(…)than:3)可以用于动词前作状语，意为“不仅”、“不但”eg.Imorethansawit,Ifeltittoo!* more(…)than;nomore(…)than,not…anymorethanmore(…)than:4)可以连接两个形容词或名词，相当于ratherthaneg.Thelittlegirlismoreshythanstupid.Thisismoreawarmoviethanawestern.* more(…)than;nomore(…)than,not…anymorethannomore(…)than:可以用于名词短语前，意思是“仅仅”、“只不过”eg.Heisnomorethanaworker/citizen.Moneyisnomorethan/nothingmorethanourservants.* more(…)than;nomore(…)than,not…anymorethannomore(…)thanVSnot…anymorethan:可以对两件事实或两种情况进行比较，意思是“和…一样（也）不”eg.Physicsisnomoremathsthanitisphilosophy.IknownomoreSpanishthanIknowGreek.* more(…)than;nomore(…)than,not…anymorethannomore(…)thanVSnot…anymorethan:可以对两件事实或两种情况进行比较，意思是“和…一样（也）不”eg.Idon’tlikesmokinganymorethanyoudo.* notmore…than:相当于notas…as,意思是“没有…那样”eg.Iamnotmoremadthanyouare.*TranslationExercisesⅠ1.Theresultsurpassestheirexpectations.2.Weshouldtakeaccountofthecostoftheproject.3.Thefairweathercontributedtothesuccessofthescientificexpedition.*TranslationExercisesⅠ4.Ronaldo,oneofthefootballstarsfromBrazil,scoredseveralspectaculargoalsin2002FIFAWorldCup.*TranslationExercisesⅠ5.ManyhonorarydegreesfromdifferentcollegesanduniversitiesinAmericawereconferreduponRobertFrostforhisremarkablecontributionstopoetry.*TranslationExercisesⅠ6.Patienceandperseverancearerequiredinemancipationfrombadhabits.*TranslationExercisesⅠ7.Theytriedtoinstillsuchnewideasintostudents’minds.8.Youshoulddemonstrateimpartialityinyourassessmentoftheemployees.***