Unit 7 The Monster综合教程四

Unit7TheMonster*Throughouthiscareer,TrumanCapoteremainedoneofAmerica’smostcontroversialandcolorfulauthors,combiningliterarygeniuswithapenchantfortheglitteringworldofhighsociety.Watchthemovieclipanddiscussthefollowingquestions.AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationHedidnotseemtobethepersonthatyouwillmakeafriendwith.Fromthewayhecarrieshimselfandthewayhespeaks,wecanprobablydrawtheconclusionthatheisagay.Hepaidthetrainconductortocomplimenthim,whichshowsthatheisvainandflamboyant.1.HowwouldyoudescribeCapote?*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformation2.WilltheknowledgeofCapotebeinganoutrageousandoffensivepersonhaveanyeffectonyourimpressionofhisnovels?Yes.Agreatwritershouldfirstofallbeagreatman.Capoteinprivateisquitedifferentfromtheonethatisbehindthepublicmask.Withthisunderstandinginmind,Iwillhaveadifferentperspectivewhenreadinghisnovels.No.Althoughhewasasocialclimber,abackstabber,andhisbehaviorwasfrequentlyoffensiveifnotdownrightdisgusting,hewasalsoawriterofuncommongraceandsensitivity,whohascreatedmanyunforgettableimagesofpeopleandplaces.a.b.*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationFromCapote*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationIfiguredyou’dmissedit.I’msorry.That’sallright.IthoughtIwasheadingtoKansasbymyself.God,I’mgladyouagreedtocome.You’retheonlyoneIknowwiththequalificationstobebotharesearchassistantandapersonalbodyguard.Thankyou.NowI’mnervous.Yes?Mr.TrumanCapoteandMissNelleHarperLee?That’sus.Nelle:Capote:Nelle:Capote:Nelle:Capote:TrainConductor:Capote:*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationWherewouldyoulikethese,sir?Youcanputthatrighttherebetweenthedoors.Whatalldidyoubring?Justafewthings.Thankyougreatly,sir.Thankyou.You’rewelcome.It’sanhonortohaveyouwithus,sir.AndIhopeyouwon’tmindmesaying,butIthoughtyourlastbookwasevenbetterthanthefirst.Thankyou.TrainConductor:Capote: Nelle: Capote: TrainConductor:Nelle: Capote: TrainConductor:Capote: *AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationImean,justwhenyouthinkthey’vegottenasgoodastheycanget.Thankyouverymuch.Ma’am.You’repathetic.What?Youpaidhimtosaythat.Youpaidhimtosaythat.Howdidyouknow?“Justwhenyouthinkthey’vegottenasgoodastheycanget”?Ithoughtthatwasagoodline.Doyouthinkthatwastoomuch?Yeah,abit.TrainConductor:Capote: TrainConductor:Nelle: Capote: Nelle: Capote: Nelle: Capote: Nelle: *1.ListofsomecommonmusicalinstrumentsAudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformation1)StringedInstruments弦乐器Viola中提琴 Cello大提琴Guitar吉他 Violin小提琴Harp竖琴2)KeyboardInstruments键盘乐器Piano钢琴Pipeorgan管风琴*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformation3)PercussionInstruments打击乐器Triangle三角铁 Drum大鼓 Cymbal钹 Gong锣Tambourine铃鼓 Xylophone木琴 Dulcimer扬琴 Chimes/Tubularbell管钟4)WindInstrument管乐器；吹奏乐器BrassInstruments铜管乐器Frenchhorn法国号 Bugle单号/军乐号Cornet短号 Trumpet小号*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationWoodwindInstruments木管乐器Clarinet单簧管 Bassoon低音管/巴松管Flute长笛 Oboe双簧管Saxophone萨克斯 Accordion手风琴 harmonica口琴*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformation2.ListofsomemusicaltermsThisisalistofmusicaltermsthatarelikelytobeencounteredinprintedscores,musicreviews,andprogramnotes.cycle套曲:asetofsongsintendedtobeperformedasagroupsuite组曲:aninstrumentalpiececonsistingofseveralshorterpiecessonata奏鸣曲:apieceofmusicforoneinstrumentorforoneinstrumentandpiano,usuallydividedintothreeorfourparts*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationsymphony交响曲:anelaboratemusicalcompositionforfullorchestra,typicallyinfourmovements,atleastoneofwhichistraditionallyinsonataformconcerto协奏曲:amusicalcompositionforasoloinstrumentorinstrumentsaccompaniedbyanorchestra,especiallyoneconceivedonarelativelylargescaleoverture序曲:anorchestralpieceatthebeginningofanopera,suite,play,oratorio,orotherextendedcomposition*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationprelude前奏曲:anintroductorypieceofmusic,mostcommonlyanorchestralopeningtoanactofanopera,thefirstmovementofasuite,orapieceprecedingafugueimpromptu即兴曲:ashortpieceofinstrumentalmusic,especiallyasolo,thatisreminiscentofanimprovisationaccompaniment伴奏:thepartofapieceofmusicthatsupportsthetuneorsomeonesingingsolo独奏；独唱:apieceofvocalorinstrumentalmusicoradance,orapartorpassageinone,foroneperformer*AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationensemble重奏；重唱:agroupofmusicians,dancers,oractorswhoperformtogetherchambermusic室内乐:musicforasmallensembleofinstruments,intendedforperformanceinaroomorchamber,asopposedtoachurchorlargerbuildingduet二重奏:apieceofmusicwrittenfortwoperformers.Onthepianosuchapiecewouldinvolvetwoplayersononeinstrument.trio三重奏:acompositiondesignedforthreeplayersorthenameofagroupofthreeplayersquartet四重奏:acompositionforfourplayersorthenameforagroupoffourplayers*ThetextarguesthatRichardWagner’smonstrousbehaviorcanbeforgivenbecauseofhismiraculousachievementsinmusic.StructuralanalysisGeneralanalysisRhetoricalfeatures*StructuralanalysisGeneralanalysisRhetoricalfeaturesPartI(Paragraphs1－9):Thispartdescribesamanwhoseemstohaverolledallkindsofdemeritsintoone,arealmonster.Thisessayonafamousman,whosenameisnotrevealeduntilalmosttheendofthepiece,isastudyofmonstrousconceit.Filledwithbiographicaldetailsthatkeepthereaderguessingtothelastmoment,theessayconcludeswithachallengingviewonthenatureofgenius:Ifageniuswassoprolific,“isitanywonderthathehadnotimetobeaman?”Thetextcanbedividedintothreeparts:*StructuralanalysisGeneralanalysisRhetoricalfeaturesPartII(Paragraph10):Thispartservesasatransitionalparagraph,whichclarifieswhothismonsterreallyis,i.e.afamousmusicianbythenameofRichardWagner.PartIII(Paragraphs11－13):ThelastpartjustifiesallthepeculiarbehaviorofRichardWagner.*StructuralanalysisGeneralanalysisRhetoricalfeaturesTherepetitiveuseofthethirdpersonpronounhecreatessuspenseinthereader’smind.Thisisoneoftheeffectivewaystoholdthereaders’attentionandmakethemreadon.Ifweusetheterminologyoffunctionallinguisticsanddiscourseanalysis,thisuseofheiscataphoricinnature.Anothertypicalexampleis“He’sthebiggestslobIknow.He’sreallystupid.He’ssocruel.He’smyboyfriend,Steve.”Moreover,aseriesofthesuperlativeformsofadjectivesandinvertedsentencesareusedtoemphasizetheextremeextentofhispeculiarconceit.*StructuralanalysisGeneralanalysisRhetoricalfeaturesForexample:Hebelievedhimselfoneofthegreatestdramatistsintheworld,oneofthegreatestthinkers,andoneofthegreatestcomposers.(Paragraph2)Neverforoneminutedidhelookattheworldoratpeople,exceptinrelationtohimself.(Paragraph2)Practice:Findmoreexamplesofsuperlativeformsofadjectivesandinvertedsentences.*StructuralanalysisGeneralanalysisRhetoricalfeatures1.Hewasoneofthemostexhaustingconversationaliststhateverlived.(Paragraph2)2.Theslightesthintofdisagreement,fromanyone,onthemosttrivialpoint,wasenoughtosethimoffonaharanguethatmightlastforhours,…(Paragraph3)3.Itneveroccurredtohimthatheandhisdoingwerenotofthemostintenseandfascinatinginteresttoanyonewithwhomhecameincontact.(Paragraph4)4.Notforasinglemomentdidheevercompromisewithwhathebelieved,withwhathedreamed.(Paragraph13)*1Hewasanundersizedlittleman,withaheadtoobigforhisbody―asicklylittleman.Hisnerveswerebad.Hehadskintrouble.Itwasagonyforhimtowearanythingnexttohisskincoarserthansilk.Andhehaddelusionsofgrandeur.DetailedreadingTHEMONSTERDeemsTaylor*Detailedreading2Hewasamonsterofconceit.Neverforoneminutedidhelookattheworldoratpeople,exceptinrelationtohimself.Hebelievedhimselftobeoneofthegreatestdramatistsintheworld,oneofthegreatestthinkers,andoneofthegreatestcomposers.Tohearhimtalk,hewasShakespeare,andBeethoven,andPlato,rolledintoone.Hewasoneofthemostexhaustingconversationaliststhateverlived.Sometimeshewasbrilliant;sometimeshewasmaddeninglytiresome.Butwhetherhewasbeingbrilliantordull,hehadonesoletopicofconversation:himself.Whathethoughtandwhathedid.*Detailedreading3Hehadamaniaforbeingintheright.Theslightesthintofdisagreement,fromanyone,onthemosttrivialpoint,wasenoughtosethimoffonaharanguethatmightlastforhours,inwhichheprovedhimselfrightinsomanyways,andwithsuchexhaustingvolubility,thatintheendhishearer,stunnedanddeafened,wouldagreewithhim,forthesakeofpeace.*Detailedreading4Itneveroccurredtohimthatheandhisdoingwerenotofthemostintenseandfascinatinginteresttoanyonewithwhomhecameincontact.Hehadtheoriesaboutalmostanysubjectunderthesun,includingvegetarianism,thedrama,politics,andmusic;andinsupportofthesetheorieshewrotepamphlets,letters,books...thousandsuponthousandsofwords,hundredsandhundredsofpages.Henotonlywrotethesethings,andpublishedthem―usuallyatsomebodyelse’sexpense―buthewouldsitandreadthemaloud,forhours,tohisfriends,andhisfamily.*Detailedreading5Hehadtheemotionalstabilityofasix-year-oldchild.Whenhefeltoutofsorts,hewouldraveandstamp,orsinkintosuicidalgloomandtalkdarklyofgoingtotheEasttoendhisdaysasaBuddhistmonk.Tenminuteslater,whensomethingpleasedhimhewouldrushoutofdoorsandrunaroundthegarden,orjumpupanddownoffthesofa,orstandonhishead.Hecouldbegrief-strickenoverthedeathofapetdog,andcouldbecallousandheartlesstoadegreethatwouldhavemadeaRomanemperorshudder.*Detailedreading6Hewasalmostinnocentofanysenseofresponsibility.Hewasconvincedthattheworldowedhimaliving.Insupportofthisbelief,heborrowedmoneyfromeverybodywhowasgoodforaloan―men,women,friends,orstrangers.Hewrotebegginglettersbythescore,sometimesgrovelingwithoutshame,atothersloftilyofferinghisintendedbenefactortheprivilegeofcontributingtohissupport,andbeingmortallyoffendediftherecipientdeclinedthehonor.*Detailedreading7WhatmoneyhecouldlayhishandonhespentlikeanIndianrajah.Noonewilleverknow―certainlyheneverknows―howmuchmoneyheowed.Wedoknowthathisgreatestbenefactorgavehim$6,000topaythemostpressingofhisdebtsinonecity,andayearlaterhadtogivehim$16,000toenablehimtoliveinanothercitywithoutbeingthrownintojailfordebt.*Detailedreading8Hewasequallyunscrupulousinotherways.Anendlessprocessionofwomenmarchedthroughhislife.Hisfirstwifespenttwentyyearsenduringandforgivinghisinfidelities.Hissecondwifehadbeenthewifeofhismostdevotedfriendandadmirer,fromwhomhestoleher.Andevenwhilehewastryingtopersuadehertoleaveherfirsthusbandhewaswritingtoafriendtoinquirewhetherhecouldsuggestsomewealthywoman―anywealthywoman―whomhecouldmarryforhermoney.*Detailedreading9Hehadageniusformakingenemies.Hewouldinsultamanwhodisagreedwithhimabouttheweather.Hewouldpullendlesswiresinordertomeetsomemanwhoadmiredhisworkandwasableandanxioustobeofusetohim―andwouldproceedtomakeamortalenemyofhimwithsomeidioticandwhollyuncalled-forexhibitionofarroganceandbadmanners.Acharacterinoneofhisoperaswasacaricatureofoneofthemostpowerfulmusiccriticsofhisday.Notcontentwithburlesquinghim,heinvitedthecritictohishouseandreadhimthelibrettoaloudinfrontofhisfriends.*Detailedreading10ThenameofthismonsterwasRichardWagner.EverythingIhavesaidabouthimyoucanfindonrecord―innewspapers,inpolicereports,inthetestimonyofpeoplewhoknewhim,inhisownletters,betweenthelinesofhisautobiography.Andthecuriousthingaboutthisrecordisthatitdoesn’tmatterintheleast.*Detailedreading11Becausethisundersized,sickly,disagreeable,fascinatinglittlemanwasrightallthetime,thejokewasonus.Hewasoneoftheworld’sgreatestdramatists;hewasagreatthinker;hewasoneofthemoststupendousmusicalgeniusesthat,uptonow,theworldhaseverseen.Theworlddidowehimaliving.Whatifhedidtalkabouthimselfallthetime?Ifhetalkedabouthimselffortwenty-fourhourseverydayforthespanofhislifehewouldnothaveutteredhalfthenumberofwordsthatothermenhavespokenandwrittenabouthimsincehisdeath.*Detailedreading12Whenyouconsiderwhathewrote―thirteenoperasandmusicdramas,elevenofthemstillholdingthestage,eightofthemunquestionablyworthrankingamongtheworld’sgreatmusico-dramaticmasterpieces―whenyoulistentowhathewrote,thedebtsandheartachesthatpeoplehadtoendurefromhimdon’tseemmuchofaprice.*Detailedreading13Whatifhewasfaithlesstohisfriendsandtohiswives?Hehadonemistresstowhomhewasfaithfultothedayofhisdeath:Music.Notforasinglemomentdidheevercompromisewithwhathebelieved,withwhathedreamed.Thereisnotalineofhismusicthatcouldhavebeenconceivedbyalittlemind.Evenwhenheisdull,ordownrightbad,heisdullinthegrandmanner.Listeningtohismusic,onedoesnotforgivehimforwhathemayormaynothavebeen.Itisnotamatterofforgiveness.*DetailedreadingItisamatterofbeingdumbwithwonderthathispoorbrainandbodydidn’tburstunderthetormentofthedemonofcreativeenergythatlivedinsidehim,struggling,clawing,scratchingtobereleased;tearing,shriekingathimtowritethemusicthatwasinhim.Themiracleisthatwhathedidinthelittlespaceofseventyyearscouldhavebeendoneatall,evenbyagreatgenius.Isitanywonderhehadnotimetobeaman?*Doestheman’sappearance,describedinthefirstparagraph,giveoneanyimpressionof“grandeur”?(Paragraph1)No.Hewasalittlemanwithsignsofillhealth,sickinbothbodyandnerves.Thisisbynomeansanappearancethatmaybringoneasenseofgrandeur.Thenwhatmakesamanwithsuchapoorlookhave“delusionsofgrandeur”?Theonlyexplanationisthat“heisamonsterofconceit”.Detailedreading*Whatfurtherevidenceisprovidedofthemonster’sconceit?(Paragraph2—3)Toprovehisconceit,thesecondparagraphdescribeshimassoegocentricthathecaredaboutnothingbuthimself;hehadsuchastrongsenseofself-appreciationthathesawhimselfnotjustasthegreatestmusician,polemistandphilosopher,butalsoastheworld’sfinestlivingpoetandplaywright.Andthethirdparagraphtellsthatheneverexpectedcriticismoralloweddisagreement.Detailedreading*Whatfactsaregiventoshowthathewasaversatileman?(Paragraph4)Hehadtheoriesaboutalmostanysubjectunderthesun,includingvegetarianism,thedrama,politics,andmusic;andinsupportofthesetheorieshewrotepamphlets,letters,books...thousandsuponthousandsofwords,hundredsandhundredsofpages.Detailedreading*Howdoesthewriterdescribehimasanemotionalperson?(Paragraph5)Hehadamoodaschangeableasasix-year-oldchild.Forexample,hewouldgetmadwhensomethingwasagainsthisdesire,andforgetallaboutitwhensomethingpleasanthappened.Andhewouldbegrievedononeoccasionbutbecomemercilessonanother.Detailedreading*Howwashefinanciallysupported?Didheearnhimselfagoodlivingwithhisgreattalents?(Paragraph6－7)Helivedonothers’money.Throughouthislife,hefoundmanybenefactors,amongwhomKingLudwigIIandOttoWesendonckweretwoofthemostgenerousones.In1864KingLudwigII,hisgreatestbenefactor,invitedhimtosettleinBavaria,nearMunich,dischargingallhisdebtsandprovidinghimwithmoney.AnothergenerouspatronOttoWesendonck,whosewifewasstolenawaybyWagner,supportedhimeconomicallybybuyingthepublishingrightsofhisworks.However,lateritturnedoutthathehadtogiveuphispublishingrightsbecauseWagnerhadsoldthemagaintoothers.Detailedreading*Althoughthesebenefactorshadprovidedhimwithagreatsumofmoneyandnevergotanyrepayment,Wagnerkeptlivingindebtandhadanarrowescapefrombeingthrownintojailfordebtbecausehewassuchalavishspender.Detailedreading*Whatwashisattitudetowardlove?(Paragraph8)Itseemsthathewasaplayboy.HedivorcedhisfirstwifeMinnaPlanerafter26years’marriage(1836－1862)andstoleawayotherpeople’swives,e.g.JessieLaussot,MathildeWesendonck,CosimavonBülow,thelastonewasthewifeoftheconductorHansvonBülow,andLiszt’sdaughter.Detailedreading*WhydoyouthinkWagnermadesomanyenemies?(Paragraph9)Thiswasalsoduetohisconceit.Hecouldnottolerateanyonewhodisagreedwithhim,evenoversometrivialpointslikeweather.Hewasundersuchadelusionofgrandeurthathewoulddoanythingtodefeattheminordertodefendhisimageasaperfectgeniusratherthankeepthemasfriends.Detailedreading*HowdoestheauthorjustifyWagner’sarroganceandextravagance?(Paragraph11－12)TheauthorsaysthatWagnerwasamongthegreatestdramatists,thegreatestthinkersandthemosttremendousmusicalgeniusesinourworld.Hisimmortalworksfarexceededinvaluethetortureshisarroganceinflicteduponothersandthedebtsheowed.Detailedreading*GroupdiscussionDetailedreadingWhydoyouthinkthewriterpostponesthepresentationofthismonster’snametillthe10thparagraph?DescribingthefeaturesofthismonsterfirstwithoutintroducinghisnamehelpsthereadersdrawapictureofRichardWagnerfaithfultothereality.PresentingRichardWagner’snamefirstmayinterferewiththeirobjectiveconclusiononwhatkindofpersonWagnerreallywas.ThepostponedappearanceofWagner’snamenotonlyholdsthereaderinsuspense,but,moreimportantly,inspiresthereadertofindexcusesforallthemonster’sdemeritsillustratedpreviously.*GroupdiscussionDetailedreadingDoyouthinkthereader’sattitudetowardsthismonsterwouldchangealittlewhenhefinallyfindsoutwhothismonsterwas?Yes.Beforeknowingwhothismonsterwas,thereadersmayfeelannoyedathispersonalityandbehavior.However,afterknowingthathewasRichardWagner,they,thoughawarethatthedescriptionsareallfactsonrecord,wouldstillholdthatWagner’soutstandingcontributionstotheworldjustifiedallhisbehavior.Hedeservedwhathehadobtainedinhislife,nomatterhowunacceptablyhebehaved.Therecanbesomeotheranswerstothisquestion.*undersized:a.smallerthantheusualornormalsizee.g.Althoughheseemedthinandundersizedcomparedwithhiscousins,hewasreallyashardasnailsanddidn’tfallillhalfasoftenastheydid.DetailedreadingAntonym:oversizedTranslation从年龄来说，这个男孩的个头不大，体质也不强壮。Theboywasundersizedforhisyears,andnotstrong.______________________________________________*agony:n.veryseverepain;averysad,difficult,orunpleasantexperienceDetailedreadinge.g.Itwasagonynotknowingifshewouldlive.Hegroanedinagony.English-ChineseTranslation:Sorrowcomestoall,andtotheyoungitcomeswithbitteredagonybecauseittakesthemunawares.悲伤向所有人袭来，对于年轻人而言它所带来的痛苦更巨大，因为这完全出乎他们意料。________________________________________________________________________________________*DetailedreadingChinese-EnglishTranslation:对于他内心的创痛而言，肉体的痛苦根本不算什么。Theimmensephysicaldistresswasnothingtohisinternalagony._________________________________________________________*delusion:n.afalsebelieforopinione.g.ThatsickmanisunderthedelusionthatheisNapoleon.HeisunderthedelusionthatIamgoingtocheathim.DetailedreadingCollocation:underthedelusion(that)delusionsofgrandeur(妄自尊大):abeliefthatyouaremoreimportantthanyoureallyare*in/withrelationto:with/inreferenceto;concerning;withregardtoDetailedreadinge.g.It’sbesttoplanwithrelationtoanticipatedchangesinone’searnings.Demandishighinrelationtosupply.Thatargumentchangesnothingwithrelationtoourplansforhiringworkers.*(all)rolledintoone:integrateseveralthingsorfeaturesintoonee.g.Shehasbecomehisassistantandsecretaryrolledintoone.DetailedreadingTranslation:他既是工人又是作家。Heisaworkerandawriterrolledintoone.____________________________________*mania:n.extremelystrongenthusiasmforsth.,esp.amongalotofpeopleDetailedreadinge.g.Thecountryhasamaniaforsoccer.Shehasamaniafordrivingfastcars.Synonym:craze;fad;obsession*Detailedreadingsetsb.off:makesb.starttolaugh,cry,ortalkalote.g.YourrudebehaviorsetoffMrs.Franklin.Mysisterwasanunpredictableyoungwoman,andIneverknewwhatwouldsetheroff.Translation:只要一提到她父亲的死，她就又哭了起来。Justmentioningherfather’sdeathcouldsetheroffagain.______________________________________________________*forthesakeofsb./forsb.’ssake:forthegoodoradvantageofe.g.Ifyouwon’tdoitforyourownsake,thendoitformine.Theirparentsonlystayedtogetherforthesakeofthechildren.Detailedreadingforthesakeofsth./forsth.’ssake:becauseof;forthepurposeofe.g.I’llgiveupsmokingforthesakeofhealth.Myartdoesnottrytoservesociety;it’sjustartforart’ssake.*DetailedreadingTranslation:为了和平我们做出了让步。Wemadeconcessionsforthesakeofpeace._____________________________________为子孙后代着想，我们应该从现在起就开始节约用水。Forthesakeoffuturegenerations,weshouldstartfromnowontosavewater.___________________________________________________________________*atsb.’sexpense:withsb.payingthecoste.g.Hehadhisbookprintedathisownexpense.Wewereentertainedattheeditor’sexpense.Detailedreadingattheexpenseof:causingthelossofe.g.Hefinishedthejobattheexpenseofhishealth.*Detailedreadingoutofsorts:inabadtemper;feelingunwellorannoyede.g.Hewasoutofsortsbecauseoftheweather.Translation:鲍勃整个上午都没精打采的，老想着试验失败的事儿。Bobwasoutofsortsallmorning,thinkingaboutthefailureoftheexperiment._________________________________________________________________*Therearefansbythescorewaitingforthestarattheentrance.e.g.Detailedreadingbythescore:largenumbersof,agreatmany*Detailedreadinggrovel:v.showtoomuchrespectforsb.orbetoowillingtoobeysb.,becauseyouwanttopleasethemoryouareafraidofthemThedoggrovelledathisfeetwhenhe