2016年小学英语期末考试知识点（语法介词）

2016年小学英语期末考试知识点（语法介词） 　　在学习英语的过程中，介词的使用，一直都是孩子们的软肋，只有掌握了正确的介词才能运用自如，那么，英语中各种介词到底该怎么使用呢?如何让孩子快速的掌握这些知识点呢?下面跟一起过来看看吧! 　　一、介词需要注意的三要点 　　1. 介词不能单独使用，必须与动词连用。 　　2. 介词后跟名词、代词和动名词。 　　3. 地点副词前介词通常省略。 　　如：go home(home 是地点副词，前不加 to)。 　　口诀：这那里(here/there)，楼上下(upstairs/downstairs)，国内外(home/abroad) 　　二、常见的介词主要有哪些? 　　(1)时间介词 　　1. at+时刻前 　　例：at six o’clock 　　2. in+不能具体到天 　　例：in spring 　　3. on+具体到天 　　例：on Sep.13th 　　4. 特殊难点：at Christmas/ on Christmas on/at weekends 　　5. In+the+morning/afternoon/evening At+noon/night 　　例：on the morning of May 23rd; on a fine afternoon 　　6. 完成时介词 　　By+过去时间=过去完成时 　　例：By the end of the last month, I had read 200English books. 　　By+now=现在完成时 　　例：We have learned 500 words by now. 　　By+将来时间=将来完成时 　　例：I will have learned 3000 words by the end of the next week. 　　(2)地点介词 　　1. In+大地点(大于等于区) 　　2. At+小地点(小于区) 　　例：in Shanghai; in China; at home; at the airport 　　(3)区域介词 　　1. In the south/north/east/west 示：在内部的东南西北 　　例：Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。(中国的内部) 　　2. On the south/north/east/west 表示：相邻，在外部，接壤 　　例：On the east of Shanghai is the East Sea.上海的东部就是东海。(上海与东海接壤) 　　3. To the south/north/east/west 表示：在外部，无接壤，隔海相望 　　例：Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。(日本和中国隔海相望) 　　(4)树上介词 　　1. On the tree 表示：天生长在树上的 　　例：apples on the tree 　　2. In the tree 表示：后来上树的 　　例：birds in the tree 　　(5)墙上介词 　　1. On the wall 表示：挂在墙上 　　2. In the wall 表示：嵌在墙里 　　(6)敌意介词 　　动词+at 　　Laugh at 嘲笑 point at 指着 throw at 朝某人扔东西 talk at 谈论 　　(7)目的地介词 　　1. 大部分动词+to+目的地 　　2. Sail/leave/set off/set out/head+for+目的地 　　三、易混淆介词有哪些? 　　1. Across 横穿 through 在立体空间中“穿过” 　　例：across the street(在街的表面横穿) through the forest(在森林这个空间里穿过) 　　2. Between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者以上之间 　　例：between you and me(你我之间) among all the students(在所有学生之间) 　　3. On 在物体的上面(有接触面) over 垂直正上方(无接触面) above 在上面，高于(不一定垂直) 　　例：on the table(和桌子接触) over the river(在河的垂直上方) above the house(不一定垂直) 　　4. Beneath 在物体的下面(有接触面) under 垂直正下方(无接触面)below 非垂直下方(无接触面) 　　例：beneath the table(和桌子接触)under the tree(在树的正下方) below the surface of the water(在水面的下方，不一定垂直) 　　5. In front of 在整个物体的前面 in the front of 在物体内部的前面 　　In front of the room(在房间的前面，即在房间的外面);in the front of(在房间的前部，即在房间的里面) 　　四、能力检测走起 　　一星题： 　　( ) 1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays. 　　A. on; on B. at; on 　　C. in; in D. in; on 　　( ) 2 -There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there? 　　-No. We can have a game of table tennis. 　　A. on B. in 　　C.out D. up 　　( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981. 　　A. in B. at 　　C. on D. since 　　( ) 4 He suddenly returned____ a rainy night. 　　A. on B. at 　　C. in D. during 　　( ) 5 My grandfather was born____Oct. 10, 1935. 　　A. on B. in 　　C. at D. of 　　( ) 6 The train is starting___five minutes. 　　A. in B. at 　　C. for D. still 　　( ) 7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening. 　　A. on; to B. at; in 　　C. by; of D. at; on 　　两星题 ： 　　( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred years. 　　A. for past the B. in the pass 　　C. in the past D. for past 　　( ) 2 I worked on the problem ____ a long time and I worked it out____myself____ last. 　　A. for; by; at B. in; with; on 　　C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the 　　( ) 3 Mr Brown had lain ____ the ground ____ four hours before they finally found him. 　　A. on; for B. at; in 　　C. on; after D. in; during 　　( ) 4 She lived in the mountain village____ the years 1940-1950. 　　A. between B. during 　　C. in D. since 　　( ) 5 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won ____ the end. 　　A. by B. at 　　C. in D. on 　　三星题： 　　( ) 1. The doctor worked___ five hours___ a rest. 　　A. for; with B. on; without 　　C. about; having D. for; without 　　( ) 2. Why don’t they build a new road that goes____ the town? 　　A. to B. through 　　C. over D. round 　　( ) 3. It was purely ______ chance that the mistake was discovered. 　　A. in B. for 　　C. by D. from 　　( ) 4. The company is very famous ______ the high quality of its products. 　　A. in B. for 　　C. by D. with 　　( ) 5. Though we have no interests ______ common, we are good friends. 　　A. on B. in 　　C. for D. at