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ST60/15 塔式起重机 安装使用说明 抚顺永茂建筑机械有限公司 前 言 尊敬的用户： 感谢并欢迎您选用抚顺永茂建筑机械有限公司生产 的 ST 系列塔式起重机。 在安装和使用本公司生产的 ST 系列塔机之前，请详细阅 读本说明书的有关内容。（本说明书包括三个部分，即：一、 安装使用说明；二、操作维护指南；三、产品配件） 如您在安装使用过程中遇到任何问题，请及时与我公司 技术部联系。 公司地址：辽宁省抚顺市顺城区瑗大公路 3 号 电话：86-413-7648899 7649988 7648989 传真：86-413-7649999 随着国内外塔机技术的不断更新与改善，我们也会经常 对本公司的产品进行革新和改造。因此，本说明书所列的技 术参数如有更改，恕不另行。 本手册中详细介绍了 ST60/15 塔吊各部结构，安装、操作、 维护等用户使用所需资料。在您使用永茂公司生产的 ST60/15 塔吊之前，请认真阅读该手册，若仍有不清之处，敬请与本 公司联系。 电话：86-413-7648899 7649988 本公司向用户说明如下： 1、本公司产品保修期自塔吊出厂之日算起六个月。该塔 吊应按规定的工作级别使用。 2、在保修期内公司负责保修因制造缺陷损坏的零部件。 3、本公司不负责易损件的保修，但可提供更换服务。 4、因用户不按本手册中所述操作或不给塔机定期维 护和保养而造成塔机损坏及安全事故，本公司不负任何责任。 5、因电网电压不符合要求及自然灾害造成的零部件损 坏，责任自负。本公司可有偿提供配件及服务。 6、该塔吊工作环境温度：- 200C — 400C，最大工作风速 为 20m/s，工作级别：A3。 重要说明：寒冷地区（-20°C 以下）用户冬季施工请 严格遵守说明书中塔机工作环境要求，否 则一切后果自负。 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用说明 1 目 录 第一部分 安装使用说明 第一章 塔机参数和结构 ············································································1A-1 第二章 塔机总装 ························································································2A-1 第三章 顶升程序 ························································································3A-1 第四章 拆塔 ································································································4A-1 附：1. 固定基础 ST6014-1 2. 压重基础 ST6014-5 3. 压重块 ST6014-3 4. 配重块 QT6019-2 第二部分 操作维护指南 第一章 塔机参数 ························································································1B-1 第二章 塔机安全规则 ················································································2B-1 第三章 操作 ································································································3B-1 第四章 塔机的供电及原理图 ····································································4B-1 第五章 起升机构 ························································································5B-1 第六章 回转机构 ························································································6B-1 第七章 变幅机构 ························································································7B-1 附：电气图 第八章 安全装置 ························································································8B-1 第九章 液压系统 ························································································9B-1 第十章 起重机械用钢丝绳安装检验·················································10B-1 第十一章 回转支承 ····················································································11B-1 第十二章 塔机保养 ····················································································12B-1 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用说明 2 第三部分 产品配件手册 1、底架 ········································································································1C-2 2、行走台车 ································································································1C-4 3、固定脚 ····································································································1C-10 4、套架 ········································································································1C-11 5、基础节 ····································································································1C-13 6、顶升机构 ································································································1C-14 7、节 ····································································································1C-15 8、下回转支座 ····························································································1C-16 9、上回转支座 ····························································································1C-18 10、回转减速机 ··························································································1C-20 11、塔头 ······································································································1C-22 12、臂架 ······································································································1C-24 13、平衡臂 ··································································································1C-28 14、变幅小车 ······························································································1C-30 15、吊钩 ······································································································1C-33 16、起升机构 ······························································································1C-35 17、维修用起重架 ······················································································1C-46 18、变幅机构 ······························································································1C-47 19、回转机构 ······························································································1C-52 20、拉杆总成 ······························································································1C-57 ST60/15 塔式起重机 一、安装使用说明 抚 顺 永 茂 建 筑 机 械 有 限 公 司 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A1 第一章 塔机参数与结构 一、塔机主要参数与结构形式 ········································································ 1A2 二、场地准备 ····································································································· 1A4 1、场地与空间································································································ 1A4 2、轨道············································································································ 1A9 3、接地············································································································ 1A20 三、固定底座 ····································································································· 1A22 1、准备条件···································································································· 1A22 2、如何选用混凝土块 ···················································································· 1A22 3、地面压力及混凝土块的选择 ···································································· 1A25 4、固定角钢尺寸特性 ···················································································· 1A26 5、固定脚的安装 ···························································································· 1A27 6、混凝土块的设计 ························································································ 1A29 四、压重 ············································································································· 1A38 1、压重组成···································································································· 1A38 2、压重重量与塔身高度关系 ········································································ 1A39 五、配重 ············································································································· 1A42 1、配重的形式································································································ 1A42 2、配重的结构与外形 ···················································································· 1A42 六、附着 ············································································································· 1A47 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A2 (4.5m) 6m 11.9m 1.6x1.6m 2x2m 14.4m 7. 2m 3. 3m 10t 60m 0.65t 5 0.65t 10 t 40m 3.6t 45m 50m 55m 3. 3m 1.5t 2.7t 60m 61.5m 3.1t 2.15t 一、主要参数与结构形式 R 倍率Fall R ( max ) m C（max） t 15 25 30 40 45 50 55 60 IV 11.75 10.0 7.41 3.83 2.93 1.88 1.54 1.26 1.04 0.85 60 II 20.20 5.0 5.0 4.43 3.57 2.53 2.18 1.91 1.68 1.50 IV 13.97 10.0 9.18 4.86 3.82 2.53 2.11 1.77 1.50 55 II 26.59 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.47 3.18 2.76 2.42 2.15 IV 15.17 10.0 10.0 5.42 4.26 2.81 2.41 2.05 50 II 29.02 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.91 3.52 3.06 2.70 IV 15.30 10.0 10.0 5.48 4.31 2.91 2.45 45 II 28.30 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.96 3.56 3.10 IV 15.40 10.0 10.0 5.53 4.37 2.95 40 II 30.00 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.60 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A3 （不含平衡重及压重重量） 16 14 15 13 11 12 10 VA650 88t 6mx6m 2x2m 1.6x1.6m ：工作状态支反力 ：整机自由高度重量 69tF3 59t 3m F2 F2 7. 65 m 108t F3 0. 15 m 2 1 3 4 14.8 11.8 17.8 20.8 103t70tF3 54t F1 0. 15 m 7. 65 m F2 F2 F3 102t 3m 14.82 11.81 20.8 17.83 4 12 .8 m 130t 3m 7. 5m 50.814 35.89 7 6 5 8 29.8 23.8 26.8 32.8 47.8 41.8 38.8 44.8 10 11 13 12 H(m) 59.8 56.8 53.8 16 15 17 PA664 9 35.8 7 29.8 23.8 26.8 5 6 32.88 11 10 12H(m) 41.8 38.8 44.8 2x2m PA452 H(m) 63 2163 22.6 ：非工作状态支反力 89t70tF1120t 71t 52 t 3m 7. 5m 4.5mx4.5m F1 1 19.6 16.6 2 1. 5m F1 18.6 15.61 2 1 2 3 4 5 H(m) 2x2m 12 48.649.6 1.6x1.6m 8 5 28.6 25.64 34.6 31.66 7 43.6 40.6 37.6 9 46.6 8 27.6 33.6 30.6 24.6 5 4 6 7 45.6 42.6 39.6 36.6 10 9 11 PA452 H(m) 55.6 52.6 61.6 58.6 47.615 H 8 7 9 10 38.6 13 11 12 14 44.6 41.6 50.6 53.617 16 BA675 192t 157t ST60/15 塔机机构主要性能参数 名称 机构代号 m/min t m/min t ch-ps hp Kw 70RCS25 0—45 0—90 5 2.5 0-22.5 0—45 10 5 486m >486 70 51.5 提升 10t 55RCS25 0—40 0—80 5 2.5 0—20 0—40 10 5 557m 41 变幅 DTC95 0—57 5.4 95N.m 回转 YMD50 RTC190 0—0.7rpm 2x4.8 2x5.4 2x50N.m 2x95N.m 行走 RT443 12.5—25 4x5 4 x 3.4 主 电 源 380V(±5 % ) 50HZ 供电容量 105KVA ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A4 二、场地准备 1．场地与空间 本手册载有塔机所需空间的尺寸要求，内容分为以下几部分： 1) 塔机布置的主要尺寸 2) 固定脚及底架 3) 塔 身 4) 塔 头 所给尺寸比较详细，可保证立塔精确无误。 注：所给尺寸只是理论上的尺寸，并没有考虑有载荷时的变形因素。 1）．塔机布置的主要尺寸 . 图 1—2—1a 1.6m (ST60/15) 6.4m 4.5m 7. 5m 4. 8m 1.6x1.6m 3m xN 11.9-14.4m 7. 2m 4. 3m 3. 3m 15.325 5.9m 4.5m 60m 42.825 3. 3m 1.5t 61.5m ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A5 图 1—2—1b 2m ( ST60/15 ) 注：所给尺寸只是理论上的尺寸，并没有考虑有载荷时的变形因素。 6m 7.2m 7. 5m 2x2m 3m xN 11.9-14.4m 7. 2m 4. 3m 3. 3m 15.325 7.4m 6m 60m 42.825 3. 3m 1.5t 61.5m 5. 1m ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A6 2）、固定脚及底架 图 1—2—2 固定脚 表 1-2-1 B G I F H A D Z K C E 图 1—2—3 底架 序号 SAL40 SAL60 A 4.5m 6.0m B 6.31m 7.16m C 0.29m 0.29m D E 4.178m 4.34m F 2.94m 3.69m G 2.94m 3.69m H 2.44m 3.19m I 2.44m 3.19m Z 4.5m 6.0m K 5.748m 7.248m ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A7 3）．塔身 图 1—2—4 塔身 E1 D1 Nx C1 K1H1C 1 B1 A1 F1 G1 表 1-2-2 SA L40 VA L60 A1 1.6m 2.0m B1 7.5m 7.5m C1 3.0m 3.0m D1 6.79m 7.26m E1 2.09m 2.6m F1 3.61m 4.05m G1 3.63m 4.3m H1 1.07m 1.18m K1 0.96m 1.12m ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A8 4）． 下回转以上各部尺寸： H K F N D E C J B L A G Ⅰ b d f a 14.45m 11.95m 61.5m 45.5m 40.5m 50.5m 55.5m 表 1-2-3 序号 1．6 米 2 米 A 1.6m 2m B 14.4m 14.4m C 2.5m 2.5m D 11.35m 11.35m E 4.3m 4.3m F 1.2m 1.2m G ≤Ⅰ ≤Ⅰ H 2.65m 2.65m Ⅰ 3.3m 3.3m J 0.3m 0.3m K 3.1m 3.1m L 3.0m 3.0m N 1.36m 1.36m 起重臂 a b f d 60m 61.5m 14.45m 42.825m 12.15m 55m 56.5m 14.45m 42.825m 12.15m 50m 51.5m 11.95m 37.825m 9.65m 45m 46.5m 11.95m 37.825m 9.65m 40m 41.5m 11.95m 37.825m 9.65m 图 1—2—5 ST60/15 下回转以上各部尺寸 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A9 2. 轨道 1) 轨道选择 路轨尺寸必须适应下列要求： 轨道 ： 轨距 由塔机高度决定的台车轮压 轨距和最大台车轮压； 地面 ： 地面承压力均匀。 轨道类型 ： 混凝土轨枕轨道 木枕轨道 2) 轨道铺设 所用轨道： 钢轨断面必须适于支撑行走轮，轨冠最大宽度为 70mm。应使用标准钢轨和 附件。 用户应根据不同的轨—枕联接方式，按最大水平力和垂直力选择钢轨其他断 面尺寸。 水平力大约为垂直力的 10%。 好—稍有磨损 新轨—接触面小 新轨—接触面小 单侧磨损 (a) (b) (c) (d) 图 1-2-6 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A10 轨道应进行认真设计和铺设： —纵向和横向完全水平。 —安装在坚硬的基础上。 —两轨平直，两轨平行。 —全长上使用同一型号的钢轨。 —至少在距轨端 1m 处，安装停止器。 —正确接地 (按本国标准考虑) 。 —立塔所需最短轨道长度见《立塔场地尺寸》部分。 轨道中间应填平到轨脚面高度，以便现场塔机正常行走。 (给出后面的图仅是作为一种说明，它们只用于承压力 20N/cm2 的均匀土壤。用 户负责铺设水平轨道，要求轨道能够承受最大台车反力而不引起局部下沉) 3）轨距 底盘所需轨距为 4.5m。 图 1-2-7 4.5m ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A11 4）混凝土轨枕轨道 符号和说明 3 ：钢筋数量 HA ：高强度螺纹钢筋（2 级或 2 级以上） 3 HA 10x1100 e ：15 10 ：钢筋直径 (mm) 1100 ：钢筋长度 (cm) e ：间 距 (cm) L．B ：下层 L．H ：上层 Z．N ：中层部分 A．H．B ：上下钢筋的搭接 LR．＝ 45 t max ：纵向轨枕的垂直反力最大为 45 t 。 LR．55t—75t max ：纵向轨枕的垂直反力最大为 55 t 至 75 t。 P．R ：钢枕重量 (kg/m) 混凝土水泥比例 ：350kg/m3 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A12 e = 20x49 e = 12x83 30m 10m ZN e = 20x49 e = 12x83 252HA8 x 195 252HA8 x 160 150HA10 x 195 50 225 10m A.H.B. 50 50 135 18 20 70 35 20 70 30 45 75 504050 252HA8 x 230 140 70 ZN e = 20x49 e = 12x83 50 50 50 10m 225 5x3HA16x1100 2x3HA10x1100 2nd L.B 5x3HA16x1100 1st L.B 5x3HA20x1100 4x3HA14x1100 L．R = 75 t 100 t P．R = 50kg 图 1-2-8 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A13 10m e = 12x83 e = 20x49 ZN 150HA12 x 215 252HA8 x 190 252HA8 x 225 10m e = 12x83 e = 20x49 50 225 A.H.B. 50 50 155 35 20 85 85 18 20 50 40 90 252HA8 x 260 60 160 85 40 50 ZN e = 12x83 e = 20x49 30m 50 50 50 10m 225 3rd L.B 2x3HA16x1100 2nd L.B 5x3HA20x1100 1st L.B 5x3HA20x1100 5x3HA14x1100 2x3HA10x1100 4x3HA14x1100 L．R = 115 t 130 t P．R = 54 kg 图 1-2-9 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A14 6 4 20 0 200 150 图 1-2-10 非常重要 ：纵向轨枕中各连接梁的间距与轨距相同 纵向轨枕间的连接梁 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A15 5）木枕轨道 说明与符号 铺设轨道用的部件应按支座反力 R 来确定 最大地基承压力 20N/cm2(在各种情况下) R ：最大支座反力 t HEB ：高度 mm H．B ：路基高度 mm P．R ：每米钢轨重量 kg B ：杂木轨枕 P．C．C． ：夯实碴石 40/60mm T．P． ：钢轨型号 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A16 1.2m 6m 12x100 1m 0.2mx0.2mB0.6m0.6m HEB PCC 1.6m. 45° HB 图 1-2-11 表 1-2-4 R HEB H．B P．R 110t 320 350 50 100t 320 300 50 90t 320 250 50 20 .5 32 0 11.5 HEB320 300 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A17 1.2m 12x100 0.2mx0.2mB 6m 0.6m0.6m 1m HEB PCC 1.6m. 45° HB 图 1-2-12 表 1-2-5 R HEB H．B P．R 130t 360 400 54 120t 360 350 54 110t 360 300 54 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A18 6）停止器 接近轨道终点的塔机必须在触及轨道停止器之前停止行走运动。 停止器的安装位置见图 1-2-13，它包括： a/一个行走限位开关撞块 b/一个弹性缓冲器 c/一个焊固在钢轨上的挡块 上述停止器用户应特别认真地设计和装配，并定期检查以确保其正常使用。 限位开关撞块(a)的安装见本手册有关章节规定。检查撞块(a)是否与轨道平 行，以防行走限位开关滚轮离开撞块。用户自备停止器组件 a，b，c,并自行安装。 可以使用不同型号的缓冲器(b)夹持在轨道上。在选择停止器组件时应注意塔机 的重量(以确定缓冲能力)和缓冲器高度。缓冲器高度必须与街台车上的止动撞块 高度一致。 轨端挡块(c)须焊接在轨道上，间距适宜，以防塔机出轨。下面草图仅作一说明。 . ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A19 50 288 轨道 a 17 0 3m-6 m 50 120 b 100 100 8 40 c 1m 图 1-2-13 自由行走长度 按行走速度确定 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A20 3． 接地 注意：塔机接地线不得采用保险丝或开关及电缆芯代替 有三种接地方式 ： A、接地体采用正规的接地桩，或φ33x4.5 长 1.5m 钢 管，或 L70x70 长 1.5m的角钢。 图 1-2-14(a) B、接地板用钢板或其他可延金属板制作，面积为 1m2， 立埋距地面 1.5m 深处。 图 1-2-14(b) C、截面≥28 mm2 的铜导体或截面≥50 mm2 的铁导体 埋于线槽内，其埋入长度由地电阻情况确定。 图 1-2-14(c) 在上述三种方式中，接地体引出铜导线截面积应≥25mm2，若土壤导电不良，可 在土中埋入氯化钠（食盐）然后灌水。 对于行走式塔机，每节钢轨间必须进行 电气连接，两段钢轨也应电气连接，接地电阻≤4Ω 。 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A21 AB C C AB 图 1-2-15 每根轨必须接地。轨道间应用导线连接。如图 1-2-16 (b) 和 1-2-16 (c)。 C— 接地棒 D— 接地板 E— 埋导线 注 ：用螺栓连接的导线必须有一个端头。如图 1-2-16 (d) . 图 1-2-16 (a) 不好 (b) 好 (c) 好 (d) ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A22 三、固定底座 1．准备条件： 用户自己负责安装固定式底脚，固定角钢的受力尺寸特性及固定角钢在混凝 土里的安装都在下页表里给出。 表中所列的数值是满足塔机稳定性所需的最小值。 2．如何选用混凝土块基础 对于最终达到的塔机高度以及每一种塔机机型来说，采用何种混凝土块为 最好，常视现场条件，地面压力来决定根据塔机高度选用混凝土块，该塔机对地 面压力均应等于或小于现场地面所承受的压力。详见附表。 安装固定角钢 固定角钢安装不恰当会使塔机出现严重事故，（如塔身节不垂直，不能保持 水平等）。 混凝土块的制作 必须保证满足各种情况下所需的最大压力。 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A23 1 . 6 m 力一反力 C： 塔身节组成（固定式） R： 支座反力 H： 吊钩高度（米） TRACT： 拉力 P： 重量 COMP： 压力 M： 最大力矩 ES： 工作状态 ET：剪力 HS： 非工作状态 表 1—3—1 E s H s R R C H P M ET TRACT COMP P M ET TRACT COMP m Kg Kg.m Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg.m Kg Kg Kg 1+0+1 8.8 51200 98596 1631 33740 59340 41200 72760 3988 24045 44645 1+1+1 11.8 52350 102842 1764 35457 61632 42350 72760 4413 23757 44932 1+2+1 14.8 53500 107486 1897 37362 64112 43500 72760 4838 23470 45220 1+2+1 17.8 54650 112529 2030 39455 66780 44650 72760 6013 23182 45507 1+4+1 20.8 55800 117970 2162 41736 69636 45800 72760 6438 22895 45795 1+5+1 23.8 56770 123571 2284 4437 72522 46770 72760 6827 22652 46037 1+6+1 26.8 57740 129537 2406 46711 75581 47740 72760 7362 22410 46280 1+7+6 29.8 58710 135868 2527 49457 78812 48710 84478 7897 27699 52054 1+8+1 32.8 59680 142563 2649 52374 82214 49680 108852 8432 38962 63802 1+9+1 35.8 60650 149623 2770 55464 85789 50650 134832 8967 50982 76307 1+10+1 38.8 61620 157047 2892 58727 89537 51620 162415 9502 63760 89570 1+11+1 41.8 62590 164837 3013 62161 93456 52590 191603 10036 77295 103590 1+12+1 44.8 63560 172990 3135 65767 97547 53560 222395 10571 91588 118363 1+13+1 1+14+1 1+15+1 1+16+1 1+17+1 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A24 2 m 力一反力 C： 塔身节组成（固定式） R： 支座反力 H： 吊钩高度（米） TRACT： 拉力 P： 重量 COMP： 压力 M： 最大力矩 ES： 工作状态 ET：剪力 HS： 非工作状态 表 1—3—2 E s H s R R C H P M ET TRACT COMP P M ET TRACT COMP m Kg Kg.m Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg.m Kg Kg Kg 1+0+1 8.8 54130 99376 1831 23725 50790 44130 72760 4628 16246 38311 1+1+1 11.8 55710 103850 1989 25008 52863 45710 72760 5133 15851 38706 1+2+1 14.8 57290 108799 2147 26468 55113 47290 72760 5638 15456 39101 1+3+1 17.8 58770 114071 2295 28075 57460 48770 72760 6862 15086 39471 1+4+1 20.8 60250 119786 2443 29848 59973 50250 72760 7335 14716 39841 1+5+1 23.8 61730 125946 2591 31787 62652 51730 72760 7809 14346 40211 1+6+1 26.8 63210 132550 2759 33893 65498 53210 72760 8460 13976 40581 1+7+1 29.8 64690 139597 2887 36165 68510 54690 98036 9111 23083 50428 1+8+1 32.8 66170 147088 3034 38604 71689 56170 125913 9762 33165 61250 1+9+1 35.8 67650 155023 3182 41209 75034 57650 155742 10413 43979 72804 1+10+1 38.8 69130 163402 3330 43981 78546 59130 197525 11063 55525 85090 1+11+1 41.8 70610 172225 3478 46918 82223 60610 221261 11714 67803 98108 1+12+1 44.8 72090 181491 3626 50023 86068 62090 256949 12365 80814 111859 1+13+1 47.8 73570 191201 3774 53293 90078 63570 294591 13016 94556 126341 1+14+1 50.8 75050 201356 3922 56730 94255 65050 334185 13667 109031 141556 1+15+1 53.8 76530 211954 4070 60334 98599 66530 375732 14318 124238 157503 1+16+1 56.8 78010 222996 4218 64104 103109 68010 419233 14969 140178 174183 1+17+1 59.8 79490 234481 4366 68040 107785 69490 464685 15620 156849 191594 ST60/15 塔式起重机安装使用 1A25 3．地面压力及混凝土块的选择 C: 塔身节组成（固定式） H: 吊钩高度（米） PS: 地面压力 ( 公斤 / 厘米 2 ) M: 混凝土块型号 表 1—3—3 1.6 m 2 m M52N M64N M74N M81N M101N M81N M101N M142N M126N M169NC H m P S P S P S P S P S H m P S P S P S P S P S 1+0+1 8.8 1.61 1.34 1.22 0.97 8.8 1.24 0.99 1.07 0.90 0.86 1+1+1 11.8 1.68 1.38 1.26 1.00 11.8 1.28 1.02 1.08 0.86 0.88 1+2+1 1