unit 10 A Debt to Dickens（课堂PPT）

Unit10ADebttoDickensQuote(MarkTwainThemanwhodoesnotreadgoodbookshasnoadvantageoverthemanwhocannotreadthem.Warming-upquestionsWhatdoyouknowaboutDickens?Andhisbooks?whatisyourfavoritebook?Andwhy?MainideaTheauthorfirsttellsusaboutthemostindelibleexperiencesshewentthroughwhenlivinganisolatedlifeasachildintheremoteCcountryside.Next,shedescribesandrelateshowshediscoveredandreadanddigestedD’snovels.Then,ithighlightsthewaysinwhichthewriterbenefitedimmenselyfromD.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?TheauthorisimmenselygratefultoC.D.,forshehasbeenenlightenedagreatdealbyhim.D’snovels,dealingwithreallifeandpeopleandexploringsignificantandpermanenttopics,constitutearewardingheritageofmankind.Theyarewellworthreadingandstudying.StructuralanalysisPartI:1:partII:2-3PartIII:4-6PartIV:7PartI:1ItintroducesthesettingandtherelationshipbetweenthewriterandCharlesDickens.render:v.givesth.tosb.ordosth.,becauseitisyourdutyorbecausesb.expectsyouto我们有义务帮助需要帮助的人们。Itisanobligationofourstorenderassistancetothoseinneed.rendering:n.inestimable:adj.toogreat,precious,etc.tobeestimated你的建议对我们非常有用。Youradvicehasbeenofinestimablevaluetous.你对我们的帮助是无法估量的。Thevalueofyourassistanceisinestimable.obligation:n.sth.thatmustbedonebecauseofadutyorpromise随便逛逛，不买没关系。Youcanlookaroundtheshopwithnoobligationtobuy.obligation:n.我们参加那个聚会是迫于义务，而并无别的原因。Weattendedthepartymoreoutofasenseofobligationthananythingelse.oblige:v.obliged:adj.Obligationn.underan~(to):havingaduty(to)养不教，父之过。Fathersareunderalegalobligationtoeducatetheirchildren.Obligationn.每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供自己的收入详情。Everyonehasalegal~tofurnishthetaxofficewithdetailsoftheirearnings.MydebtistoanEnglishman,wholongagoin…asmallAmericanchild.(1p/t)IcherishthefeelingofwarmgratitudetowardsanEnglishman,whodidaninvaluableservicetoasmallA.childalongtimeagoinC.我亏欠了一个英国人的恩情，很久以前在中国，他为一个美国小女孩提供了无价的帮助。Iknownobetterwaytomeetmyobligation…Americanchild.(1p)AsfarasIcansee,thebestwaytoexpressmywarmgratitudetoC.D.istoputinblackandwhitetheinestimableserviceherenderedinC.toanA.child.partII:2-3ThewriterrecallsherisolatedchildhoodlifeinaremoteChinesecountryside,herunpleasantexperiencesandthepainfulfeelingshehadbecauseshewasaforeigner.solitary:adj.spendingalotoftimealone;doingsth.withoutanycompanion山上光秃秃的只有一棵树。Onesolitarytreegrewonthemountainside.Pandasaresolitarycreatures.Missionn.3[cn,un]theworkofteachingpeopleaboutChristianity,esp,inaforeigncountry;agroupofpeopledoingsuchwork传教aCatholicmissioninAfricaGandhi'sattitudetomissionandconversionBungalown.Perchv.[vi]perch(onsth)tobeplacedonthetoportheedgeofsth那些石头房子坐落在山顶上。Thestonebuildingsperchonahillcrest.First,youmustpicturetoyourselfthatchild,living…below.(2T)首先，你脑海中会想到一个孤独的孩子，她独自一个人在遥远的中国乡村。她的家是个传教士的小棚子，坐落在山谷一片稻田上的小山上。Themodalverbmustinthissentenceindicatesanadviceorrecommendationtoreaders.Theadj.“solitary”functionsassubjectcomplement,tellingreadersthatthechildwaslonelywhenlivinginaremoteChinesecountryside.Sinisteradj.seemingevilordangerous;makingyouthinksthbadwillhappen不必猜她的所作所为有邪恶的动机。Weneedn'tassumethattherewasasinistermotiveforwhatshedid.Muddyadj.treacherous:adj.dangerous,esp.whenseemingtobesafe湖面上的冰很危险，并不像看起来那样厚。Theiceonthelakeistreacherous,notasstrongorthickasitlooks.linger:v.stayforalongtimeandbereluctanttoleave演唱会后她不肯走，想遇到明星。Shelingeredaftertheconcert,hopingtomeetthestar.Collocation:lingerlingerabout/around/on病痛持续了好几个星期。Thepainlingeredonforweeks.事情过去了，但人们对此记忆犹新。Theeventisover,butthememorylingerson.Splashv./sprinkleSplashv.[vt.]tomakesb/sthwetbymakingwater,mud,etc.fallonthem/itsplashsthon/onto/oversb/sth她往他脸上洒了一杯酒。Shesplashedaglassofwineonhisface.Splashv.splashsb/sthwithsth伊利莎白的衣服上溅满了泥巴。Elizabeth’sclothesweresplashedwithmud.splashsb/sth浇水不要浇叶子。Trynottosplashtheleaveswhenyouwatertheplant.Shelingeredbesidevillagesofboat…shallowerwaters.(2p/t)Shestayednearvillagesoffishermenandtheirfamilies,reluctanttoleave.Shewitnessedhowtheylived.Shesawtheirbabiesfastenedwitharopeandsittingorstandingintheshallowerwatersandplayingwithwater.Shelingeredbesidevillagesofboat…shallowerwaters.(2p/t)她流连于渔民聚集的村落，观看他们的生活，许多婴儿都用绳子系着在浅滩里戏水。Watersn.amassofwaterinariver,lake,etc这个湖泊的水通过一个大瀑布流出。Thewatersofthelakeflowoutoveralargewaterfall.alien:adj.strange她在同事中是个异数。Sheisanalienamongthecolleagues.alienate:valiento:verydifferentinnatureorcharacter,esp.sodifferentastocausedislikeoropposition他们的想法跟我们完全不同。Theirideasarequitealientoourwayofthinking.Earthenadj.earthwareShewanderedsmallandalienamongthefarmfolk(2p/t)Shewalkedamongthefarmingpeople.Asasmallchildwhoseparentswerefromanalienland,shewasstrangeandforeigntothelocalfarmers.她，一个外国小孩，漫无目标地游走在村民中Threshv.Moreoftenthannot:“veryfrequently;usually”.春节期间火车总是很挤。MoreoftenthannotthetrainsarecrowdedduringtheSpringFestival.下雾的时候，公交总是迟到。Whenitisfoggy,thebusesarelatemoreoftenthannot.Howeverkindlythepeopleabouthermightbe,…tothem.(3p/t)Howeverkindlyandfriendlythepeoplearoundhermightbe,andtheywereveryoftenkindindeed,sheknewshewasalientothem.无论周围的人们对她多友善，他们通常对她的确相当的友善，她知道自己对于他们仍是外国人。Andshewonderedverymuchabouther…played.(3p)Shewishedverymuchtoknowaboutotherchildrenofherownculture;shewasanxioustoknowtheirwhereaboutsandtheirappearancesandthewaytheyplayed.heed:n.Attentionpayheedto你得注意医生的建议。Youshouldpaymuchheedtothedoctor’sadvice.heed:n.takeheed(ofsth.)谨记这番告诫。Takeheedofthesewarnings.heed:vt&vi(to).heedful:adj.heedless:adj.theyweretoobusytopaymuchheed…ofthings.(3p/t)Asherparentsweresomuchpreoccupiedwiththeirownworkthattheypaidlittleattentiontoher,sheoftenwalkedaboutslowlyandaimlessly,observingandgettingtoknowallkindsofthings.theyweretoobusytopaymuchheed…ofthings.(3p/t)他们太忙以至于不能很好地关心她，因此她常常四处徘徊，观看和学习各种各样的事物。Shelongedverymuch,Icanremember,…hadthem.(3p/t)It’sstillclearinmymindthatshewantedverymuchtoplaywithsomeotherchildrenlikeher.Butshehadnoneofthemtoplaywith.我记得她很渴望能和一群像她一样的孩子游戏，但她却从来没有这样的玩伴。partIII:4-6Thewriternarratesanddescribesherexperiencesasavoraciousreader.isolate:v.Separate科学家们已分离出引起这种流行病的病毒。Scientistshaveisolatedtheviruscausingtheepidemic.isolatevs.insulateinsulate:protectsb./sth.fromtheunpleasanteffectsofsth.Childrenarecarefullyfromharmfulexperiences"Ithatapplebecauseithadfruitfliesinit".(separationvs.protection)IisolatedthatmeatfromtherestbecauseIthinkitmightberotten.I~dthepatientbecausetheyhadaninfectiousdisease.Iisolatedthatgroupofchildrenfromtherestbecausetheywerebehavingbadly.Iinsulatedthefreezerboxtokeepthebeercoldforlonger.Iinsulatedthehousewellbecauseitgetsverycoldhereinwinter".Theelectricalcableisinsulatedsothatyoudon’tgetelectrocutedExtraordinaryadj.notnormalorordinary;greaterorbetterthanusual居里夫人是个非凡的女性。MadameCuriewasatrulyextraordinarywoman.Theywenttoextraordinarylengthstoexplaintheirbehavior.Tothissmallisolatedcreature…extraordinaryaccident.(4p/t)Oneday,sthquiteunusualhappenedtothislittlelonelygirl.有一天，这个孤独的小女孩遇到了件不平常的事。Shewasanimpossiblyvoraciousreader.(4p/t)Shehadanunbelievablystrongappetiteforreading.对于读书，她的贪婪难以想象。voracious:adj.havinganextremelystrongdesiretodoorhavealotofsth.青少年胃口都很好。Teenagersusuallyhave~appetites.她特别喜欢看传记。Sheisa~readerofbiographies.voracity:n.Plutarch46-120A.D.《希腊罗马名人传》（Plutarch’sLives）RomanessayistwritinginGreekBiographer(SimaQian)JohnFoxe(1517-1587)Martyrs:ActsandMonumentsareconceptualisationofthehistoryofEnglandandaportraitoftheEnglishchurchanelectpeoplewhosehistoryofsufferinganddedicationtothepurefaithJonathanEdwards1703-1758widelyacknowledgedtobeAmerica'smostimportantandoriginalphilosophicaltheologiantheabsolutesovereigntyofGodthebeautyofGod'sholinessAlfredTennyson:1809-1892PoetLaureateoftheUKduringmuchofQueenVictoria'sreignoneofthemostpopularpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.IdyllsoftheKing<国王叙事诗>ULYSESS尤利西斯BrowningRobert1812-1889/Elizabeth1806-1861VictorianpoetThenonedayshelookeddoubtfullyatalongrow…highshelf.(4p/t)Thenonedayshestaredatalongrowofdark-coloredbluebooksonaveryhighshelf,askingherselfwhatkindofbookstheywere.有一天她满脸疑惑地盯着一排放在高书架上的深蓝色书本。Desperateadj.你有水吗？我很想喝点。Haveyougotsomewater?I’mdesperateforadrink.我很想见到她。I’mdesperatetoseeher.somber:(BrE:sombre)adj.dark-colored她喜欢穿深色的衣服。Shepreferstowearsomberclothes.Stooln.Bindingn.OliverTwist1838Householdn.allthepeoplelivingtogetherinahouseorflat/apartmentlow-income/one-parent,etc.householdstheheadofthehousehold家长Indefatigableadj.nevergivinguporgettingtiredofdoingsomethinganindefatigabledefenderofhumanrights执着的人权斗士她孜孜不倦地追求真理。Shewasindefatigableinhersearchforthetruth.peril:n.seriousdanger,esp.ofdeath;adangerousthingorcircumstance这些鸟能在北极的严冬中生存。ThesebirdsareabletosurvivetheperilsoftheArcticwinter.perilous:adj.atone’speril:withariskofharmtooneself(usedespwhenadvisingsb.nottodosth.)这辆自行车没闸--你要骑可太危险了.Thebicyclehasnobrakesyourideitatyourperil.inperilofone’slife:indangerofdeathinperil=ingreatdanger科学家们正与时间竞赛拯救处于危险之中的动物。Scientistsareracingagainsttimetosavetheanimalsinperil.人类捕猎使野生动物处于危险之中。Humanbeing’shuntingputwildanimalsinperil.descend:vi&vt.comeorgodown;leaddownwardsThesundescendedbehindthehills.我将按照重要的程度先后谈这几点。Iwanttotalkaboutallthesepointsindescendingorderofimportance.descendant:n.descended:adj.descend:v.descendon/upon:(ofagroupofpeople)toattack;toarrive,esp.inlargenumbers,tovisitorstaywith,oftenunexpectedly.游击队袭击了敌人。Theguerrillasdescendedontheenemy.descend:v.descendto:toloweroneselfto她怎么会堕落到偷窃的?Howcomeshehasdescendedtostealing?Pantryn.Makeoffvp.tohurryaway,esp.inordertoescapemakeoffwithsthtostealsomethingandhurryawaywithitVerandan.balcony-asmallexternalspaceenteredfromaroomabovegroundveranda-alargecoveredareaattachedtothesideofabuildingintendedtobeusedaslivingspacewithoutsolidwallsagile:adj.abletomovequicklyandeasily猴子很敏捷，所以会把敏捷的人跟猴子作比较。Monkeysareagile,hencetheidiom“asagileasamonkey”.agility:n.Heritagen.thehistory,traditionsandqualitiesthatacountryorsocietyhashadformanyyearsandthatareconsideredanimportantpartofitscharacter中国丰富的文化遗产China'srichculturalheritagerouse:v.(fml)waken王子唤醒了沉睡的睡美人。Theprincerousedthesleepingbeautyfrom/outofadeepsleep.演讲者试图让听众行动起来。Thespeakertriedtorousehislistenerstoaction.rouse:v.rousefrom/outof他的母亲试图使他从消极的状态中振作起来Hismotherendeavoredtorousehimfromthispassivestate.他是个不容易动怒的人。He'snoteasily~dtoanger.   Dazedadj.unabletothinkclearly,esp.becauseofashockorbecauseyouhavebeenhitonthehead头被撞了一下，Jimmy还是很晕。Jimmywasstilldazedbytheblowtohishead.Streamv.[vi&vt.](ofliquidorgas)tomoveorpouroutinacontinuousflow;toproduceacontinuousflowofliquidorgas她泪如泉涌。Tearsstreamedoutofhereyes.Streamv.我喜欢冬日暖暖的阳光透过窗户射到床上。Inwinter,Ilikethewarmsunlightstreamthroughthewindowsontomybed.burningtoknowmore(5)wantingtofindoutsthverymuchbeburningtodosth.wretched:adj.veryunhappy,miserableorpitiable;causingunhappinessormisery他重感冒在床，感觉很可怜。Heisinbedwithabadcold,feelingratherwretched.wretched:adj.我因不得不让她失望而深感懊丧。Ifeelwretchedabouthavingtodisappointher.那孩子真讨人嫌，为什么他就不能规规矩矩的呢？Whycan’tthatwretchedchildbehavehimself?indecision:n.hesitation;thestateofbeingunabletomakeadecision她站在屋外，犹豫不决，非常苦恼。Shewasstandingoutsidethehouseinanagonyofindecision.indecision:n.关键时刻，我们当毅然采取行动，而非犹豫不前。Atacriticalmoment,weshouldactdecisivelyinsteadofbeingseizedwithindecision.indecisive:adj.…,Iwaswretchedwithindecision.(5p/t)...,IfeltunhappybecauseIwasunabletodecidewhetherIshouldreaditallstraightoveragainorpickoutanewbooktoread.……,犹豫不决真让我苦恼。resolve:v.determine;makeadecision委员会决议任命新的书记。Thecommitteeresolvedonappointinganewsecretary.她一旦决心做什么，谁也别想让她改变主意。Onceshehasresolvedondoingit,youwon’tgethertochangehermind.resolve:v.他决心要努力学习。Heresolvedtoworkharder.参议院以七十票对三十票通过决议同意总统的预算草案。TheSenateresolved,by70votesto30,toacceptthePresident’sbudgetproposals.Onhandavailable,especiallytohelp现有宴会的点心不够用。Thereweren'tenoughsnacksonhandfortheparty.我们现在没有人能修你的车。Wehavenobodyonhandtorepairyourcar.Sotospeakusedwhenyouaresayingsth.inwordsthatdonothavetheirusualmeaning；amannerofspeaking;figurativelyspeaking可以说，我们还没清醒过来。Westilldon’thaveourheadsabovewater,sotospeak.Sotospeak可以说，人的一生都在追求美好的生活。Thewholeoflife,sotospeak,isinvolvedinthepursuitofthegoodlife.Sotospeak人类社会的历史可以说就是人类不断追求和实现自由的历史。Thehistoryofmankindhasbeen,sotospeak,afreedomseekingandrealizinghistory.Feelathome尽管我以前从未在银行工作过，但我觉得在银行工作非常舒适自在。AlthoughI’veneverworkedforabankbefore,Ifeelquiteathomethere.…,andafterthatIstillkeptaDickens…athomeagain.(6p/t)...,fromthenonIalmostalwayshadaDickensbookwithineasyreachtoreadandfeelmyselfcomfortablybackoncemoreonfamiliarterritory.…,andafterthatIstillkeptaDickens…athomeagain.(6p/t)从那以后，我仍然将一本狄更斯的书带在身边，可以说，这让我沉浸在一种身处家乡的舒适感受中。TodayIhaveforhimafeelingwhichIhavefor…children.(6t)如今，我对他有着对其他人无法比拟的感情。他让我睁开了双眼，开始了解他人。他教导我热爱所有人，无论高低贵贱、年长年幼Hypocrisyn.behaviorinwhichsbpretendstohavemoralstandardsoropinionsthattheydonotactuallyhave虚伪他谴责了说一套做一套的政治家们。Hecondemnedthehypocrisyofthosepoliticianswhodoonethingandsayanother.Piousadj.(disapproving)pretendingtobereligious,moralorgoodinordertoimpressotherpeople假装虔诚的~sentimentsHedismissedhiscriticsaspiousdo-gooders.Mouthv.Whenusedasaverb,itisusu.derogatory.Tosaysththatyoudon'treallybelieveoryoudon’tunderstand.他们是口号党。They'rejustmouthingemptyslogans.Unctuousadj.friendlyorgivingpraiseinawaythatisnotsincere,unpleasant过了一会，佩克姆将军装出一副和蔼可亲的神情微微一笑，又活跃起来。GeneralPeckemrousedhimselfafteramomentwithanunctuousandbenignantsmile.Hetaughtmetohatehypocrisyandpious…words.(6p/t)Hetaughtmetohateboththeactofpretendingtobeverygoodandinsincereearnestness.他教导我憎恨伪善、口蜜腹剑。Gruffadj.unfriendlyandimpatient粗暴的；生硬的虽然他看起来粗鲁，却是心地善良。Beneathhisgruffexterior,he'sreallyverykind-hearted.Despisev.Lookdownupon；todislikeandhavenorespectforsb/sth讨厌自己这么胆小，不敢说出真相。Hedespisedhimselffordaringnottovoicethetruth.Grubv.~(around/about)(forsth)tolookforsth,esp.bydiggingorbylookingthroughorunderotherthingschickensgrubbingforwormsgrubsomethingup/outtodigsomethingoutoftheground过去几年，因为地铁南京好多树被挖掉了。Inthepastfewyears,manytreeshavebeengrubbeduptomakewayforthesubways.Sentimentaladj.Peopletodaysayheisobvious…analysisofcharacter.(6t)今天的人们都说他对人物性格的分析过于浅显、感情用事并且简单幼稚。Undilutedadj.notmixedorcombinedwithanythingandthereforeverystrong回忆那段往事，我的快乐没有丝毫削减。Ilookedbackonthatperiodoftimewithundilutedpleasure.Ihavefoundpeoplesurprisinglylikewhathewrote…moremixed(6t)奇怪的是，人们很喜爱他笔下的人物—好人也许不是那么纯粹的好，坏人也不是那么一味的坏。zest:n.afeelingofbeingenthusiastic,eager,excited,interested,etc.她对生活热情未减。Her~forlifeisasgreatasever.他热情地加入了我们Heenteredintoourplanswithterrific~.zestful:adjPartIV:7ThewriterhighlightsDickens’greatinfluenceuponher.Q:Howisthefirstparagraphassociatedwiththelastone?Inthefirstpara.thewritermakesitclearthatshehasowedC.D.,aheavydebtbyreadinghisnovels.AndtheonlywaytohonorhimistowritedownwhatC.D.,didforher.Inthelastpara.,shesaysshewasdeeplyinfluencedbyhim.(echo)