Unit 10 The Transaction综合教程三

Unit1Unit10TheTransactionWatchthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.WhatdoesMr.Keatingaskstudentstodo?2.Whatisthepurposeofhisdoingso?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationHeasksstudentstoriptheintroductionpartofthepoetrytextbook.Hisintentionistodevelopthestudents’abilityofindependentthinkingwhichisquiteimportantinliteraturestudy.Hebelievesthatwordsandideascanchangetheworld.Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationMr.Keating:Goon.Ripitout.ThankyouMr.Dalton.Gentlemen,tellyouwhat,don’tjusttearoutthatpage,tearouttheentireintroduction.Iwantitgone,history.Leavenothingofit.Ripitout.Rip!BegoneJ.EvansPritchard,Ph.D.Rip.Shred.Tear.Ripitout!IwanttohearnothingbutrippingofMr.Pritchard.We’llperforateit,putitonaroll.It’snottheBible.You’renotgoingtogotohellforthis.Goon.Makeacleantear.Iwantnothingleftofit.Cameron:Weshouldn’tbedoingthis.Neil:Rip!Rip!Rip!Mr.Keating:Ripitout!Rip!McAllister:Whatthehellisgoingonhere?Mr.Keating:Idon’thearenoughrips.VideoScript1AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationFromDeadPoetsSocietyVideoScript2AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationMcAllister:Mr.Keating.Mr.Keating:Mr.McAllister.McAllister:I’msorry,I—Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.Mr.Keating:Iam.McAllister:Ah,soyouare.Excuseme.Mr.Keating:Keeprippinggentlemen.Thisisabattle,awar.Andthecasualtiescouldbeyourheartsandsouls.ThankyouMr.Dalton.Armiesofacademicsgoingforward,measuringpoetry.No,wewillnothavethathere.NomoreofMr.J.EvansPritchard.Nowinmyclassyouwilllearntothinkforyourselvesagain.Youwilllearntosavorwordsandlanguage.Nomatterwhatanybodytellsyou,wordsandideascanchangetheworld.Manyphilosophersandwriterswouldliketoexpresstheirphilosophicideasthroughtheformofdialogue.AndoneimportanttheoristmakinggreatcontributioninclarifyingthefunctionofdialogicthinkingisMikhailBakhtin.1.TheImportanceofDialogueCulturalinformation1AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformation1)Self-otherrelationship—“other”playsakeyroleinunderstanding:Inordertounderstand,itisimmenselyimportantforthepersonwhounderstandstobelocatedoutsidetheobjectofhisorhercreativeunderstanding—intime,inspace,inculture.—MikhailBakhtin(fromNewYorkReviewofBooks,June10,1993)Culturalinformation2AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformation2)Polyphony(manyvoices)—singlevoiceisnotthecarrieroftruth:Truthisanumberofmutuallyaddressed,albeitcontradictoryandlogicallyinconsistentstatements.Truthneedsamultitudeofcarryingvoices.Culturalinformation2AudiovisualSupplementCulturalInformationThetextopenswithtwowritersansweringstudents’questionsabouthowtowriteindialogue,showingsharpcontrastsfromvariousaspects.Bysummarizingdifferentmethodsinwriting,thetextlateronpointsoutthatevenwithdiversityanddifferentiation,thecommongroundofanywritingisthesame.ManyrenownedphilosophersandwriterssuchasPlatoandOscarWildeexpressedtheirphilosophicideasintheformofdialoguewheredifferentaspectsoftruthwerebetterpresented.Throughdialoguebetweenpeopleonanequalfooting,wegettherevelationthatdifferent,sometimesevenseeminglycontradictoryelements,canco-existsoharmoniouslywithintherangeofonetruth.Humanbeingshaveaninclinationtolookattheworldfromaself-centeredGlobalReading-StructuralanalysisStructuralAnalysisTextAnalysisperspective,anditwillresultinanillusionfarfromtruth.Therefore,itisimportantforonetotryhisbesttotrainhismindfromanearlytimeinhislifetotolerateotherpeople’sopinionsoftheworldbecausesuchdifferentunderstandingoflifehelpsonebetterpursuethetruth.GlobalReading-StructuralanalysisStructuralAnalysisTextAnalysisStructuralanalysisThefirstpart(Paragraphs1-17)isdevotedtoanswersgivenbytwowriterstothestudents’questions.Thesecondpart(Paragraphs18-22)isageneralizationoftheessenceofwriting.1)Intermsoforganization,thearticleclearlyfallsintotwomainparts:2)Inordertodeliverthesharpdifferencesintheanswersofthetwowritersinthefirstpart,theauthorusesShortparagraphsandtherepetitionof“hesaid…”and“ThenIsaid…”Therhetoricaltrickofcontrast“Thewordsjustflowed.Itwaseasy.”(Paragraph3)vs.“Itwashardandlonely,andthewordsseldomjustflowed.”(Paragraph4)e.g.StructuralAnalysisTextAnalysisStructuralanalysisAdvantageofsuchrhetorictechnique:someknowledgeofdifferentandevenconflictingideashelpsonetogaingreaterthinkingpowerandacquireabroadervision.3)Thediversityofthewritingmethodsinthesecondpartisexpressedbytheparalleluseof“some…”and“others…”Somepeoplewritebyday,othersbynight.Somepeopleneedsilence,othersturnontheradio.(Paragraph18)e.g.4)ThetransitionparagraphfromthespecificexamplestogeneraldiscussionofthetopicisParagraph17;Theshiftfromthediversitytothecommonalitysharedbyallwritersisrealizedwithtwowords“Butall”inthebeginningofParagraph19.StructuralAnalysisTextAnalysisDetailedreading1DetailedReadingTheTransactionWilliamZinsser1AbouttenyearsagoaschoolinConnecticutheld“adaydevotedtothearts,”andIwasaskedifIwouldcomeandtalkaboutwritingasavocation.WhenIarrivedIfoundthatasecondspeakerhadbeeninvited—Dr.Brock(asI’llcallhim),asurgeonwhohadrecentlybeguntowriteandhadsoldsomestoriestonationalmagazines.Hewasgoingtotalkaboutwritingasanavocation.Thatmadeusapanel,andwesatdowntofaceacrowdofstudentnewspapereditors,Englishteachersandparents,alleagertolearnthesecretsofourglamorouswork.Detailedreading2-52Dr.Brockwasdressedinabrightredjacket,lookingvaguelybohemian,asauthorsaresupposedtolook,andthefirstquestionwenttohim.Whatwasitliketobeawriter?3Hesaiditwastremendousfun.Cominghomefromanarduousdayatthehospital,hewouldgostraighttohisyellowpadandwritehistensionsaway.Thewordsjustflowed.Itwaseasy.4Ithensaidthatwritingwasn’teasyanditwasn’tfun.Itwashardandlonely,andthewordsseldomjustflowed.5NextDr.Brockwasaskedifitwasimportanttorewrite.“Absolutelynot,”hesaid.“Letitallhangout,andwhateverformthesentencestakewillreflectthewriterathismostnatural.”DetailedReadingDetailedreading6-86Ithensaidthatrewritingistheessenceofwriting.Ipointedoutthatprofessionalwritersrewritetheirsentencesrepeatedlyandthenrewritewhattheyhaverewritten.ImentionedthatE.B.WhiteandJamesThurberrewrotetheirpieceseightorninetimes.7“Whatdoyoudoondayswhenitisn’tgoingwell?”Dr.Brockwasasked.Hesaidhejuststoppedwritingandputtheworkasideforadaywhenitwouldgobetter.8Ithensaidthattheprofessionalwritermustestablishadailyscheduleandsticktoit.Isaidthatwritingisacraft,notanart,andthatthemanwhorunsawayfromhiscraftbecausehelacksinspirationisfoolinghimself.Heisalsogoingbroke.DetailedReadingDetailedreading9-139“Whatifyou’refeelingdepressedorunhappy?”astudentasked.“Won’tthataffectyourwriting?”10Probablyitwill,Dr.Brockreplied.Gofishing.Takeawalk.11Probablyitwon’t,Isaid.Ifyourjobistowriteeveryday,youlearntodoitlikeanyotherjob.12Astudentaskedifwefounditusefultocirculateintheliteraryworld.Dr.Brocksaidthathewasgreatlyenjoyinghisnewlifeasamanofletters,andhetoldseveralstoriesofbeingtakentolunchbyhispublisherandhisagentatchicManhattanrestaurantswherewritersandeditorsgather.Isaidthatprofessionalwritersaresolitarydrudgeswhoseldomseeotherwriters.13“Doyouputsymbolisminyourwriting?”astudentaskedme.DetailedReadingDetailedreading14-1614“NotifIcanhelpit,”Ireplied.Ihaveanunbrokenrecordofmissingthedeepermeaninginanystory,playormovie,andasfordanceandmime,Ihaveneverhadevenaremotenotionofwhatisbeingconveyed.15“Ilovesymbols!”Dr.Brockexclaimed,andhedescribedwithgustothejoysofweavingthemthroughhiswork.16Sothemorningwent,anditwasarevelationtoallofus.AttheendDr.Brocktoldmehewasenormouslyinterestedinmyanswers—ithadneveroccurredtohimthatwritingcouldbehard.ItoldhimIwasjustasinterestedinhisanswers—ithadneveroccurredtomethatwritingcouldbeeasy.(MaybeIshouldtakeupsurgeryontheside.)DetailedReadingDetailedreading17-1817Asforthestudents,anyonemightthinkweleftthembewildered.Butinfactweprobablygavethemabroaderglimpseofthewritingprocessthanifonlyoneofushadtalked.Forofcoursethereisn’tany“right”waytodosuchintenselypersonalwork.Thereareallkindsofwritersandallkindsofmethods,andanymethodthathelpspeopletosaywhattheywanttosayistherightmethodforthem.18Somepeoplewritebyday,othersbynight.Somepeopleneedsilence,othersturnontheradio.Somewritebyhand,somebytypewriterorwordprocessor,somebytalkingintoataperecorder.Somepeoplewritetheirfirstdraftinonelongburstandthenrevise;otherscan’twritethesecondparagraphuntiltheyhavefiddledendlesslywiththefirst.DetailedReadingDetailedreading19-2019Butallofthemarevulnerableandallofthemaretense.Theyaredrivenbyacompulsiontoputsomepartofthemselvesonpaper,andyettheydon’tjustwritewhatcomesnaturally.Theysitdowntocommitanactofliterature,andtheselfwhoemergesonpaperisafarstifferpersonthantheonewhosatdown.Theproblemistofindtherealmanorwomanbehindallthetension.20Forultimatelytheproductthatanywriterhastosellisnotthesubjectbeingwrittenabout,butwhoheorsheis.IoftenfindmyselfreadingwithinterestaboutatopicIneverthoughtwouldinterestme—someunusualscientificquest,forinstance.Whatholdsmeistheenthusiasmofthewriterforhisfield.Howwashedrawnintoit?Whatemotionalbaggagedidhebringalong?DetailedReadingDetailedreading21Howdiditchangehislife?It’snotnecessarytowanttospendayearaloneatWaldenPondtobecomedeeplyinvolvedwithawriterwhodid.21Thisisthepersonaltransactionthat’sattheheartofgoodnonfictionwriting.Outofitcometwoofthemostimportantqualitiesthatthisbookwillgoinsearchof:humanityandwarmth.Goodwritinghasanalivenessthatkeepsthereaderreadingfromoneparagraphtothenext,andit’snotaquestionofgimmicksto“personalize”theauthor.It’saquestionofusingtheEnglishlanguageinawaythatwillachievethegreateststrengthandtheleastclutter.22Cansuchprinciplesbetaught?Maybenot.Butmostofthemcanbelearned.DetailedReadingDoyouthinktheprocessoftheactivityiswithintheexpectationofboththespeakersandtheaudience?Detailedreading1--QuesionNo.Duetothedifferencesinthebackgroundofthetwospeakers,differentviewstowardsthetopicofwritingaresomewhatanticipated.Butthefactthattheiropinionsshouldbesoconflictingtoeachotherisasurprisetoboththespeakersandtheaudience.DetailedReadingWhatwouldbethepossibleresponseofthestudentsassuggestedbythewriter?Detailedreading17--QuesionThestudentsmighthaveabroaderglimpseofthewritingprocess.Theywouldrealizethattheremightbetotallydifferentwritersandmethodsofwritingandthemosteffectivemethodofwritingistheonethathelpsthewritertosaywhathewantstosay.DetailedReadingWhatdoesthewritermeanwhenhesaysthatallofthewritersare“vulnerableandtense”?Detailedreading19--Quesion“Vulnerable”referstothequalityofbeingsensitivetoallthestimulusinlife,and“tense”referstothesharpawarenessofexpressingnaturalfeelingsinanartisticway.DetailedReading1)Whatdoesthewriterthinkistheverythingthatmakesapieceofgoodwriting?Detailedreading21--QuesionAccordingtothewriter,it’stheexistenceofthepersonaltransactionthatmakesapieceofgoodwriting.Thewritershoulddevotegenuineemotionintheprocessofwritingandonlythuscanhearousetheexpectedresponseinhisreaders.DetailedReading2)Whatdoesthewritermeanthatsuchprinciplescannotbetaughtbutcanbelearned?Whatcanbetaughtinwritingisthewritingskills,butwritingskillsalonecannotmakeagreat,orevenagood,pieceofwriting.Thegenuineenthusiasmforartandsincereemotionfortheworld,whichareessentialtogoodwriting,canonlybelearnedbyheartandthroughone’slifeexperiences.Detailedreading21–ActivityClassActivityGroupdiscussion:Doyouenjoytheprocessofwriting?Doyouwritewiththeflowofthoughtorbasedoncarefulplanningandmeditation?Shareyourexperienceswithyouclassmates.Impromptuwriting:Usetenminutestowritewhateverinyourmindonapieceofpaperandreadthiswritingtotheclass.DetailedReadingbohemiana.Detailedreading2–bohemiane.g.bohemiancafesfrequentedbyartists,musicians,andactorsDetailedReadinghavingordenotingthequalitiesofapersonwithartisticorliteraryinterestswhodisregardsconventionalstandardsofbehaviorDetailedreading2--arduousarduousa.e.g.Afteralong,hot,andarduousjourneywefellasleepthemomentourheadstouchedthepillows.Theexperimentwasfarmorearduousthanmostofushadexpected.Antonym:facileDetailedReadinginvolvingstrenuouseffort,difficultandtiringcirculatev.Detailedreading1–circulate1Derivation:circulation(n.)e.g.Rumoursstartedtocirculateamongthevillagersaboutthecauseofhisdeathrightafterhedied.e.g.Thiskindofstampisnolongerincirculation.DetailedReadingmovearoundasocialfunctiontotalktodifferentpeople;movecontinuouslythroughaclosedsystemorareaDetailedreading1–symbolismDetailedReadingsymbolismn.Symbolismisanartisticandpoeticmovementorstyleusingsymbolicimagesandindirectsuggestiontoexpressmysticalideas,emotions,andstatesofmind.Itoriginatedinlate19th-centuryFranceandBelgium,flourishedalloverEurope,hadgreatinternationalimpact,andinfluenced20th-centuryartandliterature.Whatdoesthis?(symbol,symbolize)这个符号象征着什么？symbolize____________Practice:Derivation:symbol(n.),symbolic(a.),symbolize(v.)e.g.poetryfullofreligioussymbolismDetailedreading2–bewilderbewilderv.e.g.Hewasbewilderedbyhisdaughter’sreaction.Synonym:puzzle,perplex,confoundDetailedReadingcausesb.tobecomeperplexedandconfusedDetailedreading1–fiddleDetailedReadingCollocations:fiddlewithfiddleabout/arounde.g.Shesatinthecarandplayedtheradio,fiddlingwiththeknobs.fiddlev.tinkerwithsth.inanattempttomakeminoradjustmentsorimprovementse.g.Feelingnervouswhenfacingtheinterviewer,shefiddledwiththestringsofherpurse.e.g.Stopfiddlingaboutanddosomework.Detailedreading1–commit1DetailedReadingCollocations:commitsb./sth.tosth.:ordersb.tobeputinahospitalorprisone.g.Itwasdisclosedinthemediathatthisseniorofficialhadcommittedadulterywithseveralfemales.commitv.dosth.wrongorillegale.g.commitamantoprisone.g.Hehascommittedhimselftosupporthisbrother’schildren.commitsb./oneself(tosth./todoingsth.):saythatsb.willdefinitelydosth.ormustdosth.Detailedreading1–commit2DetailedReadingDerivation:commitment(n.):apromisetodosth.ortobehaveinaparticularwaye.g.thegovernment'scommitmenttopublicservicesDetailedreading3–Cominghomefroman…Cominghomefromanarduousdayatthehospital,hewouldgostraighttohisyellowpadandwritehistensionsaway.(Paragraph3)Paraphrase:Afterawholeday’sintenseworkatthehospital,hewouldgetridofhistensionsthroughwriting.DetailedReadingDetailedreading5–Letitall…“Letitallhangout,andwhateverformthesentencestakewillreflectthewriterathismostnatural.”(Paragraph5)Paraphrase:Letthewriterrelaxcompletelyandthesentenceshewriteswillshowthemostnaturalstateofhim.DetailedReadingDetailedreading14–Ihavean…Ihaveanunbrokenrecordofmissingthedeepermeaninginanystory,playormovie,andasfordanceandmime,Ihaveneverhadevenaremotenotionofwhatisbeingconveyed.(Paragraph14)Paraphrase:Ihavenearlyalwaysfailedtounderstandthehidden,implicitmeaningexpressedinanystory,playormovie,andIdonothavetheslightestideaofwhatisbeingconveyedindanceandmime.DetailedReadingDetailedreading16–MaybeIshould…MaybeIshouldtakeupsurgeryontheside.(Paragraph16)Paraphrase:PerhapsIshouldtakeupsurgeryasahobby.DetailedReadingDetailedreading19–Theysit…Theysitdowntocommitanactofliterature(paragraph19)Paraphrase:Theysitdowntodosomeliterarywriting.DetailedReadingConsolidationActivities-VocabularymainPhrasePracticeWordDerivationSynonym/AntonymVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar4)Thecellisttoldushisstoryofbeingtakentoconcertsandmusicasachild.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice11)Althoughreleasedfromprison,Duncanhasaninclinationtothepolice.VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammarrunawayfrom_________________2)Followingtheelection,theDemocratsweredemoralized,discredited,andworstofall,.goingbroke______________3)Ms.Blairisexpectedtowithhermanyyearsofexperiencetothenewpost.bringalong____________drawninto____________Fillintheblankineachsentencewithanappropriatephrasalverborcollocationfromthetext.ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepractice2VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar5)“Noneedtoworry,”shecomforteduswithasmile.“Letitall.”hangout___________ConsolidationActivities-runawayfromVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammare.g.他十三岁那年就离家出走了。Heranawayfromhomeattheageofthirteen.runawayfrom:suddenlyleavesb./aplace;escapefromsb./aplaceConsolidationActivities-gobrokeVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammare.g.这个公司不会破产。Thefirmwillnotgobroke.gobroke:bankruptConsolidationActivities-bringalongVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammare.g.我们怎么能够让（人们的）态度发生改变？Howcanwebringalongachangeinattitudes?bringalong:makesth.happenConsolidationActivities-drawintoVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammare.g.她发现自己卷入了她两个邻居之间的争论中。Shefoundherselfdrawnintoadisagreementbetweentwoofherneighbours.drawinto:makesb.becomeinvolvedinsth.,especiallywhentheydonotwanttobeConsolidationActivities-hangoutVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammare.g.别担心，做你想做的吧！Don’tworry.Letitallhangout.letitallhangout:(informal)relaxanddowhatyoulikeConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.1VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar1)drudgeryn.→drudgen.→drudgev.e.g.无尽无休的﹑单调乏味的家务给那个公司打工无异于做苦力。他勤苦地做一些单调的工作。theendlessdrudgeryofhouseworkWorkingforthatcompany,Iwaslittlemorethanadrudge.Hedrudgesatsomemonotonouswork.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.2VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar2)circulatorya.→circulationn.→circulatev.e.g.心脏和循环系统这份报纸的日销售量约55,000份。打开窗让空气流通吧！Thenewspaperhasadailycirculationof55,000.theheartandcirculatorysystemOpenawindowtoallowtheairtocirculate!ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.3VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar3)sociala.→sociablea.→societyn.e.g.我们这条街多数家庭都享受社会福利。她从不好交际。社会有权要违法者受到惩罚。Mostofthefamiliesinourroadareonsocialsecurity.Shehasneverreallybeenthesociabletype.Societyhasarighttoseelaw-breakerspunished.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.4VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar4)mentionv.→mentionn.→mentionablea.e.g.有人提起过我吗?没提到他的贡献。我的贡献不值一提。DidIhearmynamementioned?Therewasnomentionofhiscontribution.Mycontributionisnotmentionable.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.5VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar5)resistv.→resistancen.→resistanta.e.g.他再也抵抗不住了。这种意见受到某种抵制。能抵抗抗生素的一种传染病Hecouldresistnolonger.aninfectionthat’sresistanttoantibioticsTheideametwithsomeresistance.Herangerintensified.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.6VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar6)intensea.→intensivea.→intensifyv.e.g.他压力巨大。他们用一周时间教速成英语课程。她更加生气了。Heisunderintensepressure.TheyteachyouEnglishinanintensivecourselastingjustaweek.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.7VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar7)exclaimv.→exclamationn.e.g.他大声说那不是事实。他一阵惊叹。Heexclaimedthatitwasuntrue.Hegaveanexclamationofsurprise.BaJinisaliterarygiant.ConsolidationActivities-Wordderivation1.8VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar8)literaturen.→literacyn.→literarya.e.g.18世纪英国文学发明了印刷术后文化教育才得以普及。巴金是一位文坛巨匠。18thcenturyEnglishliteratureMassliteracywasonlypossibleaftertheinventionofprinting.restful,easyConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym11)Thatmadeusapanel,andwesatdowntofaceacrowdofstudentnewspapereditors,Englishteachersandparents,alleagertolearnthesecretsofourglamorouswork.Synonym:team,group2)Cominghomefromanarduousdayatthehospital,hewouldgostraighttohisyellowpadandwritehistensionsaway.Antonym:VocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammarConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym23)“Absolutelynot,”hesaid.“Letitallhangout,andwhateverformthesentencestakewillreflectthewriterathismostnatural.”Antonym:questionably4)Isaidthatwritingisacraft,notanart,andthatthemanwhorunsawayfromhiscraftbecausehelacksinspirationisfoolinghimself.Synonym:occupation,tradeVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammarConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym35)Dr.Brocksaidthathewasgreatlyenjoyinghisnewlifeasamanofletters,andhetoldseveralstoriesofbeingtakentolunchbyhispublisherandhisagentatchicManhattanrestaurantswherewritersandeditorsgather.Synonym:stylish,fashionable6)Isaidthatprofessionalwritersaresolitarydrudgeswhoseldomseeotherwriters.Antonym:gregariousVocabularyTranslationIntegratedSkillsOralActivitiesWritingGrammar7)Theyaredrivenbyacompulsiontoputsomepartofthemselvesonpaper,andyettheydon’tjustwritewhatcomesnaturally.Antonym:liberty,freedomConsolidationActivities-Synonym/Antonym4