美国政府

nullAmerican governmentAmerican governmentPolitics 政治 Democracy 民主 Constitution 宪法 Development 发展 Interest groups, public opinion and voting behavior and the media 利益集团、公众舆论和投票行为及新闻媒介 Political parties 政党 Congress, the people‘s institutions 国会、人民的机构 Actual results of the political process 政治程序的实际结果 OthersPolitics 政治Politics 政治ften referred to as the United States is a democracy, but more precisely, the United States is one of the constitutional federal republic美国常被称作是一个民主政体，但更确切地说，美国实行的是宪政联邦共和制 As a Republic, the fundamental power of the U.S. Government hands of the people. The people through regular meetings of the president, members of Congress and state and local government officials of the election exercise of its powers. Elected officials and its working groups to develop policies and laws, and is responsible for the daily operation of government.为一个共和国，美国政府的根本权力掌握在人民手中。人民通过定期举行的总统、国会议员以及州和地方政府官员的选举行使权力。民选官员及其工作班子制定政策和法律，并负责政府的日常运作。Democracy 民主Democracy 民主美国实行的是三权分立政策 关于权利制衡：The U.S. system of checks and balances of political rights, the right analogy. American legislative bodies and administrative institutions, the judiciary is a "cake" "Divide the cake" is both a power and an act of the power to make procedural division, is to exercise the power to the process of demarcation. "Divide the cake", can be divided into "cut" and "pick (Xian Na)," the two acts will be involved in these two acts were eligible to participate in sub-cake given to the stakeholders, that is the main process, that is, " The separation of powers "; to determine the" cut "and" pick "the rules, that is," all those who take the final, "is to" cut "and" pick "their power to define the scope of this rule must be party to the right side is relatively Obligations, the rule is to make a right into the second right after the checks and balances. U.S. political system is adopted by the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's guarantee. (In fact the constitution), it is also achievable. The independence of the judiciary, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution, the whole social system of the rule of law has played a very good role! The U.S. political system at the core of its essence it is exactly the. However, the history of the United States is not the start of the case, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution is the Supreme Court to fight for their own, and the rights of access to the U.S. political system is very far-reaching impact, it can be said that there had been no Marshall Justice for the case of Marbury v. Madison decision, the United States would not have today's situation, there will not be in 2000 Bush v. Gore case, then the emergence in 2000 of the U.S. presidential election crisis could cause the country Confusion, it is possible to the United States pay a high price! The authority of the Supreme Court from the law, from the Federal Constitution! In the United States of the Federal Constitution is the highest law is the general public believe, however, after the Federal Constitution to add the amendment is only six to seven thousand words, but it is impossible to cover a broad range of society in all aspects of the The details, but this is what their strengths lie, because the general provisions of the Constitution, at the same time as the highest authority of the Constitution, which makes the power of interpretation of the Constitution as a people have the power of faith, the people have faith, Then the power authority has become an unquestionable! The federal court's power comes on all of its power of interpretation of the Constitution on! The American people believe in a just institutionalized into laws, rather than a person of some noble moral character. Federal judges are the reason for the American people and the admiration convinced that an important factor in the decision can not be just their personal self-cultivation and quality, but they have a Justice of the process into a kind of institutionalized in the rule of law The latitude to become a tradition, a belief in the operation of the system. Under such a system, no one is authoritative, no one is above the law and not subject to the law. Political democracy is a good determining factor in a good system of checks and balances, leading to the absolute right to absolute corruption, there is only a good system of checks and balances, and such a system for people of faith, for belief rulers, the rule of law will it be possible to truly In reality, to operate successfully. 美国的宪法美国的宪法特点：1The United States Constitution is the written constitution.成文宪法2Has strong adaptability具有较强的适应性 体现原则：1787年宪法的原则：“分权与制衡” （1）立法权归于国会 ①国会实行两院制；②参议院、众议院的选举规则；③立法权归于国会，法律的实施经总统批准；④国会拥有宣战权；⑤参议院对总统任命权、缔结条约的审批权；⑥在职官员不得成为国会议员。 （2）行政权归于总统 美国的总统权利使联邦的行政权保持强有力的地位，是美国政治的特点，美国政治制度被称为总统共和制，简称总统制。美国总统是全世界最有权力的职位之一，他的权力由宪法赋予，归结起来为：“保卫美国联邦宪法及执行国会制定的法律。”美国总统主管联邦政府的行政部门——一个有几百万人的庞大组织。而且，美国总统在立法和司法事务方面也有很大权力。 美国总统权力在行政方面主要表现为： 总统有权处理国家事务和联邦政府的各种工作，有权选任所有行政部、院、署、局等机关首长（须经参议院认可），总统是美国武装部队的总司令，宣战权虽属国会，但在一些情况下总统往往越过国会不宣而战。在战争和紧急情况下，经国会授权，总统还可拥有更大的权力。 在外交事务方面，总统是负责处理对外关系的主要官员。他任命驻外大使、公使和领事（须经参议院认可），接见外国大使及公务人员。总统有权与外国缔结条约，但须经参议院2／3多数票的批准；而总统与外国签订的一切行政协定，却不需经参议院的同意。 （3）司法权：归于联邦法院 监督和解释宪法，最高法院拥有最高裁判权。 （4）“分权与制衡”立法权、行政权、司法权权力之间制约达到平衡。总统和国会之间、国会本身两院之间、司法与其他部门之间均构成制衡 What role does American government play in the development of economy? What role does American government play in the development of economy? Ameirican government involved the development of the economy by paying much attention to the science and technology, they spent a lot of money to help the development, thus American grew quickly in agriculture,industry and many other aspects. nullnullnullnullnull美国选举制度 （Of the electoral system ） 美国选举制度 （Of the electoral system ） 美国总统选举实行间接选举制。首先由各州选民投票选出本州选举人（人数与本州国会议员人数相等），再由各州选举人同时在各州首府投票选举正、副总统。议员选举实行直接选举制。众议员由各州选民直接选举；参议员最初由各州议会选举，1913年生效的第17条宪法修正案规定，参议员也由各州选民直接选举。州长、议员和某些州的法官、重要行政官员都由选民选举产生。各级选举一般都由两党包办。为了保证两党的统治地位，一般实行单名选区制和多数代表制。 United States presidential election implemented indirect election system. First of all state voters by the state electoral vote (the number of Members of Parliament and state equal numbers), at the same time by the state electoral vote in the state capital are, the Vice-President. Members of the introduction of direct election system of election. Representatives from the states voters directly elected; senators from the states first parliamentary elections in 1913 the entry into force of section 17 of the amendment to the Constitution, senators are directly elected by voters states. Governor, legislators and judges in some states, an important administrative officials elected by the voters. General elections at various levels arranged by the two parties. In order to ensure the dominance of the two parties, generally implement the single-constituency system and the majority representation system。nullnull政党制度（Political party system ） 政党制度（Political party system ） 采用两党制。美国宪法虽然没有规定政党地位，但政党是美国政治制度的重要组成部分，其影响渗透于其他各种政治制度。两党制在美国成立联邦初期就已萌芽，到南北战争后，两党制正式形成。垄断资产阶级通过两大政党控制整个国家政治机构，操纵全国政治生活。两党的主要职能是操纵和包办选举，特别是总统 选举。民主党和共和党两党长期轮流执政。美国政党除两大党外，还有其他一些政党，但它们都无法影响两大党轮流执政的地位。 A two-party system. Although the United States Constitution does not require political parties status, but the American political system of political parties is an important component of its impact on the infiltration of various other political system. Two-party system in the United States had set up the initial federal sprouting, to the Civil War, the two-party system was officially formed. Monopoly Capitalist Class by the two major political parties control the entire country's political institutions, manipulation of national political life. The main functions of the two parties is manipulated and arranged elections, particularly President Election. Democratic and Republican parties in power long-term rotation. Apart from the two major political parties outside the United States, there are a number of other political parties, but they are unable to influence the two major parties take turns ruling status. 公民权利制度 Civil rights system 公民权利制度 Civil rights system 美国宪法和法律条文规定，政府的权力来自人民，最终属于人民；政府的权力不是绝对的，而是受宪法和法律限制的。联邦宪法和法律一方面规定公民享有人身保护、言论、出版、集会、宗教信仰自由，私有财产权和选举权等权利； 另一方面规定，国会不得制定剥夺公民的言论、出版、和平集会和请愿等自由的法律，公民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受非法的搜查或扣押，非依法定正当程序，不得剥夺任何人的生命、自由或财产。此外，各州宪法和法律对公民的权利也有规定。实际上公民的权利受制于个人拥有的财产，享有充分自由权利的只能是资产阶级。 The United States Constitution and the provisions of the law, the government's power comes from the people, and ultimately belongs to the people the government's power is not absolute, but subject to the Constitution and legal restrictions. On the one hand, the Federal Constitution and the law stipulates that citizens enjoy a writ of habeas corpus, speech, publication, assembly, freedom of religion, private property rights and the right to vote, and so on the other hand, the Congress shall not make deprive citizens of speech, publication, peaceful assembly and freedom of petition The law, a citizen's personal, residential, documents and property from illegal search or seizure, non-scheduled due process in accordance with the law, no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property. In addition, the state constitution and the law on the rights of citizens and also provides. In fact the rights of citizens subject to the individual property owners, to enjoy the right to freedom can only be bourgeois. nullnullnullnull