17世纪英国社会背景)

nullThe social background of England in 17th centuryThe social background of England in 17th centuryThe 17th century was one of the most tempestuous periods in England history 　The rapid development of the capitalism·The rapid development of the capitalism·The discovery of the new sea routes boosted development of overseas trade and overseas pillage The enclosure movement contributed to the flourish of bourgeoisie All these elements helped the rapid development of the capitalism The fierce contradictions between the feudal system and the bourgeoisieThe fierce contradictions between the feudal system and the bourgeoisieThe government of James I was a despotism based on the theory of the divine right of kings. When Charles I on the throne, the religious tyranny of Archbishop Laud was added to the political tyranny of the king. the absolute monarchy impeded the further development of capitalism, and the bourgeoisie couldn’t bear it any morenullAs the contradictions reached its peak ,there came a struggle between the people’s parliament and the throne. With the leading of Cromwell, the parliament defeated the throne. in 1649, Charles I was beheaded .England became a commonwealth, under the rule of Cromwell. nullAfter Cromwell’s death, the people asked for further democracy, the bourgeoisie felt so afraid that they allowed James‖ to restore the monarchy. But James ‖,who was an Catholic，wanted to restored the Catholicism, in order to reinforce his sovereign dominance。 The revolution of gloryThe revolution of gloryThe restoration of James ‖ threatened the profits of the bourgeoisie. in 1688, the bourgeoisie overturned the rule of James ‖, and invited the william couple to be the king of England ,that was the world –famous “the revolution of glory” In 1689, the parliament passed the “the bill of rights”, from then on ,England became a constitutional monarchy country.